scholarly journals Mechano-chemical ageing of PES/PVP ultrafiltration membranes used in drinking water production

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pellegrin ◽  
E. Gaudichet-Maurin ◽  
C. Causserand
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Ageing

In water treatment by microfiltration and ultrafiltration, a major concern is the integrity loss or failure of membrane induced by onsite operations, potentially leading to permeate water contamination. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the phenomena responsible for membrane damage by analyzing its causes and effects. The role of sodium hypochlorite exposure conditions and the impact of mechanical stress on membrane characteristics were investigated. Monitoring of hydraulic response, mechanical properties and the evolution of the chemical structure showed, on multiple scales, strong indications of membrane chemical degradation, involving radical mechanisms, accelerated by tensile stress application.

scholarly journals CHNS Modeling for Study and Management of Human–Water Interactions at Multiple Scales

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ◽  
S. Jamshid Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Hydrology

This paper presents basic definitions and challenges/opportunities from different perspectives to study and control water cycle impacts on society and vice versa. The wider and increased interactions and their consequences such as global warming and climate change, and the role of complex institutional- and governance-related socioeconomic-environmental issues bring forth new challenges. Hydrology and integrated water resources management (IWRM from the viewpoint of an engineering planner) do not exclude in their scopes the study of the impact of changes in global hydrology from societal actions and their feedback effects on the local/global hydrology. However, it is useful to have unique emphasis through specialized fields such as hydrosociology (including the society in planning water projects, from the viewpoint of the humanities) and sociohydrology (recognizing the large-scale impacts society has on hydrology, from the viewpoint of science). Global hydrological models have been developed for large-scale hydrology with few parameters to calibrate at local scale, and integrated assessment models have been developed for multiple sectors including water. It is important not to do these studies with a silo mindset, as problems in water and society require highly interdisciplinary skills, but flexibility and acceptance of diverse views will progress these studies and their usefulness to society. To deal with complexities in water and society, systems modeling is likely the only practical approach and is the viewpoint of researchers using coupled human–natural systems (CHNS) models. The focus and the novelty in this paper is to clarify some of these challenges faced in CHNS modeling, such as spatiotemporal scale variations, scaling issues, institutional issues, and suggestions for appropriate mathematical tools for dealing with these issues.

scholarly journals Water footprint analysis as an indicator of sustainability in nonconventional drinking water treatment systems

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (213) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Víctor Alfonso Cerón Hernández ◽  
Isabel Cristina Hurtado ◽  
Isabel Cristina Bolaños ◽  
Apolinar Figueroa Casas ◽  
Inés Restrepo Tarquino
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
The Impact

The impact of multiple-stage filtration (MSF) was determined in two study systems. Water footprint (WF) was estimated with all its components and their results allowed the identification of those responsible for the environmental impact associated with drinking water production. Climatic conditions of high and low precipitation and socio-cultural context were considered. Results showed technicalshortcomings, such as the presence of fissures that generate losses and the contribution of polluting substances in the effluent from filter washing. Socio-economic limitations increase the WF. Water management can be improved by studying the WF components and their relationships with the socio-cultural component.

scholarly journals Coping with the Challenges of Abiotic Stress in Plants: New Dimensions in the Field Application of Nanoparticles

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Arpna Kumari ◽  
Harish ◽  
Vipin Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Abiotic stress in plants is a crucial issue worldwide, especially heavy-metal contaminants, salinity, and drought. These stresses may raise a lot of issues such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, loss of photosynthetic efficiency, etc. that could alter crop growth and developments by affecting biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, causing a significant loss in productivity. To overcome the impact of these abiotic stressors, many strategies could be considered to support plant growth including the use of nanoparticles (NPs). However, the majority of studies have focused on understanding the toxicity of NPs on aquatic flora and fauna, and relatively less attention has been paid to the topic of the beneficial role of NPs in plants stress response, growth, and development. More scientific attention is required to understand the behavior of NPs on crops under these stress conditions. Therefore, the present work aims to comprehensively review the beneficial roles of NPs in plants under different abiotic stresses, especially heavy metals, salinity, and drought. This review provides deep insights about mechanisms of abiotic stress alleviation in plants under NP application.

The role of pH on the ultrafiltration for drinking water production in Algarve (Portugal)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ribau Teixeira ◽  
H. Lucas ◽  
M.J. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsion ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Drinking Water Production

The effect of the pH on the ultrafiltration performance of natural surface waters with moderate NOM content was evaluated at a laboratory scale using a plate-and-frame polysulphone membrane of 47 kDa MWCO. The results at three different pH values (acid, neutral and basic) demonstrated the important role of the pH on the ultrafiltration (UF) performance controlling the membrane - fouling matter interactions. The higher fluxes and lower natural organic matter (NOM) rejections obtained, at basic pH when compared to acid pH, are explained in terms of the variation of membrane and NOM charge, due to electrostatic repulsion and adsorption effects.

Comparison of MIEX® treatment and coagulation on NOM character

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Morran ◽  
M. Drikas ◽  
D. Cook ◽  
D.B. Bursill
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The MIEX® DOC Process was developed specifically for the removal of problematic natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water production. The Mt Pleasant plant in South Australia was constructed to assess the MIEX® DOC Process in likely operating scenarios including retrofit into existing conventional water treatment plants and installation into new plants combined with microfiltration. The plant has been operating since 2001. In conjunction with this has been an extensive laboratory investigation into the factors impacting on the effectiveness of the process for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and water quality improvement, particularly for MIEX® treatment combined with coagulation. Both plant monitoring and laboratory studies indicate that changes in the character of the NOM and water quality have had a significant impact on DOC removal by the MIEX® resin. MIEX® and coagulation have been very effective in combination and consistently reduced turbidity to <0.5 NTU from an average of 60 NTU. The target is now to achieve higher DOC removal rates. To achieve this, it is important that the influence of water quality changes on the MIEX® and coagulation processes, particularly the impact of changes in NOM character are fully understood.

