Septic Tank Effluent Treatment by Subsurface Horizontal Flow Wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellina S. Pandebesie ◽  
Ni Wayan Budi Arie
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Bod Removal

Domestic wastewater treatment in Indonesia, mostly treat by using septic tanks. The use of septic tanks preferred by the public because of the design, construction, and maintenance are easy and more economical for the system of domestic wastewater disposal. Effluent from the septic tank still contains BOD about 100 mg /l, COD about 250 mg/l and TSS about 100 mg /l. This effluent is still dangerous to public health and is not fulfill wastewater effluent standards yet. If there is open space available, extended treatment of septic tank effluent can be done by field infiltration. This open space must suitable for infiltration without contaminating the ground water or well water. In urban areas with ground water level is high such as Surabaya, water infiltrate into the ground causing the problem. Problems that arise are due to pollution of ground water and surface water contaminated by effluent from the septic tank. Because of these problems, it would require an alternative treatment of septic tank effluent. Appropriate technology would be a simple, economical, easy in operation and maintenance. One of wastewater processing that can be applied to the septic tank effluent is a constructed wetland system. Previous research carried out by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media in batch experiments showed satisfactory results. In this study, experiments conducted by using Cyperus papyrus plant with sand media with continuous flow in a horizontal subsurface flow wetland method. Wastewater flows with varying flow 90 ml /min and 180 ml /min. The objective of this research is to determine the ability of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland for treating septic tank effluent. The parameters analyzed were BOD and TSS. The results show the relation of organic loading rate with BOD removal efficiency. The highest organic loading rate of 0.051 kg BOD/m2.d on first day observations has BOD removal efficiency of 73.63% and the lowest organic loading rate of 0.029 kg BOD/m2.d with an efficiency of 70.82%. This shows that BOD removal efficiency is affected by organic loading rate. If BOD loading rate increase, it will decrease BOD removal efficiency. Organic loading rate recommended for domestic wastewater is 0.037-0.4 kg BOD5 /m2.d. Although in this study the organic loading rate exceeds the above recommendations, but efficiency is still good, above 70%.

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Using Laboratory-Scale Peat Filters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Coleman ◽  
I.D. Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Flow Treatment ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Bod Removal

Abstract Filter columns were designed, constructed from sand, peat and coarse gravel, and their effectiveness assessed in the treatment of septic tank effluent. An initial loading rate of 4 cm/d was applied to the filter columns in either a downward or upward flow at a temperature of 10°C or 20°C. The loading rate was later increased to 8 cm/d. Filter-column plugging occurred in the downward flow treatment but not in the upward flow treatment. Fecal Coliform removal was usually greater than 95%, BOD removal was greater than 75%, and various removal levels were exhibited for other components. Microbial colonization of peat and gravel was effective as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Performance of AnMBR in Treatment of Post-consumer Food Waste: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Production and Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javkhlan Ariunbaatar ◽  
Robert Bair ◽  
Onur Ozcan ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is typically limited to large reactors due to high hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Technologies such as anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) can perform anaerobic digestion at lower HRTs while maintaining high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) on the stability and performance of a side-stream AnMBR in treating diluted fresh food waste (FW). The reactor was fed with synthetic FW at an influent concentration of 8.24 (± 0.12) g COD/L. The OLR was increased by reducing the HRT from 20 to 1 d. The AnMBR obtained an overall removal efficiency of >97 and >98% of the influent COD and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, throughout the course of operation. The biological process was able to convert 76% of the influent COD into biogas with 70% methane content, while the cake layer formed on the membrane gave an additional COD removal of 7%. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found to be higher in the bioreactor than in the influent, and average overall removal efficiencies of 17.3 (± 5) and 61.5 (± 3)% of TAN and TN, respectively, were observed with respect to the bioreactor concentrations after 2 weeks. Total phosphorus (TP) had an average removal efficiency of 40.39 (± 5)% with respect to the influent. Membrane fouling was observed when the HRT was decreased from 7 to 5 d and was alleviated through backwashing. This study suggests that the side-stream AnMBR can be used to successfully reduce the typical HRT of wet anaerobic food waste (solids content 7%) digesters from 20 days to 1 day, while maintaining a high COD removal efficiency and biogas production.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC LOADING AND MIXING TO THE STABILIZED LEACHATE COD REMOVAL USING CIRCULATING ANAEROBIC REACTOR

