scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and water quality assessment of the Maroon River in Behbahan area, SW Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Ehya ◽  
Zeynab Firouzeh Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Maroon River

Abstract Assessing water quality is important in optimizing water usage. In this study, six water samples were taken from points along the Maroon River in order to evaluate its quality. The concentrations of Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, CO32−, NO3−, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+, as well as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured. The results were compared with the WHO (World Health Organization) drinking water guidelines and the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations) standard for irrigation water. The values of EC, TDS, Ca2+, Cl− and SO42− in two samples, and that of Mg2+ in one sample from downstream exceed WHO recommended limits. The K+, Na+ and NO3− concentrations are below the WHO limits. The dominant water facies is bicarbonate-calcium (HCO3-Ca). A Schoeller diagram shows that the water samples are of ‘Good’ and ‘Intermediate’ classes, while a Wilcox diagram reveals that the water is in classes C2S1, C3S3 and C3S2 – i.e., ‘Good’ or ‘Intermediate’ – for agricultural purposes. The water quality indices %Na, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly's ratio (KR), also indicate that the water is suitable for irrigation. In terms of EC, the water samples are of ‘Good’ and ‘Permissible’ quality. Geochemical investigations show that the water chemistry is influenced by evaporation, dissolution of evaporitic minerals, ion exchange and human activities.

scholarly journals Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
R. E. Daffi ◽  
M. I. Alfa ◽  
E. S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.

scholarly journals Mining and Metal Pollution: Assessment of Water Quality in the Tarkwa Mining Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
A. Ewusi ◽  
B. Y. Apeani ◽  
I. Ahenkorah ◽  
R. S. Nartey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hydrochemical Modelling ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dug Well

The quality of water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. Previous studies in Tarkwa, an area noted for gold and manganese extraction, have reported large concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and mercury in water samples. This research aimed at investigating the chemistry of groundwater with special focus on the contamination status of trace elements. It also compared levels of metal concentration with those that were determined in previous research works, to identify changes that might have occurred. Thirty-eight water samples from boreholes, hand-dug wells and streams, within the Tarkwa area were obtained and analysed. Results show that 90 % of water in the area is acidic and Eh was determined to be positive, depicting oxidizing conditions. Mean groundwater temperature was 28.9 ºC. Thirty-two samples had either temperature or pH values falling outside the range recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Thirty samples had at least one metal concentration exceeding the WHO guideline values. Among the list of elements that exceeded the guideline, arsenic, manganese, nitrate, nitrite and iron were the most predominant. The dominant ions in the samples were sodium and bicarbonate. High concentrations of Fe and SO42- in some parts of the study area point to the influence of acid mine drainage (AMD). Comparisons of results of metal concentrations with findings from previous research in the area showed a reduction in concentration. Hydrochemical modelling with PhreeqC attributed this reduction to sorption processes. Comparison of levels of metal concentration in the different water supply facilities (borehole, hand-dug well and stream) showed no significant variations. Keywords: Water Quality, Drinking Water, Hydrochemical Modelling, Heavy Metals

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
F., F. Akinola ◽  
M., O. Lasisi ◽  
B., S. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

scholarly journals Perspectives in Water Quality Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Health Organization

One can assess the quality of water by water quality index method and it is a mathematical method to evaluate the water quality based on physical or chemical parameters, using WQI one can evaluate the water quality of both ground water and surface water, while determining the WQI one can use the standards or guidelines provided by some standard organizations like WHO (world health organization), National Standard Body of India (BIS), ICMR (Indian Council for Medical Research) etc. To assign grade to the water samples under study, apart from the WQI there are some other popular techniques used to evaluate water quality they are statistical methods, multivariate statistics, neural networks, fuzzy logic and machine learning algorithms. The aim of this study is to give insight into various methods used or developed to evaluate water quality of both ground and surface water by earlier research works.

Spatial And Seasonal Variation For Water Quality Indices of Gomal Zam Dam And Its Tributaries In The South Waziristan District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Insha Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract This study investigated the quality of water in the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries, south Waziristan District, Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples were collected from the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries in the winter and summer seasons (n=24 in each season). Water samples were analyzed for the anions using a multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer). Water characteristics were compared and found within drinking water guidelines set by the world health organization (WHO), except turbidity. Water characteristics were evaluated for the water quality index (WQI) and sodium hazards such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%). Based on WQI and sodium hazards, the water of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries were observed as good and in permissible levels for drinking and irrigation water, respectively. The winter season has slightly poor water quality compared to the summer season due to higher contamination. Gibbs’s and Piper's models showed that the water quality of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries was mainly characterized by the weathering of bedrocks. The studied water is classified as Na-Cl type and Mg-HCO3 types in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources of rock weathering are the dominant factor for controlling the water quality of the area.

scholarly journals Well Water Quality Assessment: A Case of Gaba and Zuma Communities, Bwari Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-974
Author(s):  
C.C. Ezeh ◽  
G.A. Udourioh ◽  
J.C. Echoke ◽  
O.C. Matthews-Amune
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dug Well

