scholarly journals Disinfection of treated wastewater as an essential purification step for safe urban reuse: a comparative pilot study of UV- and ClO2-disinfection systems for urban reuse applications in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bischoff ◽  
J. H. Fan ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
M. Wagner ◽  
L. M. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection

Disinfection of wastewater is vital in addressing the potential health risks of urban water reuse. To compare the applicability of wastewater disinfection methods other than chlorine, identical pilot plants that used ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) dosing were installed at municipal wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai, China and Darmstadt, Germany. The investigation included public health and environmental aspects associated with the two disinfection methods. The results of the pilot-scale studies suggest that, in order to comply with Chinese water quality standards for urban water reuse, it is advisable to have a tertiary treatment before wastewater disinfection. Both methods were able to achieve a 4 log10 reduction in both total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli). There was no evidence for regrowth of E. coli. However, after an initial 3 log10 reduction, HPC increased within 48 h by more than 10-fold after UV irradiation as well as after low doses of ClO2. An increase in acute toxicity was detected after dosing with ClO2 but not after UV irradiation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria During Fresh Produce Production (Romaine Lettuce) Using Municipal Wastewater Effluents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey N. Summerlin ◽  
Cícero C. Pola ◽  
Eric S. McLamore ◽  
Terry Gentry ◽  
Raghupathy Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

High demand for food and water encourages the exploration of new water reuse programs, including treated municipal wastewater usage. However, these sources could contain high contaminant levels posing risks to public health. The objective of this study was to grow and irrigate a leafy green (romaine lettuce) with treated wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant to track Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms through cultivation and post-harvest storage to assess their fate and prevalence. Contamination levels found in the foliage, leachate, and soil were directly (p < 0.05) related to E. coli concentrations in the irrigation water. Wastewater concentrations from 177 to 423 CFU ml−1 resulted in 15–25% retention in the foliage. Leachate and soil presented means of 231 and 116% retention, respectively. E. coli accumulation on the foliage was observed (p < 0.05) and increased by over 400% during 14-day storage (4°C). From randomly selected E. coli colonies, in all four biomass types, 81 and 34% showed resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin, respectively. Reclaimed wastewater usage for leafy greens cultivation could pose potential health risks, especially considering the bacteria found have a high probability of being antibiotic resistance. Successful reuse of wastewater in agriculture will depend on appropriate mitigation and management strategies to guarantee an inexpensive, efficient, and safe water supply.

False-positive identification ofEscherichia coliin treated municipal wastewater and wastewater-irrigated soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E.T. McLain ◽  
Channah M. Rock ◽  
Kathleen Lohse ◽  
James Walworth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
False Positive Identification ◽  
Irrigated Soils

The increasing use of treated wastewater for irrigation heightens the importance of accurate monitoring of water quality. Chromogenic media, because they are easy to use and provide rapid results, are often used for detection of Escherichia coli in environmental samples, but unique levels of organic and inorganic compounds alter the chemistry of treated wastewater, potentially hindering the accurate performance of chromogenic media. We used MI agar and molecular confirmatory methods to assess false-positive identification of E. coli in treated wastewater samples collected from municipal utilities, an irrigation holding pond, irrigated soils, and in samples collected from storm flows destined for groundwater recharge. False-positive rates in storm flows (4.0%) agreed closely with USEPA technical literature but were higher in samples from the pond, soils, and treatment facilities (33.3%, 38.0%, and 48.8%, respectively). Sequencing of false-positive isolates confirmed that most were, like E. coli, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and many of the false-positive isolates were reported to produce the β-d-glucuronidase enzyme targeted by MI agar. False-positive identification rates were inversely related to air temperature, suggesting that seasonal variations in water quality influence E. coli identification. Knowledge of factors contributing to failure of chromogenic media will lead to manufacturer enhancements in media quality and performance and will ultimately increase the accuracy of future water quality monitoring programs.

