scholarly journals Utilization of iron sludge resulted from electro-coagulation in heterogeneous photo-Fenton process

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228-1237
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Samy ◽  
Mohamed Gar Alalm ◽  
Mohamed Mossad
Keyword(s):  
Process Performance ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Dark Reaction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The iron sludge generated from an electrocoagulation process was employed for the degradation of phenol through photo-Fenton process instead of iron salts. The morphology, functional groups and chemical composition of the iron sludge were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of iron dose, H2O2 concentration, reaction time and initial concentration of phenol on photo-Fenton process performance were studied. The degradation efficiency of phenol reached 100% in the case of light compared to 68.6% in the case of dark reaction at pH of 3, iron dose of 150 mg/L and H2O2 concentration of 1.5 g/L. The degradation efficiencies of phenol were 100%, 71.3 and 51% at initial phenol concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively. The expected cost for the treatment of one cubic meter of the contaminated wastewater was estimated to be 0.6224 $/m3.

Degradation of safranin by heterogeneous Fenton processes using peanut shell ash based catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375
Author(s):  
Amir Ikhlaq ◽  
Hafiza Zara Anwar ◽  
Farhan Javed ◽  
Saba Gull
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
H2o2 Concentration ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Maximum Decolorization

Abstract Today, dyes are one of the major problematic pollutants in the environment and are broadly used in several industrial sectors. In the current research work, decolorization of safranin (basic dye) from aqueous solution was investigated using iron-impregnated peanut shell ash (Fe-PSA) as a catalyst in the UV-assisted heterogeneous Fenton process (Fe-PSA/H2O2/UV). The effect of parameters such as H2O2 concentration, catalyst dose, pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and agitation speed was studied. The maximum decolorization of safranin was achieved at optimum parametric values of reagent dose = 8 mM, catalyst dose = 0.5 g, pH = 3, initial concentration of safranin = 50 ppm, temperature = 25 °C, and agitation speed = 200 rpm. The results revealed the efficient performance of Fe-PSA as catalyst in the Fe-PSA/H2O2/UV process for safranin treatment.

scholarly journals Production of Nanocrystalline Magnetite for Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 771-783
Author(s):  
N. JAVADI ◽  
SH. RAYGAN ◽  
S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Scanning Electron

Higher environmental standards have made the removal of toxic metals such as hexavalent chromium from wastewater; an important problem for environmental protection. Iron oxide is a particularly interesting adsorbent to be considered for this application. In this study, a new method combining adsorption and magnetic separation was developed to remove Cr ( VI ) from wastewater. The nanocrystalline magnetite as adsorbent was produced via thermo- mechanical reduction of hematite. Various parameters which affect the adsorption of Cr ( VI ) such as time, pH, temperature and initial concentration were investigated using thermo-gravimeters (TG), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The maximum adsorption was occurred at pH 2. The adsorption data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of Cr ( VI ) increased significantly with increasing of temperature and time.

