Sacramento implements guidance for river, growth and demand management

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Charles W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
American River ◽  
The World ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Regional Water

The Sacramento California Region has long enjoyed ample water supplies and popular rivers providing esthetic, recreation and environmental resources. Ground and surface water supplies have been managed by twenty independent management agencies. In the 1980s and 1990s the region experienced dramatic population growth and increased water demand. Environmental organizations sought to preserve the environmental values of the Lower American River. Six years of negotiation resulted in the Water Forum Agreement, a memorandum of understanding signed by business and agricultural leaders, citizens groups, environmentalists, water managers, and local governments to fulfill two co-equal objectives: (i) to provide a reliable and safe water supply for the region's economic health and planned development to the year 2030; and (ii) to preserve the fishery, wildlife, recreational, and aesthetic values of the Lower American River. This paper describes three major parameters guiding the water future of the Sacramento Region, which may be a model for other regions of the world: (1) the seven policy elements of the Water Forum Agreement; (2) the Regional Water Authority (RWA) and the Sacramento Groundwater Authority help to implement the policies of the Water Forum Agreement; (3) RWA's regional water efficiency program provides “pick and choose” water efficiency measures to twenty water suppliers in three counties.

What's your story? Practitioners' tacit knowledge and water demand management policies in southern Africa and Canada

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Consumption Rates

Water efficiency research has focused on consumption rates and the tools—for example, pricing—designed to modify consumers' demand. But municipal practitioners can also be a highly influential group and have been neglected in the conventional water demand management (WDM) research. To understand better how to make WDM policy implementation more successful, practitioners “tacit knowledge” must be identified and examined. Tacit knowledge consists of deep beliefs and values about the way the world works and is important. Grounded in practical experience, tacit knowledge is informal, unspoken and often difficult to articulate. People may not even be consciously aware of their tacit knowledge; rather, their deepest beliefs and values operate as an implicit and unquestioned background understanding that shapes how they see the world and act within it. Tacit knowledge influences why practitioners are concerned about WDM, how they act on that concern and what they say about the issue when they talk to their colleagues. Identifying and understanding the potential influence of tacit knowledge would be tremendously valuable for day-to-day practices in growing municipalities and for government agencies that are responsible for infrastructure and sustainable development. By understanding practitioners' learning processes, their rationale for action and the organizational cultures in which they operate, it will be possible to make more informed policy recommendations.

Results of the largest residential demand management program in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turner ◽  
S. White ◽  
K. Beatty ◽  
A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Total Saving ◽  
Income Category ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Residential Demand

This paper provides details and the results of an evaluation study carried out on the largest residential demand management program in Australia, the Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) ‘Every Drop Counts’ (EDC) residential retrofit program. The evaluation measured the water savings of program participants and compared them to a control group. Savings of 20.9 ± 2.5 kilolitres per household per annum (kL/hh/a) were found from statistical analysis of water meter readings of the sample of single residential households analysed. These individual savings effectively provide SWC with a potential total saving of 3,344 ± 400 megalitres per annum (ML/a) for the single residential houses retrofitted alone, i.e. 80% of the 200,000 households retrofitted to date. The evaluation identified that no ‘decay’ in average savings were found over the maximum four year period assessed. Other factors evaluated during the study included: analysis of individual water efficiency measures; comparison of savings with other evaluations; and savings related to occupancy ratio, geographical grouping, income category and defined socioeconomic categories.

WATER SUPPLIES FOR AUCKLAND - PREDICT AND PROVIDE OR CONSERVE AND CONTAIN?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Taylor ◽  
James Hodges
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Auckland Region

Potable water services are provided to the population of 1.2m residents in the Auckland region of New Zealand by one wholesaler and six retailers. Forecasts for water demand suggest that a major new resource will be required by 2025 but that resource has not been identified at this time. Water efficiency techniques could defer this major capital investment. The paper discusses the region's water industry and the strategic investigations into water efficient alternatives to date.

