scholarly journals Use of a self-rotating nozzle for more efficient flash purification of dirty water

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-659
Author(s):  
Hery Sonawan ◽  
Kiki Aprillianto
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Condensation Rate ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
Feed Water Temperature

Abstract An efficient flash-purification system has been developed using a self-rotating nozzle powered by the feed-water flow. Where an electrically-powered, rotating nozzle distributes water droplets evenly in a flashing chamber to increase the evaporation rate, a self-rotating nozzle creates a continuous flow of droplets at the chamber wall by impact momentum effects. The aim of this study was to design and test a new self-rotating nozzle to improve the condensation rate in the flash-purifier. The device investigated employed a self-rotating nozzle of innovative design. The new system was constructed successfully and tested under conditions in which the vacuum and feed-water pressures, and the temperature were varied to maximize the condensation rate. Factorial design methodology showed that vacuum pressure was the most influential variable for condensation rate. The highest condensation rate achieved was 0.0748 ml/s, obtained from a combination of 2.0 bar-g feed-water pressure, vacuum pressure 0.3 bar-a and feed-water temperature 60 °C. Previous studies involved an electric rotating nozzle that generated 0.061 ml/s, but this study proved the efficiency of the self-rotating nozzle by producing a higher condensation rate.

Imperatives of Cognitive and Affective Skills for Innovative Problem Solving: A Fresh Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-671
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohan Babu. G. N. ◽  
Sushravya. G. M.
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Affective Skills ◽  
And Training

Most educational models that prescribe teaching and training methods to groom school children into innovators fail to take a deeper view of engineering design methodology. Yet others tend to ignore the importance of human values which must be an integral part of any innovative design process.  In this paper, We would first disaggregate design capabilities into its constituent capabilities, namely, exploring, creating and converging capabilities, which we need to master to produce better products and services, and then show how the cognitive and affective skills proposed by Benjamin Bloom, and Anderson and Krathwohl in their educational models can directly and significantly contribute to these constituent capabilities. With an improved understanding of the eco-system needed for better design solutions, we suggest that the present education systems, especially in developing countries, be critically reviewed and reoriented from the perspective of producing quality innovative designers, regardless of the problem area.  

scholarly journals Innovative Design Methodology for Patient-Specific Short Femoral Stems

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
William Solórzano-Requejo ◽  
Carlos Ojeda ◽  
Andrés Díaz Lantada
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Bone Stock ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Femoral Stems ◽  
Short Stems

The biomechanical performance of hip prostheses is often suboptimal, which leads to problems such as strain shielding, bone resorption and implant loosening, affecting the long-term viability of these implants for articular repair. Different studies have highlighted the interest of short stems for preserving bone stock and minimizing shielding, hence providing an alternative to conventional hip prostheses with long stems. Such short stems are especially valuable for younger patients, as they may require additional surgical interventions and replacements in the future, for which the preservation of bone stock is fundamental. Arguably, enhanced results may be achieved by combining the benefits of short stems with the possibilities of personalization, which are now empowered by a wise combination of medical images, computer-aided design and engineering resources and automated manufacturing tools. In this study, an innovative design methodology for custom-made short femoral stems is presented. The design process is enhanced through a novel app employing elliptical adjustment for the quasi-automated CAD modeling of personalized short femoral stems. The proposed methodology is validated by completely developing two personalized short femoral stems, which are evaluated by combining in silico studies (finite element method (FEM) simulations), for quantifying their biomechanical performance, and rapid prototyping, for evaluating implantability.

scholarly journals Restauración paisajística de Cantera Rosales. Hellín (Albacete, España)

REVISTARQUIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández ◽  
Daniel Moreno Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Geometric Reconstruction ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