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF PHENOL POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING Ca-BENTONITE/CHITOSAN COMPOSITE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani ◽  
Fatma Fatma ◽  
Fahma Riyanti ◽  
Hesti Ratnasari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chitosan Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phenolic compounds areorganic pollutants that are toxic and carcinogenic.The presence of phenol in the environmentcan be adverse to humanand the environmentalsystem. One methodthat iseffective toreduce thephenolisadsorption. In this study, the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution using Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was investigated. Chitosan is the deacetylation product of chitin from shrimp waste. Characterization of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as initial concentration of phenol, composite weight, pH and contact time. The results showed that FTIR spectra of Ca-bentonite/chitosan composite presented the characteristic of peak of Ca-bentonite and chitosan that confirmed the successful synthesis of composite. The SEM-EDX characterizationresultsshowedCa-bentonite surfacecoverage by chitosanand the presence ofcarbonandnitrogenelementsinCa-bentonite/chitosancompositeindicated that chitosan had bonded with bentonite. The optimum condition of adsorption of Ca-bentonite/chitosan to phenol was obtained at 125 mg.L-1 of concentration in which the weight of composite was 1.0 g, the pH of solution was 7, the contact time was 30 minutes, and the capacity of adsorption was 12.496 mg.g-1.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Using Nanosized Na2Ti6O13/TiO2Heterostructure Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicong Jian ◽  
Shaobin Huang ◽  
Yongqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Na2Ti6O13/TiO2composite particles were synthesized through the hydrolyzation of tetrabutyl titanate in a reverse microemulsion and characterized by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic property of Na2Ti6O13/TiO2was evaluated by degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) under 40 W ultraviolet lamp (λ=365 nm) irradiation and compared with commercial P25-TiO2in the same condition. The results showed that the synthesized nanobelts Na2Ti6O13/TiO2heterostructures had typical width from 80 to 100 nm, with thickness less than 40 nm and length up to 5 μm. Such Na2Ti6O13/TiO2nanosized particles exhibited better photocatalytic activity than that of P25-TiO2, and the degradation rate of 2,4-DCP with initial concentration of 0.02 g/L reached 99.4% at the end of 50 min.

scholarly journals DEGRADASI KATALITIK ZAT WARNA METIL JINGGA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS OKSIDA MANGAN MANGANOSITE

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Mokhamad Subkhan ◽  
Amir Awaluddin ◽  
Presetya - ◽  
Siti Saidah Siregar ◽  
Riska Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Second Order Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Preparation of manganese oxide by sol-gel method and its application as a catalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation was carried out using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.The characterization of manganese oxide was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. The effect of initial concentration of MO was examined. Degradation efficiency was decrease with increasing the concentration of MO. The degradation kinetics ofMO followed the second-order reaction kinetics.

Preparation and Mechanism of Spherical [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox Precursors for Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 by an Ultrasonic Atomization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 572-579
Author(s):  
Qing Lin Chen ◽  
Xue Wen Liu ◽  
Bao Hua Rong ◽  
Kun Tang ◽  
Hua Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
Scanning Electron

The spherical precursors - [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox and Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 were synthesized by an ultrasonic atomization method via two routes. The [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox and Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the initial concentration of the raw solution would affect the size of precursor [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox particles. The Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 particles which were prepared from the mixture of LiNO3 and [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox were much larger than the precursor particles and those prepared from the LiNO3-[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox may maintain the size of the precursor particles.

SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT FERRITE WITH DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIBHUTI B. NAYAK ◽  
NADIYA BIHARY NAYAK ◽  
RAHUL KUMAR MALLIK ◽  
APARNA MONDAL
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cobalt Salt ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Scanning Electron

Different morphologies (spherical, flake and rod) of cobalt ferrite were synthesized using cobalt salt, iron salts, hydrazine hydrate (as a precipitating agent) and CTAB (surfactant) in water as well as ethylene glycol solvents. Four different synthesis ways (HIS, SIH, HISCO and HISG) were adopted to synthesize cobalt ferrite nanopowders using precipitation method. The as-prepared powders obtained after different synthesis ways were calcined at 800°C and structure, microstructure as well as magnetic properties are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and magnetization studies using pulsed field loop tracer were employed to characterize these cobalt ferrite powders, prepared using different precipitation ways. All the samples are identified with single phase cobalt ferrite and the crystallite size was found to be around 40 nm. Nearly spherical (multifaceted), rod with flake-like, nearly spherical and rod-like morphologies are obtained while synthesizing using HIS, SIH, HISCO and HISG ways, respectively. Rod with flake-like (SIH sample) and rod-like morphologies (HISG sample) show higher coercivity, than the spherical-like (SIH and HISCO smaples) morphology. The highest coericivty was found to be around 925 Oe for HISG sample and highest magnetization is 67 emu/g for HISCO sample.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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