scholarly journals Removal of dissolved organic nitrogen amino acid from aqueous solutions using activated carbon based on date pits

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1173
Author(s):  
Badreddine Belhamdi ◽  
Zoulikha Merzougui ◽  
Hamza Laksaci ◽  
Chemseddine Belabed ◽  
Salim Boudiaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chlorinated Drinking Water ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Date Pits ◽  
By Products

Abstract Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water are receiving increasing attention due to their elevated toxicities. An effective strategy to control N-DBP formation is to reduce their nitrogenous precursors (amino acids) before disinfection. This work was undertaken to study free amino acid l-tyrosine adsorption onto two activated carbons synthesized from date pits. The amino acid is plentiful in low-molecular weight algal organic matter, which helps the formation of nitrogenous and carbonaceous disinfection by-products during water treatment. The equilibrium adsorption of l-tyrosine was studied on well-characterized activated carbons prepared by KOH (ACK) and ZnCl2 (ACZ) activation, possessing textural properties evaluated by SEM analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and FT-IR spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the activated carbons’ adsorption capacities. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, solution pH, and temperature were studied. The Langmuir model gave the best fit for the experimental data of l-tyrosine with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 178.57 and 102.04 mg·g−1 on ACK and ACZ, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated for the adsorption study. The adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, and involved physisorption.

scholarly journals Removal of Chromium(III) and Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Treated Date Seeds: An Eco-Friendly Method

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3718
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azam ◽  
Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur ◽  
Mohammad Rizwan Khan ◽  
Saud I. Al-Resayes ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metal Elution ◽  
Date Pits

The aim of the research was to prepare low-cost adsorbents, including raw date pits and chemically treated date pits, and to apply these materials to investigate the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from wastewater. The prepared materials were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and BET surface analysis techniques for investigating the surface morphology, particle size, pore size and surface functionalities of the materials. A series of adsorption processes was conducted in a batch system and optimized by investigating various parameters such as solution pH, contact time, initial metal concentrations and adsorbent dosage. The optimum pH for achieving maximum adsorption capacity was found to be approximately 7.8. The determination of metal ions was conducted using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The experimental results were fitted using isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Cr(III) and Cd(II) at 323 K were 1428.5 and 1302.0 mg/g (treated majdool date pits adsorbent) and 1228.5 and 1182.0 mg/g (treated sagai date pits adsorbent), respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity of H2O2-treated date pits was higher than that of untreated DP. Recovery studies showed maximal metal elution with 0.1 M HCl for all the adsorbents. An 83.3–88.2% and 81.8–86.8% drop in Cr(III) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, were found after the five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave slightly better results than the Freundlich model for the untreated and treated date pits. Hence, the results demonstrated that the prepared materials could be a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for the remediation of Cr(III) and Cd(II) contaminants from an aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Removal of anionic surfactants by sorption onto Aminated Mesoporous Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Moradi ◽  
J. Khodaveisy ◽  
R. Dashti
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Ft Ir

Direct and indirect releases of large quantities of surfactants to the environment may result in serious health and environmental problems. Therefore, surfactants should be removed from water before release to the environment or delivery for public use. In the present work, the removal of anionic surfactants, benzene sulfonate (BS), p-toluene sulfonate (TS) and 4-octylbenzene sulfonate (OBS) from water by adsorption onto Amino modified mesoporous carbon (AMC) were studied. The AMC surface chemistry and textural properties was characterized by nitrogen adsorption, XRD and FT-IR analyses. Experiments were conducted in batch mode with the variables such as amount of contact time, solution pH, dose of adsorbent and temperature. Finally, the adsorption isotherms of anionic surfactants on mesoporous carbon adsorbents were in agreement with a Langmuir model. AMC has shown higher anionic surfactants adsorption capacity than the untreated mesoporous carbon, which can explain by strong interaction between anionic surfactant and cationic surface of adsorbent.

scholarly journals Electiveness of agro-pulping process in the sustainable production of black liquor-based activated carbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 190173
Author(s):  
Vivian F. Lotfy ◽  
Altaf H. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
Pulp Fibres ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
By Products ◽  
Mb Adsorption

