Arsenic waste from water treatment systems: characteristics, treatments and its disposal

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Paripurnanda Loganathan ◽  
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Srirama Krupanidhi ◽  
Thi Thu Nga Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Harmful Effects

As with other water treatment systems, arsenic treatment creates not only quality water but arsenic waste as well. Management of arsenic waste is now becoming a major public concern due to its harmful effects on the surrounding environment, including serious health problems such as skin cancers and various internal carcinomas. The main aim of this paper is to review: (i) the characteristics of arsenic waste produced by arsenic treatment systems; and (ii) the treatment and disposal methods of this waste. Arsenic waste type or its characteristics play an important role in choosing the best method of treatment and disposal. Currently, encapsulation of arsenic waste through solidification/stabilization (S/S) techniques is considered to be the most attractive solution and this method is the focus of this review. A number of studies have used cement by itself and in combination with additives such as lime, iron, silicates, or fly ash in the S/S process. Although there is a lack of systematic investigations and differing procedures for testing the effectiveness of the treatment methods, it was agreed that incorporating additives could increase the effectiveness of the S/S process depending on the type and dose of additives.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Removal from Water by Efficient Adsorbents

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaim Anaqi Zaimee ◽  
Mohd Sani Sarjadi ◽  
Md Lutfor Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Harmful Effects

Natural occurrence and anthropogenic practices contribute to the release of pollutants, specifically heavy metals, in water over the years. Therefore, this leads to a demand of proper water treatment to minimize the harmful effects of the toxic heavy metals in water, so that a supply of clean water can be distributed into the environment or household. This review highlights several water treatment methods that can be used in removing heavy metal from water. Among various treatment methods, the adsorption process is considered as one of the highly effective treatments of heavy metals and the functionalization of adsorbents can fully enhance the adsorption process. Therefore, four classes of adsorbent sources are highlighted: polymeric, natural mineral, industrial by-product, and carbon nanomaterial adsorbent. The major purpose of this review is to gather up-to-date information on research and development on various adsorbents in the treatment of heavy metal from water by emphasizing the adsorption capability, effect of pH, isotherm and kinetic model, removal efficiency and the contact of time of every adsorbent.

scholarly journals A Perspective on the Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Detection and Water Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Cristina Arqueros ◽  
Félix Zamora ◽  
Carmen Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Water Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Water

Global population growth and water resource scarcity are significant social problems currently being studied by many researchers focusing on finding new materials for water treatment. The aim is to obtain quality water suitable for drinking and industrial consumption. In this sense, an emergent class of crystalline porous materials known as Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COFs) offers a wide range of possibilities since their structures can be designed on demand for specific applications. Indeed, in the last decade, many efforts have been made for their use in water treatment. This perspective article aims to overview the state-of-the-art COFs collecting the most recent results in the field for water detection of pollutants and water treatment. After the introduction, where we overview the classical design strategies on COF design and synthesis for obtaining chemically stable COFs, we summarize the different experimental methodologies used for COFs processing in the form of supported and free-standing membranes and colloids. Finally, we describe the use of COFs in processes involving the detection of pollutants in water and wastewater treatment, such as the capture of organic compounds, heavy metals, and dyes, the degradation of organic pollutants, as well as in desalination processes. Finally, we provide a perspective on the field and the potential technological use of these novel materials.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electroplating Sludge as Subgrade Backfill Materials: Mechanical and Environmental Risk Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Peixin Shi ◽  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Qiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Electroplating Sludge ◽  
Backfill Materials ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
The Impact

The electroplating sludge may pose serious threat to human health and surrounding environment without safe treatment. This paper investigated the feasibility of using electroplating sludge as subgrade backfill materials, by evaluating the mechanical properties and environmental risk of the cement-coal fly ash solidified sludge. In this study, Portland cement and coal fly ash are used to solidify/stabilize the sludge. After curing for 7, 14, and 28 days, the stabilization/solidification sludge specimens were subject to a series of mechanical, leaching, and microcosmic tests. It was found that the compressive strength increased with the increase of cement content, curing time, and the cement replacement by coal fly ash besides water content. Among these factors, the impact of water content on the compressive strength is most noticeable. It was observed that the compressive strength declined by 87.1% when the water content increased from 0% to 10%. Besides, leaching tests showed that the amount of leaching heavy metals were under the standard limit. These results demonstrated utilization of electroplating sludge in subgrade backfill material may provide an alternative for the treatment of electroplating sludge.

