scholarly journals Application of horizontal flow constructed wetland and solar driven disinfection technologies for wastewater treatment in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Mishra ◽  
Philipp Otter ◽  
Reetika Shukla ◽  
Alexander Goldmaier ◽  
J. A. Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Electrolytic Production ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Filter Bed

Abstract The present study was conducted to treat primary and secondary treated sewage for its reuse in irrigation, soil enrichment and aquaculture activities. The study involves treatment of this sewage through a subsurface horizontal gravity-fed gravel filter bed with an area of 35 m2. The effluent was then subjected to filtration by zeolite medium and disinfection by inline electrolytic production of chlorine. In order to provide pathogen-free water, an anodic oxidation (AO) disinfection system was implemented, treating a flow of up to 10 m3/d. The gravity-driven constructed wetland and solar-driven disinfection systems were evaluated for their treatment capacity for various physico-chemical and biological parameters. The wetland removed almost 84% of the nitrate (NO3−) and 77% of the phosphate (PO43−). Five-day biological oxygen demand was reduced from 48 mg/l to 10 mg/l from the secondary treated wastewater. The wetland was able to remove 65–70% of bacteria in the wastewater, whereas the AO disinfection system removed the bacterial content to below the detection limit. The implementation of the systems will provide a suitable option for the treatment of wastewater in a very economical and sustainable way.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

The effect of a vertical flow filter bed on a hybrid constructed wetland system

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noorvee ◽  
E. Põldvere ◽  
Ü. Mander
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Filter Bed

Data from 18 sampling wells in Kodijärve horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetland (CW) (South Estonia) is presented and differences in purification efficiencies inside the HSSF CW are calculated. Temporarily anaerobic conditions in the Kodijärve HSSF system did not allow efficient removal of BOD7, NH4-N, Ntot and Ptot. In 2002 a vertical subsurface flow filter was constructed to enhance aeration. The design of the system was based simply on the oxygen demand of the wastewater and on the aeration potential of vertical flow wetlands. The vertical flow system has shown satisfactory results. The purification efficiency of BOD7 in the Kodijärve CW has improved significantly and there has been a slight increase in purification efficiencies of NH4-N and Ntot. On the ohther hand, the removal efficiency of Ptot has decreased significantly. Although, the mass loading rates have increased, mass removal rates of all four parameters have improved significantly. Nevertheless, optimization of the constructed wetland system is essential in order to meet effluent standards during wintertime.

Reuse of constructed wetland effluents for irrigation of energy crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
A. C. Barbera ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
M. Milani ◽  
A. Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production of promising ‘no-food’ energy crops, Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash, Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. and Arundo donax (L.), irrigated with low quality water at different evapotranspiration restitutions. Two horizontal subsurface flow (H-SSF) constructed wetland (CW) beds, with different operation life (12 and 6 years), were used to treat secondary municipal wastewaters for crop irrigation. Water chemical, physical and microbiological parameters as well as plant bio-agronomic characters were evaluated. The results confirm the high reliability of CWs for tertiary wastewater treatment given that the H-SSF1 treatment capacity remained largely unchanged after 12 years of operation. Average total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal for CWs were about 68, 58 and 71%, respectively. The Escherichia coli removal was satisfactory, about 3.3 log unit for both CW beds on average, but caution should be taken as this parameter did not achieve the restrictive Italian law limits for wastewater reuse. The average above-ground dry matter productions were 7 t ha−1 for Vetiveria zizanoides, 24 t ha−1 for Miscanthus × giganteus and 50 t ha−1 for Arundo donax. These results highlight attractive biomass yield by using treated wastewater for irrigation with a complete restitution of evapotranspiration losses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hybrid Constructed Wetland Performance and Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Agricultural Irrigation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Michal Šereš ◽  
Petra Innemanová ◽  
Tereza Hnátková ◽  
Miloš Rozkošný ◽  
Alexandros Stefanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Agriculture is being negatively affected by the decrease in precipitation that has been observed over the last few years. Even in the Czech Republic, farmers are being urged to irrigate their fields despite the fact that sources of water for irrigation are rapidly being depleted. This problem might be partially solved via the reuse of treated wastewater in certain agricultural sectors. However, the public perception of the reuse of wastewater remains negative primarily due to unknown risks to the environment and public health. To overcome this barrier, a semi-operated irrigation field was established at Kostelec nad Ohří in the Central Bohemian region of the Czech Republic and planted with common garden crops such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with two different water sources, i.e., treated wastewater from a local nature-based treatment system, a hybrid constructed wetland (HCW), and local fresh water from well. The HCW was put into operation in 2017 and was reconstructed in 2018 and includes both horizontal and vertical flow beds; the trial irrigation field was added in the same year. The reconstruction of the facility significantly enhanced the removal efficiency with respect to all monitored parameters, e.g., biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N–NH4+, total N and the suspended solids (TSS), except for total P. The HCW also ensured the significant removal of several observed pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, intestinal enterococci and thermotolerant coliforms). During the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, we observed the significantly enhanced growth of the crops irrigated with wastewater from the HCW due to the fertilizing effect. The risks associated with the contamination of crops irrigated with treated water are not negligible and it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to them, especially when introducing irrigation with wastewater into practice.