During the production of paper pulp, the waste water loaded with organic materials from pulping process is discharged. Therefore, water treatment should be performed before disposing of such effluent. The use of such effluent for production of activated carbon will be effective in omitting the wastewater treatment and in obtaining the product required in many industries. In this respect, this paper deals with evaluating the performance of activated carbons (ACs) produced from black liquors (BLs) as by-products from three pulping processes of rice straw (RS) and sugar-cane bagasse (SCB), namely: alkaline, sulfite and neutral sulfite, which are coded SP, SSP and NSP, respectively. Elemental analysis and thermal analysis (TGA and DTGA) are carried out on the BLs, while the surface area ( S BET ), micro-/mesoporous distribution, adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I 2 -value), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) are studied on synthesizing ACs. The optimal pulping approach for achieving BL-based AC, with the following characteristics: specific surface area ( S BET ) ∼ 921 and 545 m 2 g −1 , MB adsorption capacity 238 and 370 mg g −1 , and I 2 -value 928 and 1255 mg g −1 of BL-based ACs, are from neutral sulfite pulping of SCB (B-NSP) and RS (RS-NSP), respectively. These finding data are ascribed to the carbon content of BL, as well as greatest total volume ( V T 0.786 and 0.701 cm 3 g −1 ) together with decreasing the volume of micropores/total (38 and 48%) of BL-NSP-ACs. It is interesting to note that the AC provided from RS-NSP has greater adsorption capacity for I 2 and MB than the AC produced from RS-pulp fibres.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Xiya Li ◽  
Jieqiong Qiu ◽  
Yiqi Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ren ◽  
Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

scholarly journals Removal and Regeneration of Iron (III) from Water Using New Treated Fluorapatite Extracted from Natural Phosphate as Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13130-13140
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Our study aims to evaluate the efficiency of dissolved iron (III) retention in synthetic solutions by adsorption on treated natural phosphate collected in the Khouribga region. This research focused on the valorization of phosphate, a naturally occurring resource that is abundant in Morocco. The resulting products were analyzed by various methods, including FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this work, we studied the effect of several parameters such as adsorbent amount, contact time, solution pH, and initial concentration of iron (III) on the adsorption process. The results of the adsorption of iron (III) indicate that the efficiency was achieved after 5 minutes, and the maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model was 26.18 mg g-1. The regeneration and reuse of synthesized adsorbent are effective for five cycles of adsorption-desorption cycles without reducing adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Utilization of spent dregs for the production of activated carbon for CO2 adsorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Density Functional Theory Method ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract The objective of this work was preparation of activated carbon from spent dregs for carbon dioxide adsorption. A saturated solution of KOH was used as an activating agent. Samples were carbonized in the furnace at the temperature of 550°C. Textural properties of activated carbons were obtained based on the adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen at −196°C and carbon dioxide at 0°C. The specific surface areas of activated carbons were calculated by the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller equation. The volumes of micropores were obtained by density functional theory method. The highest CO2 adsorption was 9.54 mmol/cm3 at 0°C – and 8.50 mmol/cm3 at 25°C.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Baobab Fruit Shells by Chemical Activation Using ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Nedjai ◽  
N A Kabbashi ◽  
M Z Alam ◽  
M F R Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Abstract Chemical agents have a good influence on the formation of activated carbons, surface characteristic, and its adsorption properties. In this study, the effect of activating agents (ZnCl2, KOH, and H3PO4) on baobab fruit shell (BFS) were evaluated. The characteristics of the baobab fruit shell based activated carbon (BF-ACs) were evaluated through the yield and iodine number. BF-ACs were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption. SEM analysis illustrates those porous structures formed on the surface of BF-ACs were with different sizes. The XRD analysis show that the main structures of BF-ACs are amorphous. FT-IR data demonstrates the presence of different surface groups on the produced BF-ACs. Among activating agent, the KOH was observed to the most appropriate for the production of activated carbon with a large surface area (1029.44 m2/g) from baobab fruit shell.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Foam from Polymerization of Furfuryl Alcohol Activated by Zinc and Copper Chlorides