scholarly journals Awareness of farm workers regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Geeta Gaba
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Educational Package ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
Harmful Effects

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses of cotton crop and maintain high product quality. Because of high biological activity, and in some cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides (pyrethroids, carbamate, oganophosphate, organochlorines) may cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses. Farmers who perform spray activity are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides (Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, pyrethroids and carbamates), than the other farm workers such as pesticide loader, evaluator. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and use of the appropriate protective clothing and equipments in all stages of pesticide handling. The present study was conductedon 270 respondents from all nine blocks of Hisar district of Haryana state to create awareness amongst them regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application.An educational package in the form of Video CD and Leaflet was used. Pamphlets were distributed; lecture-cum-demonstrations and film shows were organized. Protective clothing and accessories were also exhibited for better impact. It was recorded that respondents succeeded in acquiring awareness at post exposure level, through print and electronic media for each message viz. breathing problems (23.3%), eyes related problems (100%), skin allergy (43.3%), headache (60.3%), fainting due to inhalation of pesticide (64.33%) and stomach related problems (23.56%).  

scholarly journals Households with unimproved water sources in Ethiopia: spatial variation and point-of-use treatment based on 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Tefera Damtew ◽  
Abraham Geremew
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Point Of Use

Abstract Background Improved water sources are not equally available in all geographical regions. Populations dependent on unsafe water sources are recommended to treat their water at point-of-use using adequate methods to reduce associated health problems. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of households using unimproved water sources have been incomplete or ignored in most of the studies. Moreover, evidence on the point-of-use water treatment practice of households dependent on such water sources is scarce. Therefore, the current study is intended to analyze the spatial distribution of unimproved water sources by wealth quintiles at country level and point-of-use treatment (POU) practices using nationally representative data. Method The data of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) conducted on 16650 households from 643 clusters were used for the analysis. For spatial analysis, the raw and spatially smoothed coverage data was joined to the geographic coordinates based on EDHS cluster identification code. Global spatial autocorrelation was performed to analyze whether the pattern of unimproved water coverage is clustered, dispersed, or random across the study areas. Once a positive global autocorrelation was confirmed, a local spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to detect local clusters. The POU water treatment is analyzed based on reported use of either boiling, chlorine (bleach), filtration, or solar disinfection (SODIS). Results There were 5005 households using unimproved water sources for drinking purposes. Spatial variation of unimproved water coverage was observed with high coverage observed at Amhara, Afar, Southern Nations Nationalities and People and Somalia regions. Disparity in unimproved water coverage between wealth quintiles was also observed. The reported point-of-use water treatment practice among these households is only 6.24%. The odds of POU water treatment among household heads with higher education status is 2.5 times higher (95% CI = 1.43-4.36) compared to those who did not attend education. Conclusion An apparent clustering trend with high unimproved water coverage was observed between regions and among wealth quintiles hence indicates priority areas for future resource allocation and the need for regional and national policies to address the issue. Promoting households to treat water prior to drinking is essential to reduce health problems.

scholarly journals Modern water treatment system for high-quality water used in the energy industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
E Rakhmetova ◽  
A Kozodaev ◽  
A Zavyalova ◽  
O Kondrateva ◽  
N Zvonkova
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Quality Water

scholarly journals Synergistic Passivation of Fly Ash and TMT on Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Fang Wang ◽  
Shi-He Li ◽  
Xian-Qing Wang ◽  
Ling-Xu Li ◽  
Xuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Trisodium Salt ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Large amounts of fly ash and sewage sludge are produced annually in China. The treatment and disposal of such byproducts have become urgent problems that need to be solved. In order to achieve the possibility of realizing land applications for sewage sludge, fly ash and trimercapto-s-triazine trisodium salt (TMT) were used as immobilizing agents, and their passivation effects on four kinds of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were evaluated. The results showed that the resulting sewage sludge met Chinese standard GB/T23486-2009. When the addition was 10–20% fly ash or 0.4–0.6% TMT, the optimum immobilization effect was obtained. The synergistic passivation of 20% fly ash +0.5% TMT was superior to that of either fly ash or TMT alone. The addition of sewage sludge during the ryegrass growth process significantly increased the plant height, the number of tillers, the chlorophyll content, and the biomass of the ryegrass over the brown soil. The adverse effect of the heavy metals on the ryegrass growth could be alleviated by the passivation effect of fly ash and TMT. The immobilization performance of the fly ash was mainly due to the formation of precipitation and the ion exchange, while that of TMT was due to chelate precipitation.

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