Modeling of secondary treated wastewater disinfection by UV irradiation: Effects of suspended solids content

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounaouer Brahmi ◽  
Noureddine Hamed Belhadi ◽  
Helmi Hamdi ◽  
Abdennaceur Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Solids Content

scholarly journals Simultaneous removal of estrogens and pathogens from secondary treated wastewater by solar photocatalytic treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Water And Wastewater

<p>Recently, the fate of emerging compounds in environmentally relevant samples has attracted considerable attention. Solar semiconductor photocatalysis may offer an appealing methodology to treat such contaminants. At the same time the use of solar photocatalysis for water and wastewater disinfection is a topic well-documented in the literature. In this respect, the simultaneous degradation of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and <em>Escherichia coli </em>removal employing simulated solar radiation and TiO<sub>2</sub> as the photocatalyst was investigated. In general, the more complex the water matrix is the slower <em>E. coli</em> removal becomes, while the presence of <em>E. coli</em> in the reaction mixture did not obstruct EE2 removal.</p> <div> <p>Although EE2 removal occurred relatively fast, overall estrogenic activity was only partially removed. This implies that other species inherently present in the effluent and/or some photocatalytic transformation by-products may be proportionately more estrogenic than EE2. Overall, the use of solar radiation can constitute an advantageous treatment strategy for the simultaneous removal of micro-pollutants and pathogens from secondary treated effluent.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Choosing the most appropriate technique for wastewater disinfection – parallel investigation of four disinfection systems with different preceding treatment processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bischoff ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
Selection Of

A variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens are transmitted via water. Adequate disinfection of wastewater is therefore vital to address the potential health risks of water reuse. A range of well-established methods is available for wastewater disinfection. The selection of the most appropriate technology plays a key role in enhancing the safety, acceptability and reliability of water reuse systems. The objective of this study was the parallel examination of well-established and emerging wastewater disinfection methods, with particular attention being paid to the preceding wastewater treatment processes. The disinfectants investigated were: ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ozone (O3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and electrolytically-produced chlorine gas (Cl2). In order to support the specific selection of the most appropriate disinfection method, multiple criteria were determined: concentrations of indicator organisms, effluent toxicity, microbiological stability of the effluent, costs, energy consumption, and supplementary effects. The results show that stringent hygienic treatment objectives can be met with each of the applied methods immediately after disinfection, while the results of the evaluation of the further criteria differ widely between the analysed disinfectants.

A pilot-scale study of peracetic acid and ultraviolet light for wastewater disinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1453-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman H. Hassaballah ◽  
Jeremy Nyitrai ◽  
Christine H. Hart ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Lauren M. Sassoubre
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Somatic Coliphage

At the pilot-scale, peracetic acid effectively inactivates fecal coliforms,E. coliandEnterococcusspp. in secondary and tertiary treated wastewater. The addition of UV to PAA treatment increases inactivation of somatic coliphage.

scholarly journals The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli, in municipal wastewater and river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Osińska ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Piotr Jachimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) which are transported to the natural environment with discharged effluents. Samples of untreated wastewater (UWW) and treated wastewater (TWW) from four municipal WWTPs and samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point were analyzed in the study. The total counts of bacteria resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines and the counts of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant E. coli, were removed with up to 99.9% efficiency in the evaluated WWTPs. Despite the above, ARB counts in TWW samples were high at up to 1.25x105 CFU/mL in winter and 1.25x103 CFU/mL in summer. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also abundant (up to 103 CFU/ml) in URW and DRW samples collected in winter and summer. In both UWW and TWW samples, the counts of ARB and antibiotic-resistant E. coli were at least one order of magnitude lower in summer than in winter. The study revealed that despite the high efficiency of bacterial removal in the wastewater treatment processes, considerable amounts of ARB are released into the environment with TWW and that the percentage of ARB in total bacterial counts increases after wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Optimizing water-reuse and increasing water-saving potentials by linking treated industrial and municipal wastewater for a sustainable urban development