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Aghasa Aghasa ◽  
Qomarudin Helmy ◽  
Mochammad Chaerul
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Lagoon System ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract In Indonesia, several leachate treatments were operated with most of the treatments are using conventional anaerobic lagoon system in pre-treatment section. However, most of the treatments still have low organic removal efficiency. In several studies, removal efficiency could be increased through several modifications inside the pond and one of them is by using mixing addition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare leachate organic removal efficiency by using mixing and without using mixing modification. This research used 3 kinds of Circulating Anaerobic Reactor (CAR) where 0.5 kg/m3∙day Organic Loading Rate (OLR) in reactor-1 (with mixing) and reactor-3 (without mixing) and 1.0 kg/m3∙day OLR in reactor-2 (with mixing) were operated inside the reactor. From the results, the organic removal efficiency in reactor-1 was 81.82%, reactor-2 was 82.22%, and reactor-3 was 41.67%. It can be proven that leachate organic removal efficiency was possible to be increased with the addition of mixing inside the treatment system. Keywords: Circulating Anaerobic Reactor; leachate; mixing; organic loading; removal efficiency  Abstrak PENGARUH BEBAN ORGANIK DAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP PENYISIHAN COD LINDI TERSTABILISASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CIRCULATING ANAEROBIC REACTOR. Di Indonesia, pengolahan lindi dioperasikan dengan sebagian besar pengolahan menggunakan sistem kolam anaerobik konvensional pada bagian pre-treatment. Akan tetapi, sebagian besar pengolahan masih memiliki penyisihan organik yang rendah. Dalam beberapa penelitian, efisiensi penyisihan dapat ditingkatkan melalui beberapa modifikasi di dalam kolam dan salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan pengadukan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efisiensi penyisihan organik lindi dengan menggunakan pengadukan dan tanpa menggunakan pengadukan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 3 jenis Circulating Anaerobic Reactor (CAR) dimana reaktor tersebut dioperasikan dengan Organic Loading Rate (OLR) sebesar 0,5 kg/m3∙hari di dalam reaktor-1 (dengan pengadukan) dan reaktor-3 (tanpa pengadukan) dan OLR sebesar 1,0 kg/m3∙hari dalam reaktor -2 (dengan pengadukan). Dari hasil penelitian, efisiensi penyisihan organik di dalam reaktor-1 adalah sebesar 81,82%, reaktor-2 sebesar 82,22%, dan reaktor-3 sebesar 41,67%. Melalui hal tersebut, dapat dibuktikan bahwa efisiensi penyisihan organik pada lindi memungkinkan untuk ditingkatkan dengan penambahan pengadukan di dalam sistem pengolahan. Kata kunci: Circulating Anaerobic Reactor; lindi; pengadukan; beban organic; efisiensi penyisihan  

Treatment of low and medium strength sewage in a lab-scale gradual concentric chambers (GCC) reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mendoza ◽  
M. Carballa ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scale Design ◽  
Final Effluent

One of the major challenges of anaerobic technology is its applicability for low strength wastewaters, such as sewage. The lab-scale design and performance of a novel Gradual Concentric Chambers (GCC) reactor treating low (165±24 mg COD/L) and medium strength (550 mg COD/L) domestic wastewaters were studied. Experimental data were collected to evaluate the influence of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in the influent and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of the GCC reactor. Two reactors (R1 and R2), integrating anaerobic and aerobic processes, were studied at ambient (26°C) and mesophilic (35°C) temperature, respectively. The highest COD removal efficiency (94%) was obtained when treating medium strength wastewater at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.9 g COD/L·d (HRT = 4 h). The COD levels in the final effluent were around 36 mg/L. For the low strength domestic wastewater, a highest removal efficiency of 85% was observed, producing a final effluent with 22 mg COD/L. Changes in the nutrient concentration levels were followed for both reactors.

Anaerobic Digestion of Domestic Wastewater: The Role of Alkalinity in the Rate and Extent of Digestion

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Foxon ◽  
CJ Brouckaert ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
High Loading Rate ◽  
High Selection ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Anaerobic System

For an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating domestic wastewater, the major variables affecting the rate and extent of digestion are the organic loading/residence time, the upflow velocity and the pH/alkalinity characteristics of the wastewater. In this study, an ABR was operated at two different flow rates; in Phase A, a higher loading rate of 0.74 kgCOD/m3.d was employed, while in Phase B, the loading rate was reduced to 0.40 kgCOD/m3.d. At the higher organic loading rate, significantly higher solids accumulation rates per kgCOD treated were obtained, and it was estimated that only 30% of the influent COD was converted to CH4. At the lower loading rate the estimated conversion to methane was 60%. The most probable cause for the poor COD removal was failure of stable anaerobic microbial consortia to establish under the relatively high selection pressure experienced at the high loading rate, due to washout of anaerobic species. It was concluded that low wastewater alkalinity (240 mgCaCO3/l) characteristic of the KwaZulu-Natal East Coast region resulted in low compartment pH values and associated inhibition of microbial activity, causing slower digestion of organics, and greater washout, particularly of methanogenic organisms, at higher up-flow velocities. The implication was that critical value for up-flow velocity, above which washout of anaerobic species occurs, depends on the organic loading and the prevailing pH and alkalinity. This has implications for the stability of any anaerobic system, and the extent of treatment of the effluent, specifically, that low wastewater alkalinity has the potential to significantly affect reactor design in any anaerobic system.

