Phosphorus removal with membrane filtration for surface water treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dietze ◽  
U. Wiesmann ◽  
R. Gnirß
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Degree

Surface water such as aquifers, recreational waters and rivers are often loaded by inflows with low quality, so that drinking water production, swimming or ground water charging must be restricted. To ensure the long-term use it is necessary to treat the influents or the water used for ground water charging. The current treatment process for phosphorus and turbidity removal is a combination of precipitation/coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration. By using this conventional method it is possible to reduce the dissolved ortho-phosphate and the turbidity (particulate phosphorus) as well as the amounts of algae and pathogenic organisms to very low concentrations. The high degree of reduction in this process is only achieved by a relatively high dosage of coagulants and flocculants. Such a process has been used for nearly 20 years by the Berliner Wasserbetriebe. In this study a comparison will be made between this process, which represents the state-of-the-art, and the combination of precipitation/coagulation with dead-end membrane filtration (micro-/ultrafiltration) concerning water quality and costs. The results show that it is possible to reach similar levels of phosphorus removal as with floc filtration. However, floc filtration requires significantly higher amounts of chemicals (coagulants and flocculants). No flocculants are used for membrane filtration. But the estimated costs for the membrane based process are at 0.17 €/m3 probably a little more expensive. However, the excellent permeate quality is much better at the values of suspended solids and micro-biological organisms.

Phosphorus removal with membrane filtration for surface water treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dietze ◽  
R. Gnirß ◽  
U. Wiesmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
High Degree

Surface waters are often burdened with inflows of low quality water, so that drinking-water production, swimming or ground water charging must be restricted. To ensure the long-term use of such surface water it is necessary to treat the influents or the water used for ground water charging. The current treatment process for phosphorus and turbidity removal is a process combination called floc filtration. By using this conventional method it is possible to reduce the dissolved ortho-phosphate and the turbidity (particulate phosphorus) as well as the amounts of algae and pathogenic organisms to very low concentrations. The high degree of reduction is only achieved by a relatively high dosage of chemicals. A comparison will be made between this process, which represents the state-of-the-art, and the combination of precipitation/coagulation with micro-/ultrafiltration in dead-end filtration mode.

Direct capillary nanofiltration for ground water and surface water treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Q.J.C. Verberk ◽  
J. Post ◽  
W.G.J. van der Meer ◽  
J.C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Concentration Polarisation

Capillary nanofiltration is a new concept in membrane filtration. This technique combines the advantages of the good water quality obtained from nanofiltration membranes with the easy hydraulic cleaning of capillary membranes. Direct capillary nanofiltration can be used to treat ground water or surface water without pre-treatment. At the Delft University of Technology several MSc-thesis projects have been carried out on this subject. This paper will describe some results of these studies. A model based on a mass balance to predict the flux of a capillary nanofiltration installation treating groundwater is proposed. In this model the only resistance taken into account is the concentration polarisation. Also a model to predict the flux when treating surface water has been developed. This model takes into account the resistance due to cake filtration.

scholarly journals Performance of a novel recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration process for tetracycline-polluted surface water treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Wang ◽  
Hui Jia ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Wenjin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Personal Care Product ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Scale Experiment

A recycling magnetic flocculation membrane filtration (RMFMF) process integrating circulating coagulation, magnetic enhanced flocculation and membrane filtration was investigated for the treatment of surface water micro-polluted by tetracycline, a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product. A bench-scale experiment was conducted and several water quality parameters including turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), total organic carbon and tetracycline concentration were evaluated, taking coagulation membrane filtration and magnetic flocculation membrane filtration processes as reference treatments. The experimental results showed that at the optimum doses of 20 mg·L−1 ferric chloride (FeCl3), 4 mg·L−1 magnetite (Fe3O4) and 6 mg·L−1 reclaimed magnetic flocs in RMFMF processes, removal efficiencies of above evaluated parameters ranged from 55.8% to 92.9%, which performed best. Simultaneously, the largest average particle size of 484.71 μm and the highest fractal dimension of 1.37 of flocs were achieved, which did not only present the best coagulation effect helpful in enhancing the performance of removing multiple contaminants, but also lead to the generation of loose and porous cake layers favouring reduced permeate flux decline and membrane fouling.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the adsorption process in removing organic substances in a pilot flow-type surface water treatment system

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wolska ◽  
Marek Mołczan ◽  
Sławomir Szerzyna ◽  
Wojciech Adamski ◽  
Jacek Wiśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Different Levels

This article presents the results of the adsorption process effectiveness in treating surface water, especially in removing organic substances. The effectiveness of the adsorption system was evaluated at different levels of adsorption capacity exhaustion of the activated carbon bed, which was possible due to replacement of the beds during the study period. Studies have shown that among the removed substances, chlorinated disinfection byproduct precursors dominated, and during the period preceding bed replacement, the biological activity of microorganism populating the activated carbon ensured a reduction in not only organic but also non-organic food substrates. In such a adsorption bed populated with microorganism a nitrification process took place, indicating a high degree of process stability. Replacing the adsorption beds provided a significant increase in the effectiveness of removing organic substances, especially those absorbing UV light, therefore removing chlorinated organic disinfection by-product precursors.

Assessment of Staphylococcus Bacteria in Hawaii's Marine Recreational Waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naowarut Charoenca ◽  
Roger S. Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Staphylococcal Skin Infections ◽  
The Stability

Several media to specifically recover staphylococcus from marine recreational waters in Hawaii were evaluated. The membrane filtration method using Vogel-Johnson and Tellurite Glycine Agar media supplemented with 0.005% sodium azide were shown to quantitatively recover total staphylococcus and S. aureus from marine recreational waters. Beaches in Hawaii were determined to contain high or low concentrations of staphylococci based on Favero's proposed standard of 100 staphylococci/100 ml as the maximum allowable concentration. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels of total staphylococci were significantly correlated with that of S. aureus and with swimmer density. Staphylococci were recovered from beach waters throughout the day, including evening hours, indicating the stability of these bacteria in marine waters. Moreover, the antibiotic sensitivity patterns and phage types of S. aureus isolates from marine waters and from clinical human skin cultures were similar. These results support the hypothesis that recreational waters can serve as vehicles for the transmission of staphylococcal skin infections.

scholarly journals Isolation of animal viruses from farm livestock waste, soil and water

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Derbyshire ◽  
E. G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Porcine Enterovirus ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Farm Livestock ◽  
Calf Rearing

SummaryTen porcine enteroviruses, 2 porcine adenoviruses and 1 coronavirus were isolated directly from 32 samples ofslurry collected from a pig fattening house. Concentration of the same samples by adsorption with the polyelectrolyte PE-60 yielded 24 porcine enteroviruses and 3 porcine adenoviruses. A porcine enterovirus was isolated, following PE-60 concentration, from 1 of 6 slurry samples from a sow farrowing house. No virus was isolated from 12 samples of slurry from dairy cows nor from 6 slurry samples from a calf-rearing unit. A porcine enterovirus was isolated from soil samples, after concentration with PE-60, collected 1, 2 and 8 days after pig slurry was spread on hay stubble. Two porcine enteroviruses were isolated by membrane filtration from 26 samples of surface run-off from land on which pig slurry was routinely spread, and 2 bovine enteroviruses were isolated from cattle feedlot run-off after adsorption to layers of talc and celite followed by hydroextraction. A porcine enterovirus was also isolated from 1 of 33 samples of surface water collected on farms on which pig slurry was routinely spread on the land, but no virus was isolated from 36 samples of ground water from the same farms. The surface water and ground water samples were concentrated by talc-celite adsorption and hydroextraction.

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