scholarly journals Evaluation of contaminants in fluorosilicic acid used for public water fluoridation in the Santos region, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-928
Author(s):  
Ciro Capitani dos Santos ◽  
Élio Lopes Santos ◽  
Flávia Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Fluorosilicic Acid

Fluorosilicic acid is one of the main products used in water fluoridation. As a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry, it may contain contaminants that are harmful to human health. The aims of this study were to assess the quality control analysis of fluorosilicic acid; to detect the presence of contaminants, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, aluminum, barium, strontium, cobalt, iron, and sulfur in fluorosilicic acid samples by using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry; and to collect data for water analysis performed at a water treatment plant. The results show the presence of all contaminants mentioned previously, except for lead, in fluorosilicic acid samples from all sources. No quality control was carried out or required for this product at any time. Although the water analyses indicate the water is potable, there are no minimum safe limits for human consumption regarding carcinogenic elements such as cadmium and arsenic and both were detected and released in the water. Therefore, the purity of fluorosilicic acid used for water fluoridation should be required and monitored by public administrations to avoid long-term public health problems.

Metals in Mytillus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) and Ensis directus (Conrad 1883): Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1622-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE LOZANO-BILBAO ◽  
SONGLIAN MÉNDEZ ◽  
GONZALO LOZANO ◽  
ARTURO HARDISSON ◽  
DAILOS GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACT The study has been conducted with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to determine the content of toxic heavy metals, macroelements, and essential elements in two species of bivalves of commercial interest in the Canary Islands: the Mediterranean mussel (Mytillus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) and the razor clam (Ensis directus, Conrad 1883). The study included 40 samples corresponding to 20 specimens of each species acquired from fishmongers on the island of Tenerife. E. directus had higher levels of metals, except for B, Cd, Na, and Zn (0.98, 0.02, 2,006.93, and 15.07 mg/kg, respectively) compared with those in M. galloprovincialis, B, Cd, Na, and Zn (2.67, 0.12, 2,267.7, and 22.27 mg/kg, respectively). In both bivalve molluscs, the maximum limits established by European legislation on food for human consumption were not exceeded. Likewise, the estimated daily intakes for the toxic metals Pb and Cd were below the admissible daily intakes.

scholarly journals Water Treatment Plant Prototype with pH Control Modeled on Fuzzy Logic for Removing Arsenic Using Fe(VI) and Fe(III)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2834
Author(s):  
Fabricio Paredes Larroca ◽  
Erich Saettone Olschewski ◽  
Javier Quino-Favero ◽  
Jimmy Rosales Huamaní ◽  
José Luis Castillo Sequera
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fuzzy Control Strategy

This study proposes a fuzzy control strategy embedded in a Siemens IoT2040 gateway developed for removing inorganic arsenic from synthetic underground water in a treatment plant prototype. The prototype is used to dose a constant flow of Fe(VI) to maintain an oxide-reduction potential to guarantee the oxidation of arsenite into arsenate, while the fuzzy logic embedded in the IoT control manages the addition of Fe(III) to achieve a proper pH adjustment and efficient arsenate removal. The tests used synthetic Bangladesh groundwater enriched with 200 µg/L of arsenite and 200 µg/L of arsenate. The results revealed that the plant prototype yielded an effective treatment of the water. Arsenate was decreased to an average value of 6.66 µg/L and, the arsenite concentration decreased to 1.01 µg/L or less. These values were lower than the limit of 10 µg/L deemed by the World Health Organization as safe for human consumption.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Level of Boron Concentrations in Black Teas with Fruit Teas Available on the Polish Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anetta Zioła-Frankowska ◽  
Marcin Frankowski ◽  
Karel Novotny ◽  
Viktor Kanicky
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The Impact

The determination of boron by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry has been carried in water-soluble and acid soluble (total content) fractions of 36 samples of traditional black tea and fruit brew. The estimation of the impact of the type of tea on the concentration of boron in water-soluble and acid extracts and potential human health risk from the daily intake of boron was carried out in this study. The levels of boron differed significantly in black and fruit tea types. The mean total content of boron ranged from 8.31 to 18.40 mg/kg in black teas, from 12.85 to 15.13 mg/kg in black tea with fruit flavor, and from 12.09 to 22.77 mg/kg in fruit brews. The degree of extraction of boron in black tea ranged from 8% to 27% and for fruit tea from 17% to 69%. In addition, the values below 25% were of black teas with fruit flavors. The daily intake of B from tea infusions (three cups/day) is still within the average daily intake except for some of the fruit brews which exceed acceptable regulations of the daily intake of total boron by humans. Hence, it may not produce any health risks for human consumption, if other sources of metal contaminated food are not taken at the same time.

scholarly journals Flow Injection Analysis System Coupled with ICP-EOS for Determination of Some Metallic Elements in Drinking Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Cristina Dinu ◽  
Gabriela Vasile ◽  
Liliana Cruceru ◽  
Jana Petre
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

The European Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC), transposed in Romanian Legislation as Low 458/2002, amended by Low 311/2004, imposes the limit of concentration for metallic elements in water intended for human consumption. The toxic metals arsenic and selenium are among these elements and the limit value is 10 μg/L. In the paper there are presented the working conditions for determination of As and Se from drinking water using modern techniques based on the fl ow injection-hydride generation with the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (FIAS-ICP-EOS). The analyses were performed on Optima 5300 DV Perkin Elmer equipment with FIAS 400 Flow Injection System, Perkin Elmer type. For the hydride generation two types of solution were used: 10% (v/v) HCl as a carrier solution and 0.2 % NaBH4 in 0.05%NaOH solution as a reducing agent [1]. The treatment step of the samples and standard solutions consisted in reducing with mixed solutions of KI and ascorbic acid in acidic condition (HCl) for As and only with HCl and high temperature for Se [2,3]. The paper contains the characteristic parameters of the methods, such as: low detection limit, quantifi cation limit, repeatability, precision, recovery, which were evaluated using Certifi ed Reference Materials for each element.