Assessment of real losses in potable water distribution systems: some recent developments

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McKenzie ◽  
C. Seago
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Losses

Considerable progress has been made over the past 10 years in the assessment and benchmarking of real losses in potable water distribution systems. Most of the advances have been based on the burst and background estimate (BABE) methodology, which was first developed in the mid-1990s by the UK water industry and has since been widely accepted and used in many parts of the world. Since the original BABE methodology was developed, several other key concepts have been added to the evergrowing list of water demand management tools. In particular, the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) and unavoidable annual real losses (UARL) introduced by A. Lambert, and the fixed area variable area discharge (FAVAD) theory by J. May, are now recognised as key “tools of the trade” in any water demand management assessment. One of the first main developments where the above-mentioned concepts were applied in practice to benchmark leakage was in South Africa, where the local Water Research Commission supported the production of the BENCHLEAK Model. This was basically the first comprehensive model to assess real losses in potable water distribution systems using the UARL and ILI concepts. The model was developed by one of the authors together with A. Lambert, and was soon followed by similar developments in Australia (BENCHLOSS) and New Zealand (BENCHLOSSNZ). Both models incorporated additions and enhancements to the original South African model, and were tailored to suit the local conditions in line with the clients' requirements. Similar developments took place in parallel by various leakage specialists, most notably in Brazil, Malaysia and Cyprus, to mention just a few of the similar initiatives. Each time a new model was developed, certain improvements were made and the “science” of leakage management and benchmarking was enhanced. Through the use of the different models and from discussions with various researchers from around the world, it has become clear that there is a genuine need for such models, and they are being readily accepted by clients in most areas. The discussions have also raised many questions concerning the derivation of the terms used to calculate the UARL and the ILI, and, to address these concerns a specialist group was created through the IWA to investigate the various issues. This paper will highlight the progress that has been made to date with regard to the key issues that have been raised by the task-team members, and recommendations based on the feedback that has been received from around the world. The paper will also present some of the results that have been obtained from different parts of the world to highlight both the progress and the problems associated with the assessment of real losses. The paper will conclude with a short description of several new models that have been developed and are in use, which demonstrate the latest improvements to an ongoing process to assess and benchmark real losses in water distribution systems.

scholarly journals Campus Study of the Impact of Ultra-Low Flush Toilets on Sewerage Networks and Water Usage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Peter Melville-Shreeve ◽  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
Alex Newman ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Annual Cost Saving ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Water demand management often focuses on quantifying the benefits of water efficiency rather than the potential impact of reduced flows on the sewer network. This study assessed the impact of a high-density deployment of ultra-low flush toilets (ULFT). A pre-installation washroom survey was carried out in July 2018. Water demand and sewer network condition were assessed ahead of the installation of 119 ULFTs and a real-time monitoring system across seven buildings on the University of Exeter campus. ULFTs were flushed 257,925 times in 177 days saving an estimated 2287 m3 per annum (compared to traditional 6 litre WCs). The annual cost saving of this reduction is approximately £12,580/annum, assuming a volumetric cost of £5.50/m3 of water. Mean discharge to the sewer network reduced by 6 m3/day. In the six-month period, 95 maintenance issues were reported, equating to 1 in 2700 flushes (0.037%). However, the frequency of incidents decreased after an initial commissioning period. There is no evidence, from blockage reports or photographs of manhole flow conditions, that the risk of blockage in the sewer network increased as a result of the ULFT installation programme.

NEW STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE EFFICIENT WATER USE BY NEW BUSINESSES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Pike
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
New Business ◽  
Business Customers

The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) provides approximately 225,000 acre feet of water per year to 1.3 million people and 22,000 commercial, institutional and industrial accounts near San Francisco Bay, California. As part of its aggressive demand management program, EBMUD offers business customers on-site inspections and financial assistance to convert existing water using equipment and processes to more water efficient technology. EBMUD would like to:Interact with sponsors of new commercial sites before construction begins.Employ high efficiency water use technology at the beginning of the business operation rather than retrofitting equipment at a later date.Benefit the customer by improving production output while reducing operating costs involving water, sewerage and energy.Make more effective use of EBMUD rate payer dollars. This new approach is called: WaterSmart Guidelines for New Business and includes:A guidebook describing updated water efficient technology for fourteen water using technologies employed in twenty types of business operationsTechnical requirements and recommendations regarding water efficiency for designers of new business facilitiesChecklists of water efficiency measures to be used by officials considering new applications for water service.A marketing plan to reach prospective business customers

Bringing the Real World of Science to Children: A Partnership of the American Museum of Natural History and the City University of New York

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G Picciano ◽  
Robert V. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Museum ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Every child has a right to an education. In the United States, the issue is not necessarily about access to a school but access to a quality education. With strict compulsory education laws, more than 50 million students enrolled in primary and secondary schools, and billions of dollars spent annually on public and private education, American children surely have access to buildings and classrooms. However, because of a complex and competitive system of shared policymaking among national, state, and local governments, not all schools are created equal nor are equal education opportunities available for the poor, minorities, and underprivileged. One manifestation of this inequity is the lack of qualified teachers in many urban and rural schools to teach certain subjects such as science, mathematics, and technology. The purpose of this article is to describe a partnership model between two major institutions (The American Museum of Natural History and The City University of New York) and the program designed to improve the way teachers are trained and children are taught and introduced to the world of science. These two institutions have partnered on various projects over the years to expand educational opportunity especially in the teaching of science. One of the more successful projects is Seminars on Science (SoS), an online teacher education and professional development program, that connects teachers across the United States and around the world to cutting-edge research and provides them with powerful classroom resources. This article provides the institutional perspectives, the challenges and the strategies that fostered this partnership.