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta M. Cepollaro ◽  
Domenico Caputo ◽  
Stefano Cimino ◽  
Nicola Gargiulo ◽  
Luciana Lisi
Keyword(s):  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Polymerization of furfuryl alcohol carried out using ZnCl2 or CuCl2 as Lewis acid activators was investigated by exploring various synthesis parameters in order to produce activated carbons with different porosity and metal load. The temperature of polymerization was changed according to Lewis acidity strength of the two metal chlorides: 0 °C for CuCl2 and 80 °C for ZnCl2. The polymer obtained was pyrolyzed under pure He flow or under 1000 ppm O2/He flow at 600 or 850 °C in order to produce activated carbons with specific textural features. The load and nature of the residual metal after pyrolysis were determined by ICP and XRD analyses, respectively. Copper was mostly preserved even at high pyrolysis temperature in contrast to zinc, which was almost totally lost at 850 °C. A foamy structure was detected by SEM analysis for all samples. Textural properties were determined by both N2 and CO2 physisorption; surface areas and pore size distributions were evaluated according to BET, DFT and DR models. The polymerization activated by ZnCl2 produced carbons with larger surface areas were also related to the presence of some mesopores, whereas CuCl2 promoted the prevailing formation of narrow micropores, making these materials particularly suited to H2 storage applications.

scholarly journals Magnetic Mg-Fe/LDH Intercalated Activated Carbon Composites for Nitrate and Phosphate Removal from Wastewater: Insight into Behavior and Mechanisms

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Alagha ◽  
Mohammad Saood Manzar ◽  
Mukarram Zubair ◽  
Ismail Anil ◽  
Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Magnetically Separable ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

This experimental work focused on the synthesis, characterization, and testing of a unique, magnetically separable, and eco-friendly adsorbent composite material for the advanced treatment and efficient removal of nitrate and phosphate pollutants from wastewater. The MgAl-augmented double-layered hydroxide (Mg-Fe/LDH) intercalated with sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC-MgFe) composites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, VSM, SEM, and TEM techniques, revealing homogeneous and efficient dispersion of MgFe/LDH within the activated carbon (AC) matrix, a highly mesoporous structure, and superparamagnetic characteristics. The initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature parameters were optimized in order to reach the best removal performance for both pollutants. The maximum adsorption capacities of phosphate and nitrate were found to be 110 and 54.5 mg/g, respectively. The competition between phosphate and coexisting ions (Cl−, CO32−, and SO42−) was studied and found to be remarkably lower in comparison with the nitrate adsorption. The adsorption mechanisms were elucidated by kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic modeling, and post-adsorption characterizations of the composite. Modeling and mechanistic studies demonstrated that physisorption processes such as electrostatic attraction and ion exchange mainly governed the nitrate and phosphate adsorption. The composite indicated an outstanding regeneration performance even after five sequences of adsorption/desorption cycles. The fabricated composite with magnetically separable characteristics can be used as a promising adsorbent for the removal of phosphate and nitrate pollutants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Textural, Structural and Catalytic Properties of ZnCr2O4–A12O3 Ternary Solid Catalysts

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. El-Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Textural Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Ion Contents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Two series of ternary solid catalysts containing Al, Cr and Zn but with different ZN2+ or Cr3+ ion contents were prepared by impregnation methods. All systems were calcined by heating within the temperature range 773–1073 K. Structural characterization of the systems was effected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods and by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The textural properties of the precalcined products were measured from adsorption/desorption studies of nitrogen at 77 K. The surface acidities of the precalcined products were also studied using a poisoning method employing pyridine as the probe base. The adsorption and disproportionation of NO at 298 K was followed via in-situ FT-IR spectroscopic methods, while the catalytic activities of the prepared samples towards the dehydration (DHD)/dehydrogenation (DHG) of propan-2-ol were studied using a pulse microcatalytic technique. XRD and DTA analyses showed the presence of γ-A12O3 and ZnCr2O4 in the prepared samples but did not provide any evidence for other detectable species in the ternary solid materials. The disproportionation of NO, as well as the catalytic conversion of propan-2-ol, was apparently strongly influenced by the structural properties of these materials but to a lesser extent by their textural properties.

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