scholarly journals Can shared standpipes fulfil the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe water for urban poor in Kenya?

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Strict Enforcement

Abstract With the analyses of secondary data, the study finds that there has been a consistent increase in safe water coverage in Kenya over the years, mostly through paid common standpipes. However, primary data collected through in-depth field investigations in the Mathare slums of Nairobi reveal that the paid standpipes are overstressed and are prone to unreliable services, neglected operation and maintenance, illegal connections, water theft, unregulated and high tariffs and client favouritism on the basis of tribal affiliations. Thus, the most effective way to serve the urban poor is to increase the number of working standpipes with fixed operating schedules per day, along with strict enforcement of water tariff regulations.

scholarly journals Explaining the outcomes of the ‘Clean India’ campaign: institutional behaviour and sanitation transformation in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
List Type ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
New Findings

AbstractIntroductionWhilst many less developed countries are struggling to provide universal access to safe sanitation, in the last five years India has almost reached its target of eliminating open defaecation. The object of this study was to understand how the Indian Government effected this sanitation transformation.MethodsThe study employed interviews with 17 actors in the Government’s ‘Clean India’ programme across the national capital and four states which were analysed using a theory of change grounded in Behaviour Centred Design.ResultsThe Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) claims to have improved the coverage of toilets in rural India from 39% to over 95% of households between 2014 and mid 2019. From interviews with relevant actors we constructed a theory of change for the programme in which high-level political support and disruptive leadership changed environments in districts, which led to psychological changes in district officials, which, in turn, led to changed behaviour