Ч. АЙТМАТОВДУН «ТООЛОР КУЛАГАНДА» РОМАНЫНДАГЫ ПЕЙЗАЖДЫК СҮРӨТТӨӨЛӨР

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Н. Алтыкеева ◽  
Б. Ниясалиева
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Аннотация. Макалада романдын мазмунунан орун алган пейзаждык сүрөттөөлөр талкууланат. Пейзаждык сүрөттөөлөр чыгарманын көркөмдүүлүгүн, эстетикалык баалуулугун арттыруу менен катар эле каармандардын образын тереңден ачып берүүдө, окуялардын өнүгүп-өсүшү жана алдыда боло турган окуялар тууралуу окурманга маалымат берүүдө кошумча каражат катары колдонулат. Жазуучу романда пейзаждык сүрөттөөлөрдү өтө кылдат колдонгону байкалат. Алсак, тоо адамдагы улуулук жана бийиктикти айгинелейт, толукшуган ай жан- дүйнөнүн бөксөрбөй толуп турушун көрсөтөт, ачык асмандын алай-дүлөй түшкөн көрүнүшкө айланышы - каармандын ички сезими, уйгу-туйгу ойлонуусу, жан дүйнөсүнүн бурганак болушун ачып көрсөтүүдө маанилүү болсо, чабалекейлердин тынымсыз учуп чабалакташы, жан алакетке түшүп чыйпылдашы – алдыда боло турган кырсыктуу окуя тууралуу кабар берсе, согуштун апааты жашыл шибердин, бак-дарактардын күлгө айланышы, чымчык-куштардын күздү күтпөй кайдадыр учуп кетип жатышы менен түшүндүрүлөт. Tүйүндүү сөздөр: пейзаж. роман, идея, легенда, эпилог, каарман, негизги окуялар. Аннотация. В статье дается пейзажное описание. Пейзажное описание используется в произведении как дополнительное средство эстетических ценностей и помогает раскрыть образы героев, и действия произведения. Писатель в романе тонко использует пейзажное описание. Например горы возвышенное и самое ценное в человеке, а полная луна – счастливое душевное состояние человека, а превращение безоблачного неба в бущующий вид – указывает, как неспокойно в душе главного героя, его беспокойные мысли, как бушует его внутренний мир, а ласточки неспокойно летающие, предвещают несчастье, птицы улетающие раньше времени, превращение зелёной травы, деревьев в пепел предвещают ужасы войны. Ключевые слова: пейзаж. роман, идея, легенда, эпилог, герой, главное событие Annotation. The article discusses the landscape description. The landscape description is used in the work as an additional tool for aesthetic values and helps to reveal the images of heroes, and in the development of the action of the work/ The writer in the novel subtly uses the landscape description. The mountains are the sublime and the most valuable in a person, and the full moon is a happy state of mind of a person, and the transformation of a cloudless sky into a raging view indicates how restless the soul of the protagonist is, his restless thoughts. How his inner world is raging, and the swallows are restlessly flying, foreshadow the misfortune, the birds flying away ahead of time, the transformation of green grass, trees in the forehead the horrors of war. This article describes the idea of the story "Do not kill" which is given instead of the epilogue in the novel "When the mountains fall" which was written by Ch.Aitmatov. It considers the role of a story that calls to live in peace and to end wars that are occurring in the world. Keywords: Landscapе, novel, idea, legend, epilogue, hero, main event.

Water demand management - philosophy or implementation?

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
J.S. Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
African Context

This paper describes the introduction of water demand management in the southern African context. Originally a response to drought conditions, water demand management is now a key element in Rand Water's strategy of water cycle management - a mix of interventions that (holistically and continuously) keep the water industry viable and sustainable. This experience points to awareness and community education programmes being an essential companion to the technical interventions such as leakage reduction measures.

Social interaction in water demand management implementation

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
J.S. Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Education Project ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Efficient Water Use

This article describes a successful awareness and education project undertaken in an East Rand township by the Water Cycle Management Section of Rand Water. The Project's focus was to create awareness in the community of the broad concept of water cycle management within an environment and to transfer skills to community members (facilitators) who could then assist in ensuring effective and efficient water use.

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