scholarly journals Potential of efficient toilets in Hanoi, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurina Otaki ◽  
Masahiro Otaki ◽  
Toshiya Aramaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Residential Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

Abstract Many water authorities have promoted the installation of water-saving devices as an effective way of managing residential water demand. However, there has been some controversy about the effectiveness of such devices in studies in developed countries, and few studies have considered the use of water-saving devices in developing countries, where a rapid increase in water demand is expected. This study focused on toilet replacement and the residential water-saving potential in urban Hanoi, Vietnam – a country presently enjoying remarkable economic growth and increasing water demand – using the Monte Carlo simulation, i.e., stochastic, approach. We surveyed the toilets of 134 households. Annual water savings were not large – 2.2 liters per person per day (1.9% of total residential consumption) – despite the assumption that all toilets would be replaced with efficient ones within three years. Based on this study, a rebate to encourage toilet replacement would have limited effect for saving water, contrary to experience in developed countries. Comparing the volume of water saved, the simple analytical model, i.e. the deterministic approach, under-estimated the water-saving potential.

Impact of residential water saving devices on urban water security: A case of Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linrui Shi ◽  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
Haihong Li ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Residential Water

Beijing is a city with severe water shortage, and the rapidly growing economy and population has led to an increasing water demand for households. Thus, water conservation has become the...

Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mu ◽  
L. Fang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004–2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.

scholarly journals Estimation of Residential Water Demand with Imperfect Price Perception

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Estelle Binet ◽  
Fabrizio Carlevaro ◽  
Michel Paul
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Price Perception ◽  
Residential Water

scholarly journals Determinants of residential water demand in Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1756-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schleich ◽  
Thomas Hillenbrand
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Residential Water

Beijing water resources and the south to north water diversion project

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
The South ◽  
Water Diversion Project ◽  
North Water

Beijing is located in a semiarid region, and water shortage is a common problem in the city. Along with the rapid increase in water demand, due to fast socioeconomic development and an increase in population, a shortage of water resources and a deterioration of the water environment have become obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development in Beijing. In the long run, sustainable water resources management, water conservation, and completion of the south to north water diversion project will solve the problem. This paper introduces the water resources situation in Beijing; analyzes future water demand; and discusses the actions of water saving, nontraditional water resources exploitation, wetland construction, and water environment protection. The paper also explains the importance of the south to north water diversion project and the general layout of the water supply strategy, water distribution system, and methods to efficiently use the diverted water in Beijing.Key words: water resources, water supply, water saving, water recycling, water diversion.

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