The sixth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underscores the need for clean, accessible water and good sanitation for all as an essential part of the world we live in. However, water scarcity still affects more than 30% of the world’s population. Many communities, especially in Africa, have resorted to substandard and cheaper sources of water for consumption, and hand dug well is one of them. In this study, the physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological assessment of well water samples from Gaba 1, Gaba 11 and Zuma 11 communities in Bwari Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria were carried out as a case study to determine the quality of well water. The American Public Health Association (APHA) standard analytical methods were adopted and results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). From the results obtained for the physicochemical parameters, turbidity and colour did not meet up with the WHO and NSDWQ standard. Colour ranged from 330±20PtCo to 57.60±14.50PtCo as against 15PtCo by WHO and NSDWQ, turbidity ranged from 45.2±0.2NTU to 7.19±0.4NTU as against 5NTU by WHO and NSDWQ. Other physicochemical parameters were within WHO and NSDWQ limit. The bacteriological and biochemical results showed the presence of E-coli and other coliforms in all the samples. The total coliforms count for all the wells ranged from 1.55x102 to 1.775x102 CFU/ml, indicating a noncompliance to the zero count per 100ml by WHO. Well water from these communities pose a great health risk to the consumers. Keywords: Well water, Quality assessment, Physicochemical parameters, Microbiological, WHO.

scholarly journals Water quality and land use/cover changes in the Phewa Watershed, Gandaki Province, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Kiran Bishwakarma ◽  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Khadka Bahadur Pal ◽  
Archana Ghimire ◽  
Lal B Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Freshwater Management ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Knowledge and understanding of land use and water quality nexus is an important precursor for assessing the human-water interactions and sustainable freshwater management. In this study, the land use/cover change (LUCC) and water quality assessment with respect to drinking and irrigational purposes were carried out in Phewa Lake, Nepal. A total of 20 water samples were collected during the winter and summer seasons in 2017 and were analysed for major hydrochemical variables. The water quality index of Phewa Lake was found to be 5.15 and 2.57 during the winter and summer, respectively, indicating the suitability of water for drinking purposes. The results revealed that the electrical conductivity, sodium percentage, and sodium adsorption ratio were found to be 38.80 µS/cm, 16.99, and 0.10, respectively in the summer and 85.06 µS/cm, 14.68, and 0.15, respectively in the winter. Similarly, permeability index, Kelly’s ratio, magnesium hazard, cation ratio of soil structural stability, and Wilcox diagram exhibited that the water was suitable for irrigation in both seasons with relatively better quality in the summer. The dynamic pattern of LUCC in the Phewa watershed exhibited an increase in the spatial extent of forest, shrub-land, grassland, and built-up area, whereas decreasing trend of agricultural land, barren land, and water bodies. Irrespective of the seasonality, the LUCC-water quality nexus showed elevated concentrations in the proximity of the urban settlements. The present study could be helpful for the restoration of water quality by sustainable land-use practices in the Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Causes and side effects of changing water quality in Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Abdulamir Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Association ◽  
City Water ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality of seasonal water rivers is on a quick decline due to various human activities arising as a result of urbanization and population growth. This study assessed the water quality of the Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk during two seasons: winter and summer (wet and dry). Thirty-seven water samples were collected from eight monitoring observation points along the Khassa-Chai river during October 2019 and March 2020. Water samples were analyzed for various parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), color, and dissolved oxygen (DO). These physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standards methods demonstrated by the American Public Health Association (APHA). To determine the significant difference, all the results obtained were statistically analyzed. In most results, higher concentrations are out of the indicated permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). It can be concluded that the most domestic wastewater effluents are discharged into the river, such as sewage coming from nearby houses and restaurants in addition to the solid waste produced from close commercial stores. To reduce the negative impact on water and human health, pollution sources need to be properly managed. The paper calls for further research to figure out the ability of the Khassa-Chai river to make the use of city water in improving the environment.

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality Assessment of Daur Taluka, Shaheed Benazir Abad

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2785-2789
Author(s):  
M. A. Keerio ◽  
N. Bhatti ◽  
S. R. Samo ◽  
A. Saand ◽  
A. A. Bhuriro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of this study was to assess the ground water quality of Daur Taluka of district Shaheed Benazir Abad for drinking purposes. Forty groundwater samples were collected from different locations and brought to Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) for analyzing various groundwater physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results of this study revealed that color, pH, magnesium, alkalinity and nitrate of all samples were found within the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Analytical results revealed that the percentage of samples that were beyond WHO standards was 15% regarding taste, 42.5% regarding TDS, 20% regarding chlorine, 12.5% regarding sulfate 12.5 regarding sodium and 32.5% regarding hardness. Microbiological contamination was found positive in the 25% of samples. The findings of this study revealed that the most (82.5%) of the samples of the study area belong to the category of hard to very hard water and their nature were alkaline.

scholarly journals Application of Multivariate Approaches to the Hydro-chemical Assessment of the Ghodaghodi Lake, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Khadka Bahadur Pal ◽  
Kiran Bishwakarma ◽  
Lal B Thapa ◽  
Alina Dangol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

Wetlands are considered the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world, providing life-sustaining ecological services. Hydrochemical variables of the Ghodaghodi Lake situated in Far west Nepal were studied using multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of water quality of the lake. A total of 10water samples were collected and analyzed for water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, salinity, dissolved oxygen, major ions, and dissolved Si in the pre-monsoon season during 2017.The water quality assessment was carried out by applying sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index, Kelly’s ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio, action ratio of soil structural stability, and water quality index. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate the geochemical and anthropogenic processes and to identify factors influencing the ionic concentrations. The results revealed that the water was slightly alkaline with low ionic strength and remarkable spatial variations. The hydrochemistry of the lake was mainly controlled by rock weathering as the dominant Ca2+-HCO3- facies. The principal component analysis provided three major components exhibiting the diverse sources of natural and anthropogenic chemicals, including agricultural fertilizers, leakage of sewages near the human settlements, etc. The measured hydrochemical parameters indicate that lake water lies within the safe drinking water and irrigational standards. However, special consideration should be taken to control the concentrations of NO3- due to increasing anthropic activities.

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