Research on Fluoride Removal from Membranes Rejected Water

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef-Amine Boussouga ◽  
Marina Valentukeviciene ◽  
Ramune Zurauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
Sorption Phenomenon ◽  
Fluoride Sorbents

The excess of fluoride in water intended for human consumption can cause some problems in health of consumers from concentrations over than 1.5 mg/L. A detailed study has been carried out for the removal of fluoride from concentrated rejected water overcoming the drawback of membrane processes by using sorption techniques. Opoka mineral which is a natural sorbent and polonite have been chosen and valorized in this present work as fluoride sorbents for rejected water by membranes of the water treatment plant. These sorbents have been selected in order to reduce the treatment cost and to meet the standards of rejected water especially in term of fluoride. Opoka sorbent and polonite have shown effective results for fluoride removal from rejected water with efficiency over than 77%. In order to understand the sorption phenomenon and to validate the results with sorbents, we have applied experimental data on Freundlich Isotherm and SEM microscopic technique.

scholarly journals A study on adsorption of metals by activated carbon in a large-scale (municipal) process of surface water purification

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Dabioch ◽  
Robert Skorek ◽  
Andrzej Kita ◽  
Piotr Janoska ◽  
Katarzyna Pytlakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material

AbstractElements that enter the aquatic environment may pose a health risk to wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were: to determine how the introduction of activated carbon for a water purification system will improve the quality of the water produced; and to investigate the sorption of metals on activated carbons, including determination of the accumulation, as well as changes in concentrations of elements in carbons. The tests were carried out on three types of activated carbons with different granular structure. All samples were collected from Water Treatment Plant Goczalkowice, Poland. Concentrations of elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The experiment showed that metals accumulating in the activated carbons during the operation included: Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In each of the three types of carbons, it can distinguish such elements as Ba, Al, Cr, Ni, Ti, which are characterized by irregular accumulation during the operation of the filter. The introduction of carbon sorbent for water treatment largely contributed to improvement in the quality of raw material supplied to customers, mainly with regard to taste and smell, as well as to reduction of basic parameters: color, absorbance in the UV range and oxidability.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Selected Serbian Propolis Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Tosic ◽  
Gordana Stojanovic ◽  
Snezana Mitic ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽  
Sladjana Alagic
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Natural Medicines

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the content of 22 macro- and microelements in ten raw Serbian propolis samples which differ in geographical and botanical origin as well as in polluted agent contents by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The macroelements were more common and present Ca content was the highest while Na content the lowest. Among the studied essential trace elements Fe was the most common element. The levels of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As and Hg) were also analyzed, since they were possible environmental contaminants that could be transferred into propolis products for human consumption. As and Hg were not detected in any of the analyzed samples but a high level of Pb (2.0-9.7 mg/kg) was detected and only selected portions of raw propolis could be used to produce natural medicines and dietary supplements for humans. Obtained results were statistically analyzed, and the examined samples showed a wide range of element content.

Determination near the Limit of Detection with a Sequential Scanning Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Nygaard ◽  
D. S. Chase ◽  
D. A. Leighty
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Sequential Scanning ◽  
Control Samples

Requirements associated with determinations near the limit of detection by sequential scanning inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry are discussed. Strategies are suggested for overcoming potential difficulties, and analytical results generated using these strategies are presented for EPA Water Pollution Quality Control Samples.

scholarly journals Determination of selected metallic elements in marsh clam, Polymesoda expansa, collected from Tanjung Lumpur Mangrove Forest, Kuantan, Pahang

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chuan Ong ◽  
Amalina Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
The Impact

Presence of metallic elements in organisms is one of the important topics in environmental pollution, toxicology and food safety. It has been extensively studied because of the impact of these elements on the ecosystem and health of the seafood consumers. This study provides information on the concentration of some essential metals (copper, Cu; zinc, Zn) and non-essential metals (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb) in the commonly consumed marsh clam, Polymesoda expansa, sampled randomly from Tanjung Lumpur mangrove forest, Kuantan, Pahang. It also focuses on the human health risk assessment in terms of toxicity of these metallic elements. Closed acid digestion method was used to digest the samples and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the metal contents in the samples. The mean concentration of each metal in the tissues was recorded on a dry weight basis. The average values were: Cu, 15.5 μg/g.; Zn, 296 μg/g ; Pb, 2.31 μg/g and Cd, 1.04 μg/g . These values are within the permissible limits set by Malaysian Food Regulation (1985) and the World Health Organization (1982). The pollution load index (PLI) value of 2.94 indicates that there is no serious metal pollution in this study area. The correlation coefficient matrix between four metallic elements shows positive value, suggesting that the selected metals may have originated from the same source and accumulated in the clam tissue. A positive correlation was noted between the size of the clam and concentrations of Cd, Zn and Cu whereas it was negative for Pb. The present finding shows that the marsh clams from Tanjung Lumpur are safe for human consumption. However, a proper and continuous assessment should be done in order to monitor any changes in the contents of metallic elements since Tanjung Lumpur is near the Kuantan city center and the mining activities at the upstream area might at some stage cause metal pollution.

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