Chlorine dioxide disinfection by-products in the Nová Bystrica-Čadca-Žilina long distance water supply system

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
J. Kriš ◽  
K. Munka ◽  
E. Büchlerová ◽  
M. Karácsonyová ◽  
L. Gajdoš
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection ◽  
By Products

In a process of water disinfection it is necessary to distinguish between primary disinfection focused on removal or inactivation of microbiological contaminants from raw water, and secondary disinfection focused on maintenance of residual concentration of the disinfector in distribution system. Current practice related to disinfection follows two approaches. The paper presents results from a stage task solution “Research of physical-chemical changes in water quality during its distribution” at the Nová Bystrica-Čadca-Žilina long distance water supply system (LDWSS) focused on the presence of disinfection by-products by using chlorine dioxide.

Functional Reliability Analysis of Post-Earthquake Water Supply System

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Author(s):  
Shuang Hua He
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
First Order Second Moment ◽  
Functional Reliability ◽  
Dependent Demand

Conventional demand-driven models of water supply system are formulated under the assumption that nodal demands are statistic constants, which is not suitable for the cases where nodal pressure is not sufficient for supplying the required demand. An efficient approach for pressure-dependent demand analysis was developed to simulate the hydraulic states of the network for low pressure scenarios, and the mean-first-order-second-moment method was introduced to do the functional reliability analysis of post-earthquake water supply system, which can be applied to further study for seismic performance control analysis of water distribution system.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Planning of Water Distribution neTwork through a Reliability – Based Risk Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna D'Ercole ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Gema Raspati ◽  
Paolo Bertola ◽  
Rita Maria Ugarelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Support Tool

The management of existing water distribution system (WDS) is challenged by ageing of infrastructure, population growth, increasing of urbanization, climate change impacts and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for integrated solutions that support decision makers to plan today, while taking into account the effect of these factors in the mid and long term. The paper is part of a more comprehensive project, where advanced hydraulic analysis for WDS is coupled with a dynamic resources input-output analysis model. The proposed modeling solution can be used to optimize the performance of a water supply system while considering also the energy consumption and consequently the environmental impacts. Therefore, as a support tool in the management of a water supply system also in the intervention planning. Here a possible application is presented for rehabilitation/replacement planning while maximizing the network mechanical reliability and minimizing risk of unsupplied demand and pressure deficit, under given economic constraints.

Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Drinking Water from Eight Systems Using Chlorine Dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Aranda Rodriguez ◽  
Boniface Koudjonou ◽  
Brian Jay ◽  
Guy L. LeBel ◽  
Frank M. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Abstract A study was initiated to determine the presence of organic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). One potential advantage for the use of ClO2 as a disinfectant is the reduced formation of organic DBPs. Generally, water treated with ClO2 produces chlorite and chlorate ions, but there is limited information regarding the presence of halogenated organic DBPs. Eight systems that use chlorine dioxide as part of the water disinfection process were investigated. All systems in this study applied chlorine as a primary or secondary disinfectant in addition to ClO2. To evaluate seasonal and spatial variations, water samples were collected during cold water (February to March 2003) and warm water (July to August 2003) months at five sites for each system: raw water (R, before treatment), treated water (T, after treatment but before distribution), and three points along the same distribution line (D1, D2, D3). Sampling and analysis were conducted according to established protocols. A suite of 27 organic DBPs including haloacetic acids (HAA), trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones, haloacetaldehydes (HA), chloropicrin, and cyanogen chloride were examined. In addition, the concentration of oxyhalides (chlorite and chlorate ions) and auxiliary parameters were also determined. Chlorite was found in treated (T) and distributed (Dx) waters. The chlorite ion levels decreased along the distribution system (T > D1 > D2 > D3). At T sites, the levels ranged from 10 to 870 µg/L (winter), and from 300 to 1,600 µg/L (summer). Chlorite was not found in treated or distributed water in the one system that used ozone. Chlorate ion levels ranged from 20 to 310 µg/L (winter), and 80 to 318 µg/L (summer). Chlorate levels remained relatively constant throughout the distribution system. THM and eight HAA (HAA8) accounted for approximately 85% of the total DBPs (wt/wt) analyzed, followed by total HA (up to 7%) and HAN (3%). THM in distributed water were found at concentrations between 1.8 and 30.6 µg/L (winter), and 3.3 and 93.6 µg/L (summer). For HAA8, the levels ranged from 13 to 52 µg/L (winter), and 16 to 111 µg/L (summer). Chloral hydrate ranged from 0.2 to 5.2 µg/L (winter), and 0.4 to 12.2 µg/L (summer). The temporal and spatial variations observed in previous studies were confirmed in the current study as well.

