Controlling taste and odour events for the city of Philadelphia, USA: a case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gary Burlingame ◽  
Erin Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The City

The overall goal of this case study is to describe the history and present methods that the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) uses to address its on-going earthy and musty drinking water T&O problems. The Philadelphia Water Department has developed a baseline for its water's aesthetic qualities since the early 1980’s. Philadelphia feels it has sufficient resources to control taste and odour problems. However, when directly asked, only 61–64% of the consumers are satisfied with the taste and odour of Philadelphia's drinking waters. A taste and odour early warning system is being developed for the two drinking water sources, the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Secondly, routine T&O panels and chemical analysis of geosmin and MIB are completed. Since the year 2000, 10 ng/L has become an early warning wake-up call for PWD. When higher levels are observed, testing is a priority, the source of the T&O is investigated and consumer complaints are monitored carefully. Present water treatment plants are conventional with chlorine disinfection, coagulation/sedimentation, rapid dual media filtration and final chloramination. The PWD uses powdered activated carbon, river water bypass and hydraulic changes in the distribution system to minimise odour events.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Fluoride Levels for a City in Northern Mexico (Durango) Determined Using a Direct Electrochemical Method and Their Potential Effects on Oral Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Molina Frechero ◽  
Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Enrique Castañeda Castaneira ◽  
Anastasio Oropeza Oropeza ◽  
Enrique Gaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Fluoride is ingested primarily through consuming drinking water. When drinking water contains fluoride concentrations >0.7 parts per million (ppm), consuming such water can be toxic to the human body; this toxicity is called “fluorosis.” Therefore, it is critical to determine the fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The objective of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of the city of Durango. The wells that supply the drinking water distribution system for the city of Durango were studied. One hundred eighty-nine (189) water samples were analyzed, and the fluoride concentration in each sample was quantified as established by the law NMX-AA-077-SCFI-2001. The fluoride concentrations in such samples varied between 2.22 and 7.23 ppm with a 4.313 ± 1.318 ppm mean concentration. The highest values were observed in the northern area of the city, with a 5.001 ± 2.669 ppm mean value. The samples produced values that exceeded the national standard for fluoride in drinking water. Chronic exposure to fluoride at such concentrations produces harmful health effects, the first sign of which is dental fluorosis. Therefore, it is essential that the government authorities implement water defluoridation programs and take preventative measures to reduce the ingestion of this toxic halogen.

Understanding and forecasting taste-and-odour formation in a drinking water distribution system: case study of Lyon (France)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Corbi ◽  
Valérie Jacquemet ◽  
Alain Quendo ◽  
Francine Manciot ◽  
Adeline Lamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
First Results ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

Lyon, France has the opportunity to distribute in abundance a groundwater resource with a good quality for drinking water. However, the length and the complexity of the distribution network can lead to consumer complaints in some areas of the water distribution system. In order to improve the organoleptic quality of distributed water, the water supplier wants to get a better understanding of potential taste and odour formation and to succeed in controlling it. Since 2006, activities have been taken with targeted analyses and sensory evaluation of water, taking into account both the consumers' private networks and the citywide distribution network. The first results were focused on the occurrence of bromophenols along the water distribution system, the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of such compounds, as well as their incidence on taste-and-odour events at the consumer's home.

scholarly journals Wastewater-based Epidemiology – Possible Approach for the Prevalence Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 in the Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Krivonakova ◽  
Andrea Soltysova ◽  
Michal Tamas ◽  
Zdenko Takac ◽  
Ján Krahulec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The City ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerges to intensive scientific research and monitoring of wastewaters because of their possible important role in identifying and early warning of a spread of the virus in the community. In our study, we investigated the prevalence of the COVID-19 disease in the population of the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava, based on wastewater monitoring from September 2020 until March 2021. Samples were analyzed from two major wastewater treatment plants of the city with reaching nearly 0.6 million monitored inhabitants. Obtained results from the wastewater analysis suggest significant statistical dependence. High correlations between the number of viral particles in wastewater and the number of reported positive nasopharyngeal RT-qPCR tests of infected individuals with a time lag of 2 weeks / 12 days (R2 = 83.78% / R2 = 52.65%) as well as with a reported number of death cases with a time lag of 4 weeks / 27 days (R2 = 83.21% / R2 = 61.89%) was observed. The obtained results and subsequent mathematical modeling will serve in the future as an early warning system for the occurrence of a local site of infection and, at the same time, predict the load on the health system up to two weeks in advance.

