A study on assessment of biomass production potential of pipe materials in contact with drinking water

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Tsvetanova ◽  
E. J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pipe Materials

The point of compliance in the European Drinking Water Directive is the consumer's tap and thus a set of requirements for the quality of materials used in distribution systems is needed. On European level an approval scheme for construction products in contact with drinking water is under development. The Regulators Group proposed that the Biomass Production Potential (BPP) test should be the basis for assessment of microbial growth support properties of products in contact with drinking water. Due to a lack of data the goal of this study was to generate more information on the growth promoting properties of pipe materials of different origin using the BPP test. The pipe materials under study showed different capacity to enhance bacterial growth and their BPP values could be ranked: Cu < SS < PP < PEx < PE < PVCp. A positive correlation between the planktonic biomass (PB) and the BPP was observed. Materials with a high BPP and a relatively higher PB/BPP ratio had a higher potential to impair bacteriological water quality. The option for derivation of pass-fail criteria based on planktonic biomass was discussed.

The effect of the surface-to-volume contact ratio on the biomass production potential of the pipe products in contact with drinking water

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Tsvetanova ◽  
E. J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Construction Product

The biomass production potential (BPP) test is a semi-static test for assessment of microbial growth promoting properties of construction products in contact with drinking water (CPDW). In 2003 the test was selected for incorporation into a scheme for acceptance of CPDW in the framework of implementation of the European Construction Product Directive and Drinking Water Directive. The pass/fail criterion for the BPP test is based on the sum of microbial growth in water and in biofilm caused by substances released from CPDW. The test is performed at a surface-to-volume contact ratio (S/V) of 0.17 cm−1, that is quite different from the practice in buildings and domestic installations, where the usual ratios are 2.1 cm−1 for 3/4 inches pipe, 1.6 cm−1 for 1 inches pipe or 1.0 cm−1 for 1.5 inches pipe. The goal of the study was to evaluate the importance of S/V ratio for performance of the BPP test and for correct assessment of the growth promoting properties of CPDW. The BPP of 10 pipe products were compared under the S/V ratios of 0.17 cm−1 and 1.7 cm−1. The BPP of most polymer products were higher under the S/V ratio of 1.7 cm−1 in individual trials, but the differences were insignificant. However, the planktonic biomass concentrations were 4–14 fold higher at larger S/V ratio and this can be important from hygienic point of view. For acceptance of CPDW, besides a pass/fail criterion for the BPP, the planktonic biomass concentration could be taken as a second criterion for evaluation.

Biomass production potential of materials in contact with drinking water: method and practical importance

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van der Kooij ◽  
H.R. Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
Growth Promoting

Synthetic materials in contact with drinking water may affect microbial water quality by releasing growth-promoting substances. Various tests are being used for assessing the microbial growth-supporting potential of such materials. The biofilm formation potential (BFP) method is based on determining the concentration of active biomass (as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) on the surface of a material incubated in slow sand filtrate (surface to volume ratio 0.15/cm) at 25°C during a period of 16 weeks. In addition to attached biomass (biofilm), suspended biomass is also produced. The amount of suspended biomass is a significant fraction (20-70%) of the total biomass production, depending of the type of material. Therefore, it is concluded that the production of suspended biomass should be included in evaluating the growth-promoting properties of materials in contact with drinking water. Consequently, the BFP test has been adapted to the biomass production potential (BPP) test, with BPP including BFP and suspended biomass production (SBP), as pg ATP/cm2. The defining criteria for BPP values for materials require further investigation into the effects of water quality on biofilm formation and the relationship between BPP values and regrowth problems.

scholarly journals The Water Safety Plan Approach: Application to Small Drinking-Water Systems—Case Studies in Salento (South Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Francesca Serio ◽  
Lucia Martella ◽  
Giovanni Imbriani ◽  
Adele Idolo ◽  
Francesco Bagordo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Background: The quality of water for human consumption is an objective of fundamental importance for the defense of public health. Since the management of networks involves many problems of control and efficiency of distribution, the Water Safety Plan (WSP) was introduced to address these growing problems. Methods: WSP was applied to three companies in which the water resource assumes central importance: five water kiosks, a third-range vegetable processing company, and a residence and care institution. In drafting the plan, the terms and procedures designed and tested for the management of urban distribution systems were applied to safeguard the resource over time. Results: The case studies demonstrated the reliability of the application of the model even to small drinking-water systems, even though it involved a greater effort in analyzing the incoming water, the local intended use, and the possibilities for managing the containment of the dangers to which it is exposed. This approach demonstrates concrete effectiveness in identifying and mitigating the dangers of altering the quality of water. Conclusions: Thanks to the WSP applied to small drinking-water systems, we can move from management that is focused mainly on verifying the conformity of the finished product to the creation of a global risk assessment and management system that covers the entire water supply chain.

scholarly journals The Application of 3D-Printing Techniques in the Manufacturing of Cement-Based Construction Products and Experiences Based on the Assessment of Such Products

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sotorrío Ortega ◽  
Javier Alonso Madrid ◽  
Nils O. E. Olsson ◽  
José Antonio Tenorio Ríos
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Printing Techniques

The construction industry has embraced digitisation and industrialisation in response to the need to increase its productivity, optimise material consumption and improve workmanship. Additive manufacturing (AM), more widely known as 3D printing, has driven substantial progress in these respects in other industries, and a number of national and international projects have helped to introduce the technique to the construction industry. As with other innovative processes not covered by uniform standards, appropriate assessments and testing methodologies to control the quality of the 3D-printed end products, while not obligatory, are advisable. This article shows that regulation is not an obstacle to the use of an innovative product, such as 3D printing, by proposing quality-control tests and an assessment methodology, in the understanding that standardisation ensures the viability of a technology. The information, including the methods and results, is based on the authors’ experiences in the development of three research projects pertaining to 3D printing. This paper also discusses whether the performance of the materials used in 3D printing could be superior to traditional ones.