ResumenEl texto describe y dibuja una estrategia de recuperación ecológica de una explotación minera de piedra ornamental en activo, situada en el entorno del parque arqueológico del Tolmo de Minateda, en el Término municipal de Hellín (Albacete, España). En el año 2015, la empresa Areniscas Rosal, propietaria de los derechos de explotación de dicha cantera, encargó a la oficina de Arquitectura y Urbanismo SSS (Spanish Studio of Space) un Plan de Restauración para establecer las directrices básicas de una recuperación paisajística que revierta el impacto de la actividad extractiva en un futuro próximo. El proyecto, fundamentado en la filosofía del Land Art, es una reconstrucción geométrica del terreno por medio de la reutilización de los sobrantes de la propia actividad, para así crear un paisaje totalmente nuevo y contemporáneo. El reciclaje, la re-vegetación y una solución proyectual innovadora fundamentan las directrices de esta intervención paisajística y territorial. Las posibilidades de reutilización y disfrute de este nuevo entorno natural podrán ser variadas y enriquecedoras y solo dependerán de una gestión sensible y respetuosa de la relación del hombre con la naturaleza. AbstractThe former document describes and draws a strategy of ecological recovery of an ornamental stone mine in active, located in the archaeological park environment of Tolmo de Minateda in the municipality of Hellín (Albacete, Spain). Back in 2015, the company Rosal Sandstones, which owns the rights to exploit the quarry, commissioned the Office of Architecture and Urbanism SSS (Spanish Studio of Space) a Restoration Plan in order to establish the basic guidelines for a landscape recovery to revert the impact of mining activity in the near future. The project, based on the philosophy of Land Art, is a geometric reconstruction of the ground by means of reusing the leftovers of the activity itself, to thereby create a totally new and contemporary landscape. Recycling, re-vegetation and innovative design methodology solutions substantiate the guidelines of this landscape and territorial intervention. The possibilities for reusability and enjoyment of this new natural environment can be diverse and enriching and, only depend on a sensitive and respectful management of the relationship between man and nature.

scholarly journals Removal Characteristics of N-Nitrosamines and Their Precursors by Pilot-Scale Integrated Membrane Systems for Water Reuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Takeuchi ◽  
Naoyuki Yamashita ◽  
Norihide Nakada ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
Feed Water Temperature

This study investigated the removal characteristics of N-Nitrosamines and their precursors at three pilot-scale water reclamation plants. These plants applies different integrated membrane systems: (1) microfiltration (MF)/nanofiltration (NF)/reverse osmosis (RO) membrane; (2) sand filtration/three-stage RO; and (3) ultrafiltration (UF)/NF and UF/RO. Variable removal of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by the RO processes could be attributed to membrane fouling and the feed water temperature. The effect of membrane fouling on N-Nitrosamine removal was extensively evaluated at one of the plants by conducting one month of operation and chemical cleaning of the RO element. Membrane fouling enhanced N-Nitrosamine removal by the pilot-scale RO process. This finding contributes to better understanding of the variable removal of NDMA by RO processes. This study also investigated the removal characteristics of N-Nitrosamine precursors. The NF and RO processes greatly reduced NDMA formation potential (FP), but the UF process had little effect. The contributions of MF, NF, and RO processes for reducing FPs of NDMA, N-Nitrosopyrrolidine and N-Nitrosodiethylamine were different, suggesting different size distributions of their precursors.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Water Distillation Performance of Small-Scale Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Park ◽  
Elnaz Norouzi ◽  
Chanwoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation ◽  
Feed Temperature ◽  
Feed Water Temperature

A small-scale Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) system was built to investigate its water distillation performance for varying inlet temperatures and flow rates of feed and permeate streams, and salinity. A counterflow configuration between the feed and permeate streams was used to achieve an efficient heat exchange. A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated using the experimental results. The numerical results were compared with the experiments and found to be in good agreement. From this study, the most desirable conditions for distilled water production were found to be a higher feed water temperature, lower permeate temperature, higher flow rate and less salinity. The feed water temperature had a greater impact on the water production than the permeate water temperature. The numerical simulation showed that the water mass flux was maximum at the inlet of the feed stream where the feed temperature was the highest and rapidly decreased as the feed temperature decreased.

scholarly journals Determination of Filtration and Purification System for Flood Water Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.15) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Rosalan Umar ◽  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Fathurrahman Lananan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganism ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Water Well

Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many kinds of waterborne pathogens which can donate diseases also death if not treating the water well before use. The treatment can be utilized based on the size of the microorganism. By identifying the size of the smallest bacteria will make easier to find the filtration based on the size of filter pores and other processes to ensure all the bacteria is removed and the water safe to use. Even there are many kinds of bacteria or microorganisms in the contaminated water, but the pathogens need to deal. The water will become clean and safe to use when the colour is clear and there is any pathogenic microorganism in there. This study is to ensure water is clean from pathogen after the flood water is filtered by know for sure the organism’s size and to overcome the lack of clean water problem during the flood and others purpose. 