Organic loading rate and food-to-microorganism ratio shape prokaryotic diversity in a demo-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating domestic wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Cardinali-Rezende ◽  
Juliana C. Araújo ◽  
Paulo G. S. Almeida ◽  
Carlos A. L. Chernicharo ◽  
José L. Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Prokaryotic Diversity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

scholarly journals Degradation of Organic Constituents in a Biphasic Anaerobic Digester for Treating Pharmaceutical Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 679-682
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Acidogenic Reactor ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

A laboratory scale of biphasic anaerobic bioreactor was operated in a total working volume of 36.92l with 6.15l of Acidogenic and 30.77l of Methanogenic reactor for treating Pharmaceutical wastewater in a mesophilic conditions. The Organic Loading Rate for this experimental study was varied from 1.448 to 30.80Kg COD/m3 .d for Acidogenic Reactor and 0.364 to 9.435Kg COD/m3 .d for Methanogenic reactor. The maximum COD removal efficiency was attained 87.54% with OLR of 2.750Kg COD/m3 .d in Methanogenic reactor and 27.39% with OLR of 3.578 Kg COD/m3 .d Acidogenic reactors. The overall reactor reached the maximum COD removal efficiency of 83.52% with an influent COD of 2864mg/l of pharmaceutical wastewater

scholarly journals Effects of Methanol on the Treatability of Black Liquor using UASB Reactor

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Hasim Nisar Hashmi ◽  
Intikhab A. Q.
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Gas Conversion

This study was conducted on a laboratory scale UASB (upfow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor, treating an actual pulping effluent at an organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time of 2.1 kg-COD/m3d and 44 hours, respectively. To investigate the impacts of methanol, it was subjected to the reactor with the feeding solution (substrate) in concentration ranging from 100 mgTOC/l to 700mgTOC/l. It was observed that the overall TOC and COD removal efficiency of the reactor was improved gradually from 36% and 34% to 57% and 55%, respectively, by increasing the concentration of methanol up to 600 mgTOC/l, but very little effects of methanol on the removal efficiency of lignin were observed. The lignin removal efficiency of the reactor slightly changed from 25% to 31%. The gas conversion rate was found to be improved slightly from 0.31[L-CH4/g-CODrem.day] to 0.34 [L-CH4/g-CODrem.day], with an average methane composition of 61%. Hence, addition of methanol to the reactor can improve the black liquor degradation up to certain extent.Key words: Black liquor; Methanol; UASB; Lignin; TOCDOI: 10.3126/hn.v6i0.4193Hydro Nepal Vol. 6, January 2010Page: 42-46Uploaded Date: 24 January, 2011

A Batch Activated Sludge Study of Pineapple Wastewater Using a Bioaugmentation Process

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Fuaad Nik Abllah ◽  
Aik Heng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Sludge Production

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of batch activated sludge reactor for treating pineapple wastewater and to examine the effects of bioaugmentation on treatment performance. The experimental set-up consists of eleven batch reactors. Activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as seed for the reactors. Synthetic pineapple wastewater was used as feed for the reactors. The eleven reactors were arranged to evaluate the total organic removal, nitrification, and sludge production by bioaugmentation process. Three major factors considered were influent organic loading, ammonia-nitrogen, and dosage of bacterial-culture-product addition. Removal of TOG (total organic carbon), sludge production in terms of SS(suspended solids), and ammonia-nitrogen removal variation are used as evaluation parameters. The TOC removal efficiency after the end of a 48 hour reactor run, for influent TOC of 350.14 to 363.30 mg/l, and 145.92 to 169.66 mg/l, was 94.41 to 95.89%, and 93.72 to 94.73% respectively. Higher organic removal was observed in the bioaugmented reactors with higher organic loading. The better organic removal efficiency in the bioaugmented reactors was probably due to activities of bacteria added. The test results also indicated that sludge yield was enhanced by the bacteria additive and high bacteria dosage produced less sludge. Bioaugmentation was observed to be a suitable alternative for enhancing the biological treatment of pineapple wastewater.

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