Recycled water – lessons from Australia on dealing with risk and uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turner ◽  
P. Mukheibir ◽  
C. Mitchell ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
M. Retamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Potential Risks

Much can be learned from the numerous water recycling schemes currently in operation in Australia, especially with respect to making investment decisions based on uncertain assumptions. This paper illustrates through a number of case studies, that by considering the contextual and project related risks, a range of business related risks become apparent. Shifts in the contextual landscape and the various players’ objectives can occur over the life of a project, often leading to unforeseen risk and uncertainty. Through a thorough consideration of the potential risks presented in this paper, proponents as well as owners and managers might make better recycled water investment decisions, enhancing the benefits and minimizing the costs of water recycling schemes. This paper presents an overview and discussion of seven key factors to consider when planning a recycling scheme.

Changing of the water recycling paradigm in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
M. H. Muston
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
International Context ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The Many

The development of water recycling schemes in Australia has, in recent years, undergone a maturity characterised by some emerging trends in the paradigm of water reuse and its integration into the overall water supply strategies for large urban and peri-urban areas. This paper looks at case studies within the context of these observed trends and discusses the institutional frameworks as well as some technical aspects of the case studies to illustrate the trends. Comparison is made with some selected international examples to develop a better understanding of these recent Australian developments within the international context. While not a complete inventory of the many recent recycling schemes in Australia, the paper examines these emerging trends within the context of the growing number of larger-scale industrial, agricultural and dual reticulation urban recycled water systems in Australia and the trend to decentralised recycling schemes.

RECYCLED WATER RISK PERCEPTION - A COMPARISON OF TWO CASE STUDIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hurlimann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Water Uses

This paper reports results from a study comparing perceived risk associated with various recycled water uses in two Australian locations, both in the state of Victoria: the capital city Melbourne, and Bendigo a regional urban centre. Both locations are experiencing ‘drought’, but Bendigo is experiencing this in a more acute manner. A case study is used in each location. Both case studies involve future use of recycled water in new commercial buildings. An on-line survey was used to measure attitudes to recycled water of the future occupants of both buildings. The study found perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water increased as the use became increasingly personal. Interestingly, no difference in perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water was found between locations. Prior experience (use) of recycled water was found to be a significant and positive factor in reducing risk perception. Various attitudinal variables were found to be significant influences on perceived risk. Results indicate that reducing perceived risk of recycled water use may increase satisfaction with its use.

Climbing the ladder: a step by step approach to international guidelines for water recycling

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anderson ◽  
A. Adin ◽  
J. Crook ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
R. Hultquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
International Panel ◽  
International Water

Given the pressures on the world's freshwater resources, recycled water is a valuable resource. Recycled water can increase the reliability of water supply because it is an independent source of water. Water recycling requires effective measures to protect public health and the environment. In the absence of comprehensive international guidelines, different countries have developed different approaches to managing water recycling depending on the understanding of the health risks, their individual economic circumstances, and affordability. Approaches vary between high technology/high cost/low risk and low technology/low cost/controlled risk. Furthermore, differences occur between countries and within individual countries. Inconsistencies can often be traced to lack of a unified scientific position on health effects. These inconsistencies increase public concerns about health risks and may give rise to conservative controls on responses to water recycling projects that some countries may be unable to afford. In this paper, an international panel of authors discusses how the different water recycling approaches might be linked together into international water recycling guidelines. These guidelines would incorporate a uniform approach to assessing hazards and risks while providing flexibility for individual countries to vary requirements to suit local circumstances of affordability and risk. The authors propose a framework of guidelines in which individual countries can progressively improve recycled water quality as lower risk levels become more affordable. The authors argue that a uniform international approach will result in a number of benefits including a better focus on risk management, better targeted research and development efforts and greater public confidence in water recycling. The authors invite discussion on the concepts put forward in the paper.

Cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Panibratov
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Organizational Integration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors that influence the integration process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). The research questions are: how national and organizational culture coupled with other organizational characteristics influence M&A deals of EMNEs? Which factors influence the process of cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals, initiated by EMNEs? What is the effect and consequences that different integration factors have on cross-border M&A deals by EMNEs? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study research, considering cross-border deals of Chinese and Russian firms separately. Each block consists of two cases, describing M&A integration of companies operating in two sectors: high technology and finance. The authors obtained the data for case studies from companies’ official websites, annual reports, press releases, other official documents where companies were mentioned, business-media sources (newspapers and magazines), published interviews, documented speeches, letters, laws, as well as through blogs and social networks. The authors have also used the published information from articles, books, databases, and previously conducted case studies. Findings The authors have identified the factors influencing deals’ results of Chinese and Russian MNEs, with explanation based on case studies’ analysis. The full list of factors is presented in Table IV in the manuscript. The authors have also identified the set of elements that were derived from the case studies’ analysis only, without having any strong support in the literature, such as changes at a senior management level, educational and business exchanges, CSR policy, and the government involvement. Originality/value The authors have identified the key factors that influence integration of emerging market firms in cross-border M&A deal. The list of factors was adjusted and actualized in accordance with the results of four cases of cross-border M&A deals of Chinese or Russian companies. As a result, the authors founded the combination of characteristics of cultural and organizational integration process of firms from China and Russia.

Modelos de negocio para el periodismo: una propuesta metodológica para realizar estudios de caso

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Cristian Ramón Marín Sanchiz ◽  
◽  
Miguel Carvajal Prieto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Media Economics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Digital Journalism ◽  
Sustainable Business Models ◽  
Revenue Streams

The journalism industry faces difficulties in creating sustainable business models for the digital age. Communications research has looked at this challenge through case studies and panoramic perspectives, but there’s a lack of holistic views and a need for focus on value creation. In this situation, this paper presents a systematic literature review that confirms there’s a clear lack of standardization between the case studies, whose main focus have been revenue streams at the expense of deeper analysis of other key factors for the economic success of a company, like the value proposition. With the aim to contribute to the solution of this problem, the paper also proposes a methodological tool that allows future researchers to analyze the business model of a journalism company in a standard way with a view to facilitate better comparisons between companies and to understand success patterns of sustainable business models in order to promote innovation and knowledge exchange. Keywords: Business Models for Journalism; Revenue Streams for Journalism; Media Companies; Digital Journalism; Media Business Models Analysis; Media Economics.

Getting over yuck: moving from psychological to cultural and sociotechnical analyses of responses to water recycling

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Russell ◽  
Colleen Lux
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Cultural Explanation ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Discussion of public reactions to water recycling is now framed around the idea of a ‘yuck factor’: advocates tend to assume an emotional response is the primary determinant of people's attitudes to reuse and they despair of people accepting rational arguments on its merits. Academic and consultancy work in the area has been dominated by particular work from social psychology: theories of disgust, models of attitude causation, and psychometric methods for measuring attitudes and determining the influences on them. This paper questions the models, their assumptions, the methods used to apply and validate them, their implications for change, and the practical consequences of framing the problem this way. It suggests that more fruitful explanations and more effective public engagement both require a shift to a more sociological and cultural explanation, one that examines users’ practices around the sociotechnical systems of providing water and handling waste. The paper concludes there are no compelling arguments or evidence that negative reactions to recycled water cannot change with opportunities to learn about the issues; indeed deliberative consultation mechanisms are essential if people are to reach an informed, reasoned and robust evaluation of the option. The ‘yuck’ discourse is of limited value in explaining public responses and counterproductive in formulating strategies for increasing public support.

scholarly journals Meeting the recycled water challenge for Sydney

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Mark Angeles ◽  
Michael Storey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Health Risk Management ◽  
Intended Use

Sydney Water is seeking to maximise the delivery of recycled water meeting suitable standards for the intended use. The approach of health risk management through the 12 components of the national guidelines for water recycling is used in close consultation with the NSW Department of Health. Considerable effort is being put into demonstrating compliance with the guidelines when they are applied to specific recycling projects.

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