Reclaimed water reuse in the Mediterranean region: some considerations on water resources, standards and bacterial re-growth phenomena

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nurizzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Economical Feasibility

Problems related to wastewater reclamation and reuse in the countries of the Mediterranean region are discussed with reference to growing conflicts among agriculture, tourism, cities and industries. All reuse options are strongly influenced by requested water quality, especially the microbiological one, and for this reason standards for reclaimed water have to be fixed having in mind both the safety of reuse and its practical and economical feasibility. The paper will discuss, as an example of a type of approach, also the regulations' evolution with reference to the Italian situation. Some considerations on the feasibility of current indicator bacteria will be done, making reference also to the bacterial re-growth potential associated with various disinfection agents and to the applicability of advanced methods capable to individuate partially damaged cells and therefore useful to a better evaluation of the possible re-growth phenomena.

Ultrafiltration combined with ozone for domestic laundry wastewater reclamation and reuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Seo ◽  
T.S. Lee ◽  
B.H. Moon ◽  
J.H. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Filtration Area ◽  
Injection Interval ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ozone Injection

Ozone was incorporated into an ultrafiltration system to produce higher quality reclaimed water from domestic laundry wastewater. Characteristics of the wastewater for initial washing waste were 488~2,847 mg/L COD, 62~674 mg/L MBAS, and 38~857 mg/L SS. The wastewater was contacted with ozone in a 10L storage tank and circulated through the membrane module for inner pressurized cross-flow filtration. The concentrate was returned back to the contact tank. The membrane used in this experiment was hollow fiber polysulfone UF membrane with MWCO 5,000 and 10,000. It has an effective filtration area of 0.06m2. The experiment was carried out in two phases with either continuous or intermittent ozone injection. For intermittent ozone injection, the mode of injection interval was changed to 5 min./5 min. and 5 min./10 min. for injection/idling. Ozone was dosed at the concentration of 1.5 mg/L. The permeate quality of UF (MWCO 5,000) was 57 mg/L as COD and 5 mg/L as MBAS at continuous ozone injection with removal of 95% in COD and 96.9% in MBAS. Using UF with MWCO 10,000, it was 93.7% and 95.5% of COD and MBAS, respectively. And using intermittent ozone injection, the removal efficiency was 93% in COD and 93.5% in MBAS without any deterioration in COD and MBAS removal. It could reduce the treatment cost. Using ozone injection, fouling of the membrane was also controlled by increasing organic degradation. The flux of UF (MWCO 5,000 and 10,000) was 0.13 and 0.20 m/d for 3 hour filtration (TMP 40≈45 kPa) without ozone injection. It was increased to 0.18 and 0.24m/d by ozone injection. The reclaimed water quality could be estimated well enough to reuse for rinsing purposes.

scholarly journals Perception welfare assessment of water reuse in competitive categories

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Zabala ◽  
Mª Dolores de Miguel ◽  
José M. Martínez-Paz ◽  
Francisco Alcon
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Reuse Options

Abstract The supply of reclaimed water to ecosystems increases their ecosystem service flows, which is directly translated into terms of social welfare. This study explores the factors that determine the different perceptions of the welfare impact of supplying reclaimed water to different, and competitive, ecosystems in the Segura River Basin (southern Spain): specifically, an agroecosystem (agricultural irrigation) and a river (higher river flow). The results of a contingent valuation exercise with the population of the Murcia Region show four different groups of respondents, depending on their willingness to pay (WTP) preferences. The factors that identify differences among welfare impacts are the age, the gender, the education level, the monthly income, the nearness of the household to the river, and, above all, the degree of satisfaction with funding of water reclamation. This study broadens our knowledge of individuals' heterogeneous preferences in water reuse options, which is crucial for policy makers in the development of socially accepted and sustainable water resource management strategies.