scholarly journals Exergy Evaluation of a Water Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Jedrzej Bylka ◽  
Tomasz Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in a city. Currently, many cities struggle with a water deficit problem. Water is a commonly available resource and constitutes the majority of land cover; however, its quality, in many cases, makes it impossible to use as drinking water. To treat and distribute water, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of energy to the system. An important goal of water utility operators is to assess the energy efficiency of the processes and components. Energy assessments are usually limited to the calculation of energy dissipation (sometimes called “energy loss”). From a physical point of view, the formulation of “energy loss” is incorrect; energy in water transport systems is not consumed but only transformed (dissipated) into other, less usable forms. In the water supply process, the quality of energy—exergy (ability to convert into another form)—is consumed; hence, a new evaluation approach is needed. The motivation for this study was the fact that there are no tools for exergy evaluation of water distribution systems. A model of the exergy balances for a water distribution system was proposed, which was tested for the selected case studies of a water supply system and a water treatment station. The tool developed allows us to identify the places with the highest exergy destructions. In the analysed case studies, the highest exergy destruction results from excess pressure (3939 kWh in a water supply system and 1082 kWh in a water treatment plant). The exergy analysis is more accurate for assessing the system compared to the commonly used energy-based methods. The result can be used for assessing and planning water supply system modernisation.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Rural Water Supply System Using Loop 4.0 and Water Gems V8i for Nava Shihora Zone 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2258-2266
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Rural Water

The study presents the hydraulic design and analysis of Rural Water Distribution System (WDS) for Nava shihora region of zone 1 of the state of Gujarat, India. Water supply distribution system is designed for this study for population estimated for future 30 years. LOOP 4.0 and Water Gems v8i software have been used and the results are compared to determine the economical size of pipes for water distribution system. The economical size of pipes of water supply distribution system is designed by considering the constraints; residual pressure at each node, velocity of flow in pipe, head loos in pipes, material of pipes, elevated service reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameters. Further water distribution system has been analyzed for extended period simulation (EPS) for the present population scenario for intermittent water supply using Water Gems v8i. Further water supply system is analyzed the residual chlorine concentration at nodes and in the pipe links and also the total cost of water supply system of rural region is estimated.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Planning of Water Distribution Network through a Reliability – Based Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna D'Ercole ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Gema Raspati ◽  
Paolo Bertola ◽  
Rita Maria Ugarelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Support Tool

The management of existing water distribution system (WDS) is challenged by ageing of infrastructure, population growth, increasing of urbanization, climate change impacts and environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need for integrated solutions that support decision makers to plan today, while taking into account the effect of these factors in the mid and long term. The paper is part of a more comprehensive project, where advanced hydraulic analysis for WDS is coupled with a dynamic resources input-output analysis model. The proposed modeling solution can be used to optimize the performance of a water supply system while considering also the energy consumption and consequently the environmental impacts. Therefore, as a support tool in the management of a water supply system also in the intervention planning. Here a possible application is presented for rehabilitation/replacement planning while maximizing the network mechanical reliability and minimizing risk of unsupplied demand and pressure deficit, under given economic constraints.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Risk Assessment of Long Distance Water Supply System

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1762-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
M. Diao ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Research on the water hammer protection of the air vessel caused by underground pipe burst in long distance water supply system

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingtao Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Yu ◽  
Lin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Underground Pipe ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The conventional air vessel installation is usually installed behind the check valve at the upstream end of the pipeline to effectively control the water hammer pressure due to pump trip. However, the water hammer pressure caused by underground pipe burst has been neglected. The water hammer protection of air vessel due to pipe burst in long distance water supply system was discussed in this paper. According to analysis of the process of the pipe burst, the mathematical model of underground pipe burst and air vessel were established. A new air vessel installation that was installed in the middle of the pipeline was proposed. The new air vessel installation was simulated by method of characteristics. Then it was compared with the conventional air vessel when the pump trip and the pipe burst occur respectively. The results show that both the conventional air vessel and the new air vessel can effectively protect the water hammer duo to the pump trip. Moreover, when pipe burst occurs, the conventional air vessel cannot achieve the safe operation of the long distance water supply system. However, under the same air vessel type parameters, the new air vessel installation can effectively protect the water hammer pressure.

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