Characteristics of Ion Release from Building Materials during Rainwater Harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3522-3528
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zhang ◽  
Ya Xiong Deng ◽  
Zhan Qin Lei ◽  
Wei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Materials Used

In the past two decade, the Chinese government has paid a huge effort to solve the problem of drinking water in remote rural. As an alterative success case, rainwater harvesting and utility has been the most efficient way to supplying fresh water in rural areas of the Loess Plateau, a typical water resources serious shortage area in China. Focused on improving the quality of the rural village cistern water, study about the characteristics of ion release from building materials during runoff process with five representative materials used for rainwater collection: concrete, red brick, grey tile, red tile and soil was conducted. The ion releasing process and following effect on cistern water quality index, such as hardness, pH, conductivity, has been analyzed. Results revealed that the most release strength of different materials was arriving at 30s following startup. Furthermore, the test of effects of rain acidity on ion release procession showed that the total ion release increased with storm water pH declining, however, the release strength was irrelevance with runoff’s pH. Based on research results, a detailed suggestion was provided to renovate intake construction of cistern for improving the drinking water quality in remote rural areas of Weibei Semi-arid District.

scholarly journals Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-864
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Fedichkina ◽  
L. G. Solenova ◽  
I. E. Zykova ◽  
S. V. German ◽  
A. V. Modestova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Economic Aspects

There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there. In Russia where different climatic conditions are deposited by considerable regional differences in the conditions of communal services caused both by various level of the socio-economic development of the territory, the supplementation with pure drinking water serves as the social determinant of the ecological conditions of the population’s life. This particularly has impact on the unfeasible technical state of the water distribution systems, microorganism ecology of which can substantially affect public health. The performed by authors a specialized screening ofpresented at the official web site of the joint-stock company «Mosvodokanal» current data concerning the quality of drinking water consumed by 2500 Moscovites, tested for the Helicobacter pylori infection revealed no deviations from the sanitary standards in the water received by the consumers. Along with that, the comparison of the map documents of the distribution of the Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow with the distribution of citizens’ complaints of the decline of the quality of tap water has revealed a territorial fastening of the high values of the population infection rate of n^ylori and the urban sites with the greatest number of complaints. In the microbial ecology of water-distribution systems there are tightly aligned problems of their epidemiological safety, technical state and economic damage caused by corrosion as a result of microbiotic activity. In contrast to acute bacterial and viral infections which are deemed of the greatest importance when assessing the sanitary condition of water sources and water-distribution systems, the consequences of infection with H. pylori may not be manifestedfor a long time but some years later they may be manifested as serious chronic diseases (from gastritis to adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a wide range of extraintestinal pathologies), which causes great social and economic losses. Thus, the socio-economic aspect of the epidemiology of helicobacteriosis includes at least two components: the technic - the maintenance of the feasible technic and sanitary state of the water distribution systems and the medico-social - expenditures for screening and treatment of infected patients. In total they are an inseparable part of the prevention of socially-important diseases in the public health system.

Análise de sensibilidade às componentes do balanço hídrico para suporte a uma melhor gestão de perdas em sistemas de abastecimento de água

2020 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dália Loureiro ◽  
◽  
Aisha Mamade ◽  
Maria Almeida Silva ◽  
Francisco Arregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Non Revenue Water

Apesar da qualidade de serviço assegurada atualmente pelos sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA) em Portugal, o valor de água não faturada nos sistemas em “baixa” tem-se mantido praticamente constante e com desempenho insatisfatório nos últimos anos. O balanço hídrico constitui um standard para avaliar a água entrada, o consumo faturado e não faturado em SAA. A quantificação fiável das componentes de água não faturada, para identificação dos principais problemas de perdas, constitui uma etapa preliminar crucial para a definição de um plano de gestão de perdas de água e de energia a médio prazo. No entanto, devido ao facto de várias componentes do balanço serem obtidas por estimativa, são necessárias abordagens que permitam o seu cálculo sistemático e uma avaliação da qualidade dos resultados com vista à redução das incertezas e a uma melhor avaliação da dimensão do problema. Este artigo analisa a incerteza das componentes do balanço hídrico, identifica alguns fatores que podem influenciar a qualidade da medição da água entrada e faz uma análise de sensibilidade ao indicador de perdas aparentes num conjunto de 22 entidades gestoras de sistemas de distribuição de água. Despite the high quality of service provided nowadays by drinking water supply systems in Portugal, the value of non-revenue water in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) has been practically constant and with a poor service level in last years. The water balance is a standard for assessing system input volume, billed consumption and non-revenue water components in DWDS. Reliable quantification of non-revenue water components, for identification of the main problems, is an essential preliminary step in the definition of a plan for water loss and energy management in a medium-term horizon. However, because several components of the water balance are obtained by estimation, approaches are necessary to enable them to be systematically calculated and to evaluate the quality of results to reduce uncertainties and to better assess the water loss problems. This paper analyses the uncertainty associated with water balance components and the results of the apparent loss performance indicator in a set of 22 DWDS to establish reference values.

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