Performance improvement of hybrid membrane bioreactor with PAC addition for water reuse

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
H. Cui ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Coat Layer

A study was carried out on a hybrid (AS-SBF) membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for the municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse at Chengfengzhuang WWTP in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province. It was found that the effects of DO and water temperature on performance of the HMBR was significant. Under the conditions of water temperature in range of 10–14°C, pH of 6.6–7.0, DO of 4–6mg/l and HRT of 7h, the HMBR exhibited removal efficiencies for CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TN of 96.7%, 98.9%, 93.7% and 60.5% respectively. The turbidity of effluent from HMBR was below 1NTU. The effluent of HMBR meets the standard of wastewater reclamation for oil exploitation. PAC was added into the bioreactor at the second operating stage, in order to further research parameters variation. The flux was improved by 53.2%, compared to the membrane without PAC-addition, due to formation of a PAC pre-coat layer on the membrane surface, with lots of advantages such as larger granules, higher porosity, non-compressibility, higher filterability and easy removal, compared with pure biomass layer. In addition, the performance of HMBR was further improved, due to adsorption and degradation of SMPs, the average removal of CODcr and TN was further improved by 5.1% and 13.5% respectively. Biomass in the HMBR was quantitatively measured, of which the biofilm played a major role in pollutants removal.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a lake for the storage of reclaimed water before and after usage as cooling water

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Pang ◽  
Jin-Ying Xi ◽  
Guo-Qiang Li ◽  
Xiao-Jie Shi ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Before And After

Wastewater reclamation and reuse is a promising way to relieve water scarcity by substituting for natural water consumption by industrial cooling.

Car wash wastewater treatment and water reuse – a case study

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Zaneti ◽  
R. Etchepare ◽  
J. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Car Wash Wastewater

Recent features of a car wash wastewater reclamation system and results from a full-scale car wash wastewater treatment and recycling process are reported. This upcoming technology comprises a new flocculation–column flotation process, sand filtration, and a final chlorination. A water usage and savings audit (22 weeks) showed that almost 70% reclamation was possible, and fewer than 40 L of fresh water per wash were needed. Wastewater and reclaimed water were characterized by monitoring chemical, physicochemical and biological parameters. Results were discussed in terms of aesthetic quality (water clarification and odour), health (pathological) and chemical (corrosion and scaling) risks. A microbiological risk model was applied and the Escherichia coli proposed criterion for car wash reclaimed water is 200 CFU 100 mL−1. It is believed that the discussions on car wash wastewater reclamation criteria may assist institutions to create laws in Brazil and elsewhere.

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Europe: a model-based potential estimation

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hochstrat ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
P. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Future Projection ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

The basic aim of this paper is to present an approach to quantitatively assess the potential of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in a European context. The model developed is based on the analysis and interrelation of water management data like water availability, water demand and treated effluent. In conjunction with information about the current status of wastewater reuse simple key figures are deduced, which allow future projection of wastewater reclamation and reuse. The simulation points out that there is a significant potential for an increased utilisation of reclaimed wastewater in many European countries, specifically in the Mediterranean region driven by different factors like increased wastewater treatment capacity and higher demand for irrigation and groundwater recharge.

The Role of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse in the USA

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2049-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano ◽  
George Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

IAWPRC's Specialist Group on Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse (Water Reuse Group) is conducting a day-long Water Reuse Seminar on August 1, 1990 at the 15th Biennial Conference in Kyoto, Japan. This paper is prepared to review the role of wastewater reclamation and reuse in water resources management in the U.S.A., and to serve as an introduction to the theme for the Seminar. Following a brief summary of available water resources in the United States, the role of wastewater reclamation and reuse is discussed in terms of planning and implementation. Major wastewater reuse categories are identified and discussed. The emphasis of this paper is on wastewater reuse in the context of the water supply benefits to water resources management rather than on water pollution control measures. The overriding importance in wastewater reclamation and reuse is to protect public health and to mitigate health risks. Accordingly, wastewater reclamation criteria for health protection are also presented.

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