Assessing the relevance of intervening parameters on the per capita water consumption rates in Brazilian urban communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Lourdes Fernandes Neto ◽  
M. Naghettini ◽  
M. von Sperling ◽  
M. Libânio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Intervening Factors ◽  
Water Metering

The determination of the per capita water consumption is an essential step in the design of water supply systems. The present paper examines the influence of several variables on the per capita water consumption, based on 96 different towns in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The set of samples was categorised firstly into five different classes and three distinct population intervals and, finally, was presented in overall terms. The paper also attempts to explain the relative influence of the intervening factors for each population range, and presents a multivariate regression model for the per capita water consumption rates for towns with populations ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. For this population range, the significant variables were: (a) percentage of water metering, (b) water tariff, and (c) energy consumption by commercial and industrial activities.

scholarly journals Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems: The Issue of Dataset Collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8219
Author(s):  
Andrea Menapace ◽  
Ariele Zanfei ◽  
Manuel Felicetti ◽  
Diego Avesani ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Supply Systems

Developing data-driven models for bursts detection is currently a demanding challenge for efficient and sustainable management of water supply systems. The main limit in the progress of these models lies in the large amount of accurate data required. The aim is to present a methodology for the generation of reliable data, which are fundamental to train anomaly detection models and set alarms. Thus, the results of the proposed methodology is to provide suitable water consumption data. The presented procedure consists of stochastic modelling of water request and hydraulic pipes bursts simulation to yield suitable synthetic time series of flow rates, for instance, inlet flows of district metered areas and small water supply systems. The water request is obtained through the superimposition of different components, such as the daily, the weekly, and the yearly trends jointly with a random normal distributed component based on the consumption mean and variance, and the number of users aggregation. The resulting request is implemented into the hydraulic model of the distribution system, also embedding background leaks and bursts using a pressure-driven approach with both concentrated and distributed demand schemes. This work seeks to close the gap in the field of synthetic generation of drinking water consumption data, by establishing a proper dedicated methodology that aims to support future water smart grids.

scholarly journals Information technologies implementation for reducing water losses in water supply systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Dmitry Serov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian Water ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

The article discusses the elements of an automated system for collecting, storing and transmitting data on water consumption, modern metering devices, data collection and transmission devices. The author analyzes the shortcomings of existing accounting and analysis automation systems at Russian water utilities. A comprehensive approach to automated systems in the field of water consumption accounting is proposed. The article considers the experience of the State unitary enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” in the sphere development and application of a single automated complex for diagnostics, monitoring and management of the water supply network. The goals and main functions of the complex are revealed, the main stages and results of its implementation are presented.

scholarly journals ABOUT FEATURES OF WATER CONSUMPTION CALCULATION WHEN DESIGNING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Sayriddin Sh. SAYRIDDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Research And Design

This article discusses the hydraulic and technological features of calculating water consumption when designing water supply systems for high-rise buildings in order to increase the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected object. The basic criteria for the operation of water supply systems for high-rise buildings in accordance with modern requirements of regulatory documents are given. The technological need is justifi ed and completed operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of methods determination of water consumption to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems of high-rise buildings. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for determining the cost of internal water supply performed by various research and design institutes are indicated.

scholarly journals Analysis of radon and radium content in springs of the city of Ekaterinburg and its outskirts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Gamma Line ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Supply Systems

Despite development of central water supply systems, springs still remain to be important sources of drinking water. In this work, the study of water quality in springs of Yekaterinburg city and its settlements was performed with the attention to radiological factor. Activity concentrations of radium-226 were determined in water of 20 springs. Methods. Determination of the radon-222 activities of was performed using gamma-spectrometry vis the equilibrium bismuth-214 gamma line. To determine radium-226, 5-liter water samples were taken, the radium was preconcentrated on a T-5 sorbent; then radium was separated on a thinlayer MnO2-PE sorbent followed by measurement on an alpha spectrometer. Results. In the vast majority of cases, activity concentrations of radium-226 were lower than the detection limit (0.3 Bq/L); the maximal activity concentration of 1.03 ± 0.27 was found that corresponded to the internal dose of 0.21 ± 0.05 μSv/y due to daily consumption of this water. No correlations were found between content of radium-226 and concentrations of radon-222, uranium-238 and alkaline earth ions. At the period of 09.2020 – 06.2021, monitoring of radon activity was performed in seven springs with previously found high radon content. Significant seasonal variations of radon activity were found; for some springs the difference between the minimal and the maximal activity reached 3. In the most cases, increase of radon activity occurred in water during winter that can be explained by both an increase of radon solubility in cold water and a decrease of flowrate.