scholarly journals Fluorine in natural waters of the Odesa region: Medicaland geographical analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 346-357
Author(s):  
Valentina Trigub
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
High Fluorine Content ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
The City

The study of fluorine content in the natural waters of the Odesa region was carried out. The content of fluorine in the waters of the centralized and non-centralized drinking waters supply of the Odesa region and the city of Odesa is determined. Areas with low and high fluorine content are found. Very low fluorine content is determined in Kiliyskyi, Bilyaivskyi, Kodimskyi and Savranskyi districts of the Odessa region. High fluorine content (above MAC) is determined in the Tarutinskiy and Arzizkyi districts. Correlation dependence of fluorine content in drinking water of the Odesa region and indicators of the prevalence of dental diseases (caries and fluorosis of teeth) of the population of the region and the city are established. It is determined that for most districts of the region there is a relationship between the content of fluorine in drinking waters and dental health. In some areas, this dependence is not sufficiently expressed, which is due to the geochemical and ecological characteristics of the territory. It is revealed that for the population of Odesa, who use water with very low fluoride content, high indicators of the disease for caries and fluorosis of teeth are characteristic, which is connected with the allocation of industrial areas with significant anthropogenic loading, including fluorine compounds. One of the possible causes of dental disease, even with optimal fluorine content in drinking water, can be the combination of its action with other chemical elements. Key words: fluorine, drinking water, Odesa region, Odesa city, caries and fluorosis of teeth.

scholarly journals Hotels contingency assessment in Padang city against coastal hazard

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Giani Ananda ◽  
Taufika Ophiyandri ◽  
Abdul Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Coastal Hazard ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
The City

Padang city has a variety of regions including coastal. The city of Padang is very vulnerable to coastal disaster (Coastal Hazard). In response to these statements, it is necessary to optimize the Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) for contingencies against coastal hazard referring to the four major components of MHEWS according to UNISDR. Hotels are kind of many public buildings that may be used as shelters. The purpose of this study is to assess the hotel contingencies in Padang city against coastal hazard. To achieve the goal, some near the beach hotels have been selected as the object of research. The selected hotels are five of four-star hotels, one of one-star hotel, and three for two-star hotels. The research results are processed by qualitative and quantitative analytic methods. The assessment then concludes that contingency afford is effected by the level hotel star. The important things that need to be planned for the hotel contingency against the coastal hazard are the evacuation route map and the signs of evacuation direction in the easy place to find.

Microbiological safety of a small water distribution system: evaluating potentially pathogenic bacteria using advanced sequencing techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Batista ◽  
P. Meynet ◽  
G. P. P. Garcia ◽  
S. A. V. Costa ◽  
J. C. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Intermediate Point ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
The City

Abstract This study evaluated the microbiological safety of the water distribution system of a city in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), population 120,000 inhabitants. During the study, the city suffered a severe drought that had a significant impact on water availability and quality in the river that supplies water to the city. Samples (2 liters) were collected from the distribution system over a period of six months, which included wet and dry months, from three points: the point with the lowest altitude in the distribution network, the farthest point from the water treatment works, and an intermediate point. Free chlorine was measured in situ using a Hach kit. DNA was extracted using a FastDNA Spin Kit Soil (Qbiogene). Advanced sequencing techniques (Ion Torrent) were used to identify and quantify the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria present in the samples. Coliforms and Escherichia coli, indicators currently used worldwide to assess microbiological safety of drinking water, were measured on all samples using an enzyme substrate method (ONPG-MUG Colilert®). Next generation sequencing results retrieved 16SrRNA sequences of E. coli and some potentially pathogenic bacteria, even in the presence of free chlorine. Operational taxonomic units related to pathogenic bacteria were present in all samples from the drinking water distribution system (DWS) and, in general, at high relative abundance (up to 5%). A total of 19 species related to bacterial pathogens were detected. Inadequate operational practices that could affect the microbiological safety of the DWS were identified and discussed. The current paper is the first to evaluate the community of potentially pathogenic bacteria in a real DWS.

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