scholarly journals Alternative collection systems for decentralized wastewater management: an overview and case study of the vacuum collection system in Eretria town, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Gikas ◽  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Dimitrios Sougioultzis ◽  
Maria Farazaki ◽  
George Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Installation Cost ◽  
Wastewater Collection

In small and rural communities, the installation cost of conventional gravity-flow collection systems is often very expensive due to the presence of rocky terrain, high water table, unstable soils, extremely flat terrain, which may impose substantial difficulties in construction. Pressure, vacuum and septic tank effluent gravity collection systems are among the alternatives sewers used most commonly. As these systems are designed to be watertight, design allowances for infiltration and inflow are not required. Moreover, exfiltration does not occur in these systems, thus eliminating the risk for soil or underground water contamination. The installation cost of the alternative wastewater collection systems is often significantly lower by as much as 20–50%, compared to conventional gravity-flow collection systems. In general, alternative collection systems are suitable for communities of 10,000 people or less. In this paper, alternative wastewater collection systems are described and their benefits, costs and drawbacks are compared to conventional gravity-flow collection systems. Eretria, a relatively flat littoral town in Greece, with many shallow archaeological ruins has been selected to illustrate the optimal selection of a sewer system. Using multi-criteria analysis, the vacuum sewer system has been selected as being the most advantageous, both in terms of financial and technical considerations.

scholarly journals Biorremediação vegetal do esgoto domiciliar: o caso da fossa verde em comunidades rurais do Alto Sertão Alagoano

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Oliveira Netto ◽  
Luciana Da Rocha Melo Guerra ◽  
Mário Rodrigues Pereira da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Farias Wanderley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
First Results ◽  
Proper Disposal

The deficit regarding the coverage of collection and treatment of sewage requires systems that combine proper disposal of wastewater and low construction and operating costs. In this context the bioremediation through the green septic tank, sustainable social and low cost technology, presents itself as a viable alternative especially for rural municipalities. This objective social technology contribute to confronting the domestic sewage problem and its consequences for public health and the environment; It is alternative for allocation of domestic sewage, as well as allowing the cultivation of some fruit species. Through partnership with the project Renas-Ser engaged in the management of surface and underground water bodies, three green septic tanks were constructed and are in the initial phase of operation in arid rural communities of Alagoas, contemplating the proper conditioning of domestic sewage. The first results of reduction in organic matter are very encouraging, with a view to removing approximately 38% of COD on the first support layer. The next phase is to define the others parameters to monitor and verify the approval of users of the technology.

An alternative approach for municipal wastewater management: Technology options for small and medium towns

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nath ◽  
A. K. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Developed Countries

In India, and most other developing countries of Asia and Africa, the urban, peri-urban and rural communities suffer from serious lack of sustainable wastewater and sanitation facilities. Unlike in the developed countries, the standard practice of human excreta and wastewater disposal system (sewerage) is not functional in most urban communities. The Western model sewerage system is largely unaffordable for most communities. The problem is extremely serious and critical, in small and medium towns. The septic tank system, tried in many urban localities, also faces serious problems in operation and maintenance. This paper reviews the Indian scenario in respect of urban wastewater and sanitation management, with particular reference to the problems of small and medium towns, and describes an alternative approach for sustainable human excreta and wastewater disposal systems that could be affordable and sustainable for small and medium towns in India.

Batch studies on septic tank effluent treatment using peat

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Viraraghavan ◽  
A. Ayyaswami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Batch studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of Saskatchewan horticultural peat to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, nitrogen, and indicator microorganisms from septic tank effluent. Results of the studies showed that peat was effective in adsorbing 35–50% of dissolved BOD, COD, and organic carbon from the septic tank effluent and in removing indicator microorganisms to the extent of 45–70%. The studies showed that peat has the potential to be used as a medium for septic tank effluent treatment in areas with high water table and with bedrock at shallow depths. Because of leaching of pollutants from peat in the 2-h batch studies, it is necessary to conduct long-term column studies to observe the length of time up to which leaching continues and to evaluate the performance of a peat filtration system under dynamic conditions. Key words: batch studies, septic tank effluent, treatment, peat, adsorption isotherms, indicator microorganisms.

scholarly journals Woven-Fiber Microfiltration (WFMF) and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) for Treating Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Sara Beck ◽  
Poonyanooch Suwan ◽  
Thusitha Rathnayeke ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Victor Huanambal-Sovero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems enable wastewater to be treated at the source for cleaner discharge into the environment, protecting public health while allowing for reuse for agricultural and other purposes. This study, conducted in Thailand, investigated a decentralized wastewater treatment system incorporating a physical and photochemical process. Domestic wastewater from a university campus and conventional septic tank effluent from a small community were filtered through a woven-fiber microfiltration (WFMF) membrane as pretreatment for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. In domestic wastewater, WFMF reduced TSS (by 79.8%), turbidity (76.5%), COD (38.5%), and NO3 (41.4%), meeting Thailand irrigation standards for every parameter except BOD. In septic tank effluent, it did not meet Thailand irrigation standards, but reduced TSS (by 77.9%), COD (37.6%), and TKN (13.5%). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) and viruses (MS2 bacteriophage) passing through the membrane were disinfected by flow-through UV reactors containing either a low-pressure mercury lamp or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting an average peak wavelength of 276 nm. Despite challenging and variable water quality conditions (2% < UVT < 88%), disinfection was predictable across water types and flow rates for both UV sources using combined variable modeling, which enabled us to estimate log inactivation of other microorganisms. Following UV disinfection, wastewater quality met the WHO standards for unrestricted irrigation.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Septic Tank Effluent and a Soil Biomat

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3348-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Tomaras ◽  
Jason W. Sahl ◽  
Robert L. Siegrist ◽  
John R. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

ABSTRACT Microbial diversity of septic tank effluent (STE) and the biomat that is formed as a result of STE infiltration on soil were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results indicate that microbial communities are different within control soil, STE, and the biomat and that microbes found in STE are not found in the biomat. The development of a stable soil biomat appears to provide the best on-site water treatment or protection for subsequent groundwater interactions of STE.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

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