The impact of climate change on drinking water supply by riverbank filtration

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Eckert ◽  
R. Lamberts ◽  
C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Riverbank Filtration ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
The Impact

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a well proven natural treatment, which in many countries is part of a multi-barrier concept in drinking water supply. The induced infiltration of river water into the aquifer produces a significant improvement in river water quality. Riverbank filtration wells are characterized by a high capacity. Based on data from recent years, an integrated approach to assessing the impact of climate change on safe drinking water production by RBF is demonstrated in the Lower Rhine Valley, Germany. Influencing factors on quantitative as well as qualitative aspects were identified. During low river water periods, the capacity of the RBF-wells decreases. In addition the lower discharge within the river is accompanied by a increased concentration of several chemical compounds. Together with higher water temperatures which influence the hydrogeochemical processes during RBF, the changing raw water composition has to be considered for the subsequent technical treatment step. However, our investigations reveal that despite the impact of climate change on RBF, the multi-protective barrier concept, including both natural and technical purification, has proven a reliable method for drinking water production. The sanitation of the Rhine over the last decades was an important step to make RBF more resilient to climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stochasticity and Its Control on a Model of the Inflammatory Response

Computation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panteleimon D. Mavroudis ◽  
Jeremy D. Scheff ◽  
John C. Doyle ◽  
Yoram Vodovotz ◽  
Ioannis P. Androulakis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
Biological Noise ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The dysregulation of inflammation, normally a self-limited response that initiates healing, is a critical component of many diseases. Treatment of inflammatory disease is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the complexities underlying the inflammatory response, motivating the application of systems and computational biology techniques in an effort to decipher this complexity and ultimately improve therapy. Many mathematical models of inflammation are based on systems of deterministic equations that do not account for the biological noise inherent at multiple scales, and consequently the effect of such noise in regulating inflammatory responses has not been studied widely. In this work, noise was added to a deterministic system of the inflammatory response in order to account for biological stochasticity. Our results demonstrate that the inflammatory response is highly dependent on the balance between the concentration of the pathogen and the level of biological noise introduced to the inflammatory network. In cases where the pro- and anti-inflammatory arms of the response do not mount the appropriate defense to the inflammatory stimulus, inflammation transitions to a different state compared to cases in which pro- and anti-inflammatory agents are elaborated adequately and in a timely manner. In this regard, our results show that noise can be both beneficial and detrimental for the inflammatory endpoint. By evaluating the parametric sensitivity of noise characteristics, we suggest that efficiency of inflammatory responses can be controlled. Interestingly, the time period on which parametric intervention can be introduced efficiently in the inflammatory system can be also adjusted by controlling noise. These findings represent a novel understanding of inflammatory systems dynamics and the potential role of stochasticity thereon.

IntegTa: a procedure for integrative management of dammed raw water reservoirs for drinking water production and their lower reaches

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Slavik ◽  
W. Uhl ◽  
J. Völker ◽  
H. Lohr ◽  
M. Funke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
The Impact

Dammed water reservoirs for drinking water production with their catchment areas and rivers downstream represent dynamic systems that change constantly and are subject to many influences. An optimized management considering and weighing up the various demands on raw water reservoirs (long-term storage for drinking water supply, flood control, ecological state of the rivers downstream, energy production, nature conservation and recreational uses) against each other is therefore very difficult. Thus, an optimal reservoir management has to take into account scenarios of possibly occurring external influences and to permit predictions of prospective raw water qualities, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of short and long term changes in raw water quality on subordinate processes should be considered. This approach was followed in the work presented here, as there currently is no tool available to predict and evaluate the impacts of raw water reservoir management strategies integratively. The strategy supported by the newly developed decision support procedure takes into account all aspects from water quality, flood control and drinking water treatment to environmental quality downstream the reservoir. Furthermore, possible extreme events or changes of boundary conditions (e.g. climate change) can be considered.

The role of the antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol in the impact of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 on Azospirillum brasilense phytostimulators

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Couillerot ◽  
Emeline Combes-Meynet ◽  
Joël F. Pothier ◽  
Floriant Bellvert ◽  
Elita Challita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolite ◽  
The Impact

Pseudomonads producing the antimicrobial metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) can control soil-borne phytopathogens, but their impact on other plant-beneficial bacteria remains poorly documented. Here, the effects of synthetic Phl and Phl+ Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 on Azospirillum brasilense phytostimulators were investigated. Most A. brasilense strains were moderately sensitive to Phl. In vitro, Phl induced accumulation of carotenoids and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-like granules, cytoplasmic membrane damage and growth inhibition in A. brasilense Cd. Experiments with P. fluorescens F113 and a Phl− mutant indicated that Phl production ability contributed to in vitro growth inhibition of A. brasilense Cd and Sp245. Under gnotobiotic conditions, each of the three strains, P. fluorescens F113 and A. brasilense Cd and Sp245, stimulated wheat growth. Co-inoculation of A. brasilense Sp245 and Pseudomonas resulted in the same level of phytostimulation as in single inoculations, whereas it abolished phytostimulation when A. brasilense Cd was used. Pseudomonas Phl production ability resulted in lower Azospirillum cell numbers per root system (based on colony counts) and restricted microscale root colonization of neighbouring Azospirillum cells (based on confocal microscopy), regardless of the A. brasilense strain used. Therefore, this work establishes that Phl+ pseudomonads have the potential to interfere with A. brasilense phytostimulators on roots and with their plant growth promotion capacity.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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