scholarly journals Options for Improved Treatment of Saline Wastewater From Fish and Shellfish Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Hong Anh ◽  
Esmaeil Shahsavari ◽  
Nathan J. Bott ◽  
Andrew S. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry over recent decades, with annual production reaching 94.6 million tonnes in 2018 has resulted in a significant increase in saline wastewater following the use of seawater in both fish and shellfish production and processing. This wastewater contains high concentrations of nutrients, organic compounds, and total nitrogen, resulting in the requirement for significant treatment prior to discharge to meet environmental regulations, which are becoming more stringent. The infrastructure and running costs associated with physico-chemical treatment approaches are generally higher than the implementation of biological approaches; the latter represents both an economic and sustainable technology. However, salinity represents a significant inhibitor to microbial activity, affecting the efficacy of the biological treatment of wastewater. This review aims to 1) identify the major biodegradable components in saline fish wastewater that may result in deleterious effects upon discharge, 2) discuss the current methods used for the treatment of fish processing wastewaters, and 3) identify opportunities for improved processes to be utilised and identify gaps in knowledge that require further research. Total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total nitrogen (TN) were found to be the most prevalent components in fish effluent. High concentrations of TSS and TN are likely due to the protein content. One method for reducing the environmental impact of the treated wastewater is to enhance nutrient removal (TSS, TN, BOD) through process modification, leading to an increase in active proteolytic activity. Bioaugmentation using immobilised, saline-tolerant proteases or halophilic, protease-producing microorganisms have both shown significant potential in laboratory studies in reducing both the COD and TN content of fish processing wastewater to below discharge limits and therefore may represent commercial options for future treatment processes.

An evaluation of pollutant removal from secondary treated sewage effluent using a constructed wetland system

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
P. Glover ◽  
T. Kalaroopan
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Treated Sewage Effluent

Pilot scale investigations were carried out to examine the pollutant removal efficiency of a constructed wetland receiving secondary treated sewage effluent. Four constructed wetland cells were established, three of them planted with either Schoenoplectus validus, Juncus ingens or both species of macrophytes, and the fourth serving as an unvegetated control cell. Although there was a significant improvement in the effluent quality during the initial ten month period of monitoring, results to date have not indicated any overall trend for pollutant removal by a particular plant species. Biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand removals averaged between 71-75% while suspended solids removals were around 85% in the macrophyte cells. Ammonia reductions were in the range 17-24% but better nitrate reductions between 65-80% were obtained. Phosphorus removal has been low (13%) in all four of the wetland cells and bore hole samples have shown no groundwater contamination with nitrogen or phosphorus from the wetland system to date.

scholarly journals Performance and Kinetics of a Pond-Constructed Wetland System Treating Beef Manure Pile and Exercise Yard Runoff in Eastern Ontario

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Juliana Mejia-Franco ◽  
Chris Kinsley ◽  
Robert Delatolla
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Event Based

Runoff from manure piles and permanent outdoor confinement areas are common sources of pollution from livestock operations, which must be properly managed in accordance with local environmental regulations. Seven months of performance data from a pond-free water surface constructed wetland system receiving cattle feedlot runoff in Eastern Ontario, Canada, were used to evaluate performance and quantify first-order reaction rate constants (k) for organic matter and nutrients. Kinetic values were shown to be strongly temperature dependent and to adequately represent average treatment over the operating season; however, k values varied significantly on shorter time scales due to the event-based nature of the treatment system. Plant (duckweed) uptake of soluble phosphorus and ammonia in the pond was shown to be a predominant mechanism of nutrient removal. The pond-wetland system was effective at reducing biological oxygen demand (BOD5) by 67%, total phosphorus (TP) by 45%, and total nitrogen (TN) by 64%, providing a cost-effective and appropriate solution for beef producers.

scholarly journals On the performance of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for stormwater recovery in Mediterranean climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ventura ◽  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
S. Consoli ◽  
M. Ferrante ◽  
M. Milani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Metals Removal

Abstract The overall efficiency of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland (H-CW), located on a retail store's parking area in Eastern Sicily, for alternative treatment of stormwater runoff and of sequential batch reactor (SBR) effluent was evaluated. Experimental activities were focused on system performances, including wastewater (WW) quality and hydraulic monitoring. System design, macrophyte growth and seasonal factors influenced the pilot plant performance. Very high removal efficiency for microbial indicators were reported within the subsurface horizontal flow unit (HF), playing a strategic role for Clostridium perfringens. The algal growth occurred in the free water surface (FWS) unit and inhibited removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), impairing water quality. The whole H-CW showed good efficiency in trace metals removal, especially for Pb, Zn, and Cu. Preliminary results suggested the reliability of the H-CW technology in decentralised water treatment facilities for enhancing water recovery and reuse.

scholarly journals A study of the treatment of high-salt chromium-containing wastewater by the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1956-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Fengzhen Chen ◽  
Jianqiu Han
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
System A ◽  
Combination System

Abstract In this study, iron ore slag as the photocatalyst was introduced into a constructed wetland simulation system. A comparative experiment of the constructed wetland method and photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method that treats the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater was carried out. The best hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination system was studied. The effects of these two methods on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and Cr(VI) reduction rate of the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater were analysed after 14 periods. The results showed that under the optimal HRT of 4 hours, the COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 47% and 31%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 83% separately in the constructed wetland system. The COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 83% and 42%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 96% separately in the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method system. At the same time, the changes in plant parameters under these two systems were studied, and the results showed that the addition of photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide to constructed wetlands did not affect the normal indicators of plant growth. The results showed that the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method not only reduced the treatment time greatly, but also improved the quality of the treated wastewater significantly.

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