scholarly journals Characterization and evaluation of biogas generation of Arba Minch Town slaughterhouse wastewater, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-909
Author(s):  
Demisie Dawana ◽  
Kinfe Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
Biogas Reactor ◽  
Energy Options

Abstract This study was carried out to characterize raw and treated Arba Minch town slaughterhouse wastewater and to assess its methane generation potential with lab-scale anaerobic batch reactors. The methane was collected by downward displacement of an alkaline water column. The methane generation potential of the slaughterhouse wastewater was 270.6 mL methane per gram of volatile solids at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days at 37 °C. The organic loading rate was 0.48 g and the organic matter removal efficiency of the reactor was COD (93.5%), BOD5 (88.5%), and TVS (94.7%). The result demonstrated that installation of a biogas reactor to treat slaughterhouse wastewater can recover methane, reduce pollutants and protect the environment. The result can be a demonstration for untreated slaughterhouse wastewaters in developing countries like Arba Minch Town to use anaerobic treatment and supplement their scarce energy options.

Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing batch reactor and hybrid bed filter

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Timur ◽  
I. Özturk
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Specific Loading

Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high organic contaminants (Total Organic Carbon -TOC of about 5000 mg l−1) was treated in bench-scale Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors (ASBR) and an Anaerobic Hybrid Bed Filter (AHBF) at mesophilic conditions. Twenty months of testing has been conducted at varied influent leachate concentration of 546–5770 mgTOC l−1, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10–1.5 days and Solid Retention Time (SRT) of 40–9 days in ASBR's, and influent leachate concentration of 1250–4490 mgTOC l−1 and HRT of 5.1–0.9 days in AHBF. ASBR achieved 73.9% TOC removal at maximum organic loading rate of 2.8 kgTOC m−3 d−1 at 1.5 days of HRT, and 65.3% at 0.561 kgTOC kgVSS−1 d−1 of maximum specific loading rate and 2 days of HRT. The AHBF maintained 81.4% TOC removal at 1.2 kgTOC m−3 d−1 of loading and 2.4 days of HRT. Methane conversion ratio averaged 0.742 m3CH4 kgTOC−1 removed at (STP).

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

scholarly journals The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gustavsson ◽  
B. H. Svensson ◽  
A. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Sulfate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 °C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L−1), Ni (0.2 mg L−1) and Fe (0.5 g L−1) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L−1 day−1.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

scholarly journals Improving Biomethanation of Chicken Manure by Co-Digestion with Ethanol Plant Effluent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yeol Cheong ◽  
Jeffrey Todd Harvey ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Changsoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Plant

As the global production of chicken manure has steadily increased, its proper management has become a challenging issue. This study examined process effluent from a bioethanol plant as a co-substrate for efficient anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. An anaerobic continuous reactor was operated in mono- and co-digestion modes by adding increasing amounts of the ethanol plant effluent (0%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) of chicken manure). Methanogenic performance improved significantly in terms of both methane production rate and yield (by up to 66% and 36%, respectively), with an increase in organic loading rate over the experimental phases. Correspondingly, the specific methanogenic activity was significantly higher in the co-digestion sludge than in the mono-digestion sludge. The reactor did not suffer any apparent process imbalance, ammonia inhibition, or nutrient limitation throughout the experiment, with the removal of volatile solids being stably maintained (56.3–58.9%). The amount of ethanol plant effluent appears to directly affect the rate of acidification, and its addition at ≥20% (v/v) to chicken manure needs to be avoided to maintain a stable pH. The overall results suggest that anerobic co-digestion with ethanol plant effluent may provide a practical means for the stable treatment and valorization of chicken manure.

Anaerobic treatment of a medium strength industrial wastewater at low-temperature and short hydraulic retention time: a pilot-scale experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza Soto ◽  
C. Solís Morelos ◽  
J. J. Hernández Torres
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of cereal-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (17 °C) for more than 300 days. The applied organic loading rate (OLRappl) was gradually increased from 4 to 6 and 8 kg CODsol/m3d by increasing the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (5.2 h). The removal efficiency was high (82 to 92%) and slightly decreased after increasing the influent CODsol and the OLRappl. The highest removed organic loading rate (OLRrem) was reached when the UASB reactor was operated at 8 kg CODsol/m3d and it was two times higher than that obtained for an OLRappl of 4 kg CODsol/m3d. Some disturbances were observed during the experimentation. The formation of biogas pockets in the sludge bed significantly complicated the biogas production quantification, but did not affect the reactor performance. The volatile fatty acids in the effluent were low, but increased as the OLRappl increased, which caused an increment of the effluent CODsol. Anaerobic treatment at low temperature was a good option for the biological pre-treatment of cereal processing industry wastewater.

Start-Up Strategy to Achieve Excellent Efficiency of Degradation Acetate,Ethanol and Propionate in UASB

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2103-2106
Author(s):  
Ming Yue Zheng ◽  
Ming Xia Zheng ◽  
Kai Jun Wang ◽  
Hai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) fed with three metabolic intermediate (acetate, ethanol, and propionate) respectively was studied. The degradation of metabolic intermediate were investigated to discuss the reason for propionate inhibition problem in anaerobic treatment. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the reactors started with 8.0h.The yield rate of biogas were 237ml/gCOD, 242ml/gCOD, 218ml/gCOD for acetate, ethanol and propionate, respectively when finishing start-up under OLR of 5.0 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT=9.6h).The HRT remained constant 9.6h,and the substrate concentration was gradually increased from 1,000 to 16,000mg/L as COD,and the organic loading rates(OLR) was from 3.0 to 40.0 kgCOD/(m3·d).The maximum propionate concentration was 41.6 gHPr-COD/L at the organic loading rate of 43.9 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT, 9.6h) as well as acetate and ethanol.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Njoya ◽  
M. Basitere ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Anaerobic Biomass ◽  
Phase Separator

Abstract This study evaluated the performance of a novel high rate anaerobic bioreactor system for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The new system consisted of a granule-based technology operated in a down-flow configuration, with the assistance of medium-sized pumice stones used as packing materials for the retention of the anaerobic granules, to avoid challenges associated with the use of the three-phase separator of up-flow systems and the washout of the anaerobic biomass. Furthermore, a recycling stream was applied to the system to improve the mixing inside the Down-flow Expanded Granular Bed Reactor (DEGBR), i.e. the influent distribution to the granular biomass, and the implementation of intermittent fluidization when required to alleviate the effects of pressure drop in such systems. The DEGBR was operated under mesophilic conditions (30–35 °C) and achieved total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), five-day biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids average removal percentages >95%, and a fats, oils and grease average removal percentage of 93.67% ± 4.51, for an organic loading rate varying between 1.1 to 38.9 gCOD/L.day.

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