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1940
Author(s):  
S. Bauer ◽  
H. J. Linke ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract New industrial and urban developments in water-scarce regions are often inhibited by their high demand for water from natural resources. In addition, there often is a lack of water for purposes that contribute to an improved quality of life, such as urban green spaces. Therefore, the integrated industrial-urban water-reuse concept presents a strategy by linking and reusing treated industrial and municipal wastewater flows to increase urban water-reuse potentials. The concept of combining different reuse water flows, from wastewater treatment plants from industrial parks, aims at significantly increasing the water-saving potentials compared to a separate consideration of the industrial wastewater flows.

scholarly journals Resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. to selected antimicrobial agents present in municipal wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Luczkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Felis ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembinska ◽  
Anna Gnida ◽  
Ewa Kotlarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

In this study, the susceptibility to erythromycin (E) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) among isolates of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was tested, respectively. Both fecal indicators were detected and isolated from raw (RW) and treated wastewater (TW) as well as from samples of activated sludge (AS) collected in a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Biodiversity of bacterial community in AS was also monitored using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Additionally, distribution of sul1–3 genes conferring sulfonamide resistance was tested among SXT-resistant E. coli. Simultaneously, basic physicochemical parameters and concentrations of eight antimicrobial compounds (belonging to folate pathway inhibitors and macrolides class) were analyzed in RW and TW samples. Six of the selected antimicrobial agents, namely: erythromycin, clarithromycin, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were detected in the wastewater samples. Bacterial biodiversity of AS samples were comparable with no relevant differences. Among tested Enterococcus spp., E-resistant isolates constituted 41%. SXT resistance was less prevalent in E. coli with 11% of isolates. The genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (sul1–3) were detected in SXT-resistant E. coli of wastewater origin with similar frequencies as in other environmental compartments, including clinical ones.

scholarly journals Evidence of Naturalized Stress-Tolerant Strains of Escherichia coli in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 5505-5518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhi ◽  
Graham Banting ◽  
Qiaozhi Li ◽  
Thomas A. Edge ◽  
Edward Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biomarker Pattern ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ABSTRACTEscherichia colihas been proposed to have two habitats—the intestines of mammals/birds and the nonhost environment. Our goal was to assess whether certain strains ofE. colihave evolved toward adaptation and survival in wastewater. Raw sewage samples from different treatment plants were subjected to chlorine stress, and ∼59% of the survivingE. colistrains were found to contain a genetic insertion element (IS30) located within theuspC-flhDCintergenic region. The positional location of the IS30element was not observed across a library of 845E. coliisolates collected from various animal hosts or within GenBank or whole-genome reference databases for human and animalE. coliisolates (n= 1,177). Phylogenetics clustered the IS30element-containing wastewaterE. coliisolates into a distinct clade, and biomarker analysis revealed that these wastewater isolates contained a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) biomarker pattern that was specific for wastewater. These isolates belonged to phylogroup A, possessed generalized stress response (RpoS) activity, and carried the locus of heat resistance, features likely relevant to nonhost environmental survival. Isolates were screened for 28 virulence genes but carried only thefimHmarker. Our data suggest that wastewater contains a naturalized resident population ofE. coli. We developed an endpoint PCR targeting the IS30element within theuspC-flhDCintergenic region, and all raw sewage samples (n= 21) were positive for this marker. Conversely, the prevalence of this marker inE. coli-positive surface and groundwater samples was low (≤5%). This simple PCR assay may represent a convenient microbial source-tracking tool for identification of water samples affected by municipal wastewater.IMPORTANCEThe results of this study demonstrate that some strains ofE. coliappear to have evolved to become naturalized populations in the wastewater environment and possess a number of stress-related genetic elements likely important for survival in this nonhost environment. The presence of non-host-adapted strains in wastewater challenges our understanding of usingE. colias a microbial indicator of wastewater treatment performance, suggesting that theE. colistrains present in human and animal feces may be very different from those found in treated wastewater.

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