Optimum arrangement of two-stage plug and concentrate recycling RO systems using thermodynamic and exergy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 3323-3348
Author(s):  
Abbas Naeimi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Milad Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Alibakhsh Kasaeian
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimum Arrangement ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis

Purpose This paper aims to determine the optimum arrangement of a reverse osmosis system in two methods of plug and concentrate recycling. Design/methodology/approach To compare the optimum conditions of these two methods, a seawater reverse osmosis system was considered to produce fresh water at a rate of 4,000 m3/d for Mahyarkala city, located in north of Iran, for a period of 20 years. Using genetic algorithms and two-objective optimization method, the reverse osmosis system was designed. Findings The results showed that exergy efficiency in optimum condition for concentrate recycling and plug methods was 82.6 and 92.4 per cent, respectively. The optimizations results showed that concentrate recycling method, despite a 36 per cent reduction in the initial cost and a 2 per cent increase in maintenance expenses, provides 6 per cent higher recovery and 19.7 per cent less permeate concentration than two-stage plug method. Originality/value Optimization parameters include feed water pressure, the rate of water return from the brine for concentrate recycling system, type of SW membrane, feedwater flow rate and numbers of elements in each pressure vessel (PV). These parameters were also compared to each other in terms of recovery (R) and freshwater unit production cost. In addition, the exergy of all elements was analyzed by selecting the optimal mode of each system.

scholarly journals CFD analysis of flashing flow in two-phase geothermal turbine design

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sham Rane ◽  
Li He
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
East African ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Power Estimate ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
Bubble Number

Abstract A thermal power plant for the East African Rift countries is under study for combined energy and freshwater generation using geothermal water, available at above 500 kPa pressure and temperature exceeding 150°C. This article presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and analysis of the two-phase turbine used for power generation in this total flow thermal plant. Flash boiling was implemented using a two-fluid multiphase model with the thermal phase-change criteria for heat, mass, and momentum transfer in the CFD solver ANSYS CFX. Initially, flashing flow in a converging–diverging nozzle was validated. This stationary nozzle model was then extended to a curved rotating nozzle reaction turbine and the results of flow and power were evaluated against available test data at 400 kPa feed water pressure under subcooled condition of 117°C and a very low backpressure of 6 kPa. Flow through this turbine was predicted within 8% deviation. An overestimate in thermodynamic power by 30–50% was predicted at speeds below 4000 rpm, while at the design speed of 4623 rpm the deviation was less than 5%. Rotor torque and hence power estimate was found to be dependent on the bubble size, bubble number density, and heat transfer parameters prescribed in the CFD model. The vapour dryness fraction at turbine exit was close to an isentropic expansion vapour quality. The isentropic efficiency was 7.5–17% for the analysed speed range.

The Severe Accident Analysis of CPR1000 Based on MELCOR Code

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longze Li ◽  
Mingjun Wang ◽  
Wenxi Tian ◽  
Guanghui Su ◽  
Suizheng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Station Blackout ◽  
Accident Response ◽  
Basic Standard

The severe accident of CPR1000 caused by station blackout with the SG safety valve failure is simulated and analyzed using MELCOR code in this work. The CPR1000 power plant severe accident response process and the results with three different assumptions, which are no the seal leakage nor the auxiliary feed water, the seal leakage and auxiliary feed water exist, the seal leakage exist but no auxiliary feed water separately, are analyzed. According to the calculation results, without the seal leakage and auxiliary feed water, pressure vessel would fail at 9576 s. When auxiliary feed water was supplied, pressure vessel’s failure time would delay nearly 30000s. When the seal leakage exists, pressure vessel’s failure time would delay about 50 s. The results are meaningful and significant for comprehending the detailed process of severe accident for CPR1000 nuclear power plant, which is the basic standard for establishing the severe accident management guideline.

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