Identification of opportunities to improve efficiency by water consumption assessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
S.L. Diás ◽  
H. Lucas ◽  
M.do Céu Almeida ◽  
H. Alegre ◽  
M. Vriato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Water Uses

Characterization of water demand can be of large value for the management of water supply systems. Especially when water resources are limited, permanently or seasonally, the identification of the types of consumers and its characteristics are essential to identify opportunities to promote efficiency and demand management options. For each customer category, information to be obtained includes individual uses, typical daily usage patterns (average and dispersion), specific characteristics and magnitude. Knowledge and systematization of water uses also provides data to improve water balance and thus allows reducing uncertainty in losses estimation. In this paper, a study carried out in Algarve, a region where stress on water supply resources has been increasing, is presented aiming at better characterise water consumption in the region to improve response both to normal and in emergency situations.

scholarly journals Choice of a Mineral Sediments’ Inhibitor in Industrial Closed Water Supply Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Criteria for choosing agents based on organophosphonats for water treatment in the closed industrial water supply systems have been proposed. A method for determination of the agents optimal doze for decreasing of the mineral sediments quantity in different composition water has been developed. Economic and ecological expedience of the above said agents’ application in industrial water supply has been shown.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Arkady N. KIM ◽  
Elena O. GRAFOVA ◽  
Yury P. EFTIFEEV
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Reagent Treatment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Supply Systems

On the example of single-industry towns of the Republic of Karelia the article shows the possibility of restoring the activities of enterprises depending on the state of engineering support of water supply systems. There was a decrease in water consumption, high wear of water treatment plants, the lack of reagent treatment of colored water and, as a result, ineffi cient operation of facilities. It is shown that the reconstruction is possible with the application of the investment program. Projects have been developed for the reconstruction of the technological scheme for purifying low-turbid, high-color water and creating a circulating system for cleaning the wash water of contact illuminators.

scholarly journals Determination of the Sensor Placement for Detection Water Quality Problems in Water Supply Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Chan Wook Lee ◽  
Yong Jun Lee ◽  
Ji Seung Park ◽  
Do Guen Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

The importance of water quality management in pipes has been recently highlighted through the "Red-water phenomenon" in the city of Incheon. This study proposed a methodology for determining the location of measuring instruments during abnormal water quality issues. The proposed method focuses on analyzing the sensitivity of the flow path through a pipe. Additionally, this flow sensitivity through the tube is analyzed by considering both normal and abnormal conditions. The sensitivity of a pipe is the rate at which the water-flow direction changes. Further, a tube with low sensitivity under normal conditions but high sensitivity under abnormal conditions is the pipe for which the instrument should be first installed. The results were analyzed by applying the proposed methodology to a conventional virtual network. It is expected that, in future, the proposed method for determining the location of water quality gauges could be a useful tool for determining the location of instruments during emergencies.

scholarly journals The management system of water supply in the cities of Donbass

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Viktor Maslak ◽  
Nadiya Nasonkina ◽  
Svetlana Antonenko ◽  
Marina Gutarova ◽  
Alyona Tryakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Accuracy Class ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Supply Systems

During more than twenty years, survey of water supply systems in the cities of Donbass was conducted. The aim of the study was to develop a strategy for managing this sector, which allows for precise monitoring of water consumption and reducing water loss. In the course of the research, water consumption metering was carried out using counters, the operation of the devices was assessed taking into account the accuracy class and installation features. It is established that the actual value of water consumption is below the standard. The water consumption decreases with an increase in the percentage of installation of water meters and with an increase in the number of tenants in an apartment. The need to bring the general house and intra-apartment meters to the same accuracy class and regulate the installation position of the water meter was identified. Based on the optimization of conditions, the program management of water supply systems by means of zoning territories and the installation of ’’clever’’ meters was proposed. Approbation of the water supply management strategy allowed within the project to reduce water losses by 20% and use the technological reserve for the modernization of the water supply system.

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