scholarly journals A case study of urban wastewater reclamation in Spain: comparison of water quality produced by using alternative processes and related costs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Melgarejo ◽  
Daniel Prats ◽  
Andrés Molina ◽  
Arturo Trapote
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Alternative Processes

In Spain, and particularly in the Valencia Region, the scarcity of water resources means that water resource exploitation must be optimized. In this light, reusing the large amounts of treated wastewater is a top priority, especially in agriculture, urban use and the irrigation of golf courses. Rincón de León wastewater treatment plant–water reclamation plant (Alicante, Spain) supplies reclaimed flow to a number of users according to the guidelines stated in the Royal Decree 1620/2007. Reclamation treatment includes: coagulation + flocculation + filtration (sand bed), ultrafiltration, ultraviolet disinfection and desalination (reverse osmosis). By combining these processes, three tertiary treatment alternatives were configured, and for each of them the quality of effluents, treatment costs, energy consumption and the uses of treated water were analysed. The results show that the quality of the water treated using the three alternatives is suitable for different uses. Moreover, the costs resulting from the tertiary treatment processes, their energy consumption and the final price of the treated water paid by farmers have been obtained.

Characterisation of Treated Wastewater of M’Zab Valley for Reuse in Irrigation (Southern Algeria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Rachid Zegait ◽  
Boualem Remini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The reuse of treated wastewater can reduce the water deficit in Saharan areas, especially in Ghardaia. The M'Zab wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is designed to treat wastewater by the natural lagoon system, and to reuse the treated water for irrigation of agricultural perimeters in order to contribute to sustainable development efforts in the region. Indeed the present work aims to search for the study of the possibility of reusing treated wastewater of M 'Zab in irrigation, to do this, we established and followed the evolution of the various physical-chemical and bacteriological analysis for two years (2013-2015), to study the effectiveness of biological treatment in the reduction of wastewater pollution, and then compare the results of treated water with national and international standards in the field of 'irrigation. The results showed that the treated water is considered as poor quality water is not usable only for some salt-tolerant species and on well-drained soil and leached, require additional treatments for ensured the quality of this precious resource.

scholarly journals Reliability and efficiency of an advanced tertiary treatment process for wastewater reclamation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Xu ◽  
Jaap de Koning ◽  
Ying Geng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Cartridge Filter ◽  
Water Supplementation

Abstract A reliability study for the reclamation of wastewater treatment plant effluent using continuous sand filtration-multimedia filtration (CSF-MMF) combined with ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) has been conducted. The objectives of the research are two-fold: (1) effluent of CSF-MMF can be used for surface water supplementation and (2) permeate of UF-RO can be applied as greenhouse irrigation water. The removal efficiencies for nutrients and electric conductivity (EC) as well as some operational parameters of the pilot plant were investigated. The concentration of T-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity in the filtrate of CSF-MMF with external C-course methanol dosage and FeCl3 dosage could be kept at less than 2.2 mg/L, 35 mg/L and 0.9 NTU respectively. Average EC exceeded the required surface water standard by 10% and it was difficult to meet the low surface water standard for T-P (below 0.15 mg/L). The EC of RO permeate was below 20 μS/cm, which was much lower than the standard for greenhouse irrigation. With frequent back flushes, cleaning in place (CIP) and enhanced cleaning the UF could be operated with a constant permeability of 100 L/(m2·h·bar). An appropriate CIP resulted in a recovery of 47–52% of the RO. The protective cartridge filter prior to the RO should be replaced every 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Differences in the ASM model caused by data structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Model Family

The process of designing and exploiting municipal sewage treatment plants has become much simpler and more efficient thanks to mathematical modeling. The ASM model family is able to simulate the operation of existing or designed objects in a satisfactory manner. The basic problem in Poland is the insufficient amount of data for simulations coming from plant monitoring. It is provided to create unstable model results with difficulties in calibration and validation. The aim of this article is to confirm how the amount of data and its completeness will affect the quality of the simulation performed in the ASM model. The study object is a sewage treatment plant located in Chicago in the USA. It is a sewage treatment plant operating with activated sludge technology, with regular monitoring of the quality of raw and treated wastewater. For modeling, a variant of the ASM model built into the BioWin 5.2 software was used.

Minimizing health risks during secondary effluent application via subsurface drip irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2330-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Oron ◽  
Lieonid Gillerman ◽  
Avraham Lael ◽  
Yossi Manor ◽  
Erez Braude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater

Health risks posed on consumers due to the use of agricultural products irrigated with reclaimed wastewater were assessed by numerical simulation. The analysis is based on defining of an Exposure Model (EM) which takes into account several parameters: (i) the quality of the applied wastewater, (ii) the irrigation method, (iii) the elapsed times between irrigation, harvest, and product consumption, and; (iv) the consumers' habits. The exposure model is used for numerical simulation of human consumers' risks by running the Monte Carlo simulation method. Although some deviations in the numerical simulation which are probably due to uncertainty (impreciseness in quality of input data) and variability due to diversity among populations reasonable results were accepted. Accordingly, there is a several orders of magnitude difference in the risk of infection between the different exposure scenarios with the same water quality. The variability indicates the need for setting risk-based criteria for wastewater reclamation, including the application method and environmental conditions, rather than single water quality guidelines. Extra data is required to decrease uncertainty in the risk assessment. Future research needs to include definite acceptable risk criteria, more accurate dose-response modeling, information regarding pathogen survival in treated wastewater, additional data related to the passage of pathogens into and in the plants during irrigation, and information referring to the consuming habits of the human community.

scholarly journals Quality of bio-solids produced in a Spanish Wastewater Treatment Plant (Córdoba-Spain) and its use in agronomy along 2000-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Rafael Marín Galvín
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Main Metal ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Bio-solids are the final fate of pollution present in urban wastewater, reaching the production of these ones in Spanish WWTPs 701,751 T/year (dates of 2018). Considering that 85% of Spanish bio-solids are used in agronomy, it is important to know characteristics of biosolids there produced, and in this way, we have investigated bio-solids generated in La Golondrina´s WWTP (Córdoba, Spain) along 2000-2019. This WWTP is a conventional facility operated by activated sludges (26.55x106 m3/year treated) which has produced 1.43 kg of bio-solids per m3 of treated wastewater (38.000 T/year). Our results indicated that bio-solids had a dryness over initial mass of 22.3%, and 74.9% of organic matter over dried matter (o.d.m.). At the same time, major components detected in bio-solids were N, P and Ca which levels were 5.0%, 3.5% and 3.7%, respectively. On the other hand, concentration of total metals in bio-solids ranged 13,024 mg/kg o.d.m., being the main metal Fe (11.749 mg/kg o.d.m.) followed by Zn, Cu and Mn, with levels as mg/kg o.d.m. of 463.1, 392.8 and 265.7, respectively. Evolution per year of all the investigated parameters are shown in the paper. Taking into account the use of bio-solids in agronomy, we have evaluated levels of metals limited by the Spanish normative to this respect: thus, the seven metals restricted (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg and Cr) exhibited concentration in bio-solids very lower than parametric values established. Moreover, we have estimated the ratios of accumulation of organics and metals from wastewater to bio-solids: thus, organic matter, N and P, were accumulated in bio-solids respectively, 342, 356 and 643 times, and total metals, 2,632 times. Finally, levels of Escherichia coli slightly varied from wastewater to bio-solids: 1.5x108 colony-forming units/L in the first one, and 0.9x108/g (o.d.m.) in the second ones.

scholarly journals Conventional Water Treatment of Domestic Groundwater Supplies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Hussein Hamid Emran Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Sulfate Removal

The important of ground water is increasing in the future as a source of fresh waters; in addition, many countries contain a number of water treatment plants to treat surface water. Using conventional treatment plant in the cities to treat ground water will decrease the cost of ground water treatment and may be help to depend on both surface and ground water supplies. This paper studied the ability of treating ground water by conventional water treatment. The quality of the ground water source is studied in the mention area during study period. The chemical quality of ground water is tested and there is within the standards of drinking water except iron.  The conventional treatment was enhancing quality of treated water by increment of dissolved oxygen concentrations toward optimum value. Water treatment plant was effective for removal of iron from ground water of about 50%, in addition there is an effect of conventional treatment on sulfate removal (sulfate may be increase above standards in some ground water sources). The statistical analysis of data shows there is a correlation between quality parameters of raw and treated water and between iron and sulfate of treated water in the correlation matrix. In addition, confidence test was applied on the correlation coefficients using fisher's transformation .The analysis shows, that there is a positive period (0.244, 0.941) of confidence of 95% of correlation factors of iron and sulfate.

scholarly journals AN ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER AT THE LOW-PRODUCTIVITY PLANT

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
L.A. Fesik ◽  
◽  
N.V. Sorokina ◽  
E.А. Geraskina ◽  
T.S. Airapetian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
The Law

Abstract. The urgency of the problem of local biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas with improving the quality of treated wastewater to the level of requirements for discharge into fishery bodies of water is considered. The analysis of the state of local wastewater treatment is given. Existing technological schemes and methods of local sewage, which are used for sewage treatment, are considered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of a complex of a local anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are presented. The results of theoretical and experimental researches of complex of local anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater of habitation in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are given. On the basis of the analysis of work and embodiment of low-productivity plants, used in home and foreign practice of local treatment of domestic wastewater the expediency of application flowing multistage anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater with use of communities of attached and free-swimming microorganisms is shown. The proposed low-productivity plant, which includes a three-stage aerobic biological treatment of anaerobically treated wastewater is described. The use of ruff fillers for the retention of hydrobionts gives the opportunity to clear salvo discharge, rapid restoration of the activity of the ruff fillers (for example, in power outages). The ruff fillers make it possible to organize an appropriate trophic chain of hydrobionts, which dramatically reduces the amount of excess biomass and the removal of suspensions in treated wastewater. Using the experiments in laboratory conditions and at real industrial treatment plant of a new design there were received parameters of work of stages of anaerobic and aerobic biological purification, the law of nitrification and denitrification processes, the law of specific speed of oxidation of organic pollution in specific conditions of anaerobic-aerobic technology; the opportunity of reception of quality of treated wastewater at the level of the requirements of the specifications for dump of drains in fishing reservoirs is proved.

scholarly journals Effluent Water Reuse Possibilities in Northern Cyprus

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Gozen Elkiran ◽  
Fidan Aslanova ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus (NC) is suffering from limited water resources and reiterated drought condition experiences due to global warming effects. Previous studies revealed that the water management policy in the country is not sustainable from the perspective of demand and balance. Apparently, the reuse of recycled water will be an alternative resource and can be utilized for some specific purposes to reduce water extraction from the ground. It is expected that treated wastewater will reach 20 million cubic meters (MCM) per year after the completion of the new sewage system for Lefkosa. Today, 20,000 m3 of wastewater is treated at the Lefkosa Central Treatment Plant up to the secondary treatment level, in which the degree of treatment varies from 60% to 95% owing to the weather conditions in the country during the year. Effluent water reuse in NC was not accepted due to cultural belief. However, water scarcity was experienced in the country during the last decade, forcing the farmers to benefit from the recycled water. There is no regulatory framework available in the country for effluent water reuse. However, preparation studies are almost finalized after discussions among government and European Union (EU) agencies. Cyprus, as an EU country, has an obligation to treat the wastewater up to the secondary level before releasing it in an environmentally friendly nature, following the Directive 91/271/EEC. This paper analyzes the effluent water reuse possibilities as a component of integrated water resource management in Northern Cyprus considering laboratory experiment results. It appears that applying tertiary treatment in Northern Cyprus will allow 20 MCM of water contribution to the water budget and it will help protect the vulnerable environment. Also, since the cost of tertiary treatment will be 0.2 United States dollars (USD)/m3, it would be reasonable to prefer this process to the desalination of water, which costs of 1 USD/m3.

Deep-bed filtration of SBR effluent for agricultural reuse: pilot plant screening of advanced secondary and tertiary treatment for domestic wastewater

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Brenner ◽  
Semen Shandalov ◽  
Gideon Oron ◽  
Menahem Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Granular Filtration ◽  
Single Medium

A wastewater reclamation program has been proposed as a means of supplying a major part of agricultural water demand in Israel. This program may solve the two fold problem of a national water shortage combined with continuous contamination of groundwater resources by inadequately treated wastewater. A pilot-scale investigation of an advanced treatment scheme incorporating a sequencing batch activated sludge system, followed by deep-bed granular filtration, has been started. It is aimed at the development of design and operation guidelines for such systems to be applied on a full scale. Preliminary results presented herein indicate that the sequencing batch reactor system is capable of producing high-quality, low-suspended-solids effluent to be further polished by granular filtration. A single medium quartz sand filter operated under a high variety of filtration velocities and inflow turbidities with no chemicals added, demonstrated good performance and supplied basic design information to be applied in further investigation.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Analysis in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska ◽  
Ewa Zielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

Risk management, an aspect of which is risk assessment, is a process supporting the proper function of municipal sewage treatment plants. Many factors affect the quality of treated wastewater. Risk assessment, its analysis, and hierarchization permit the elimination of events with the most destructive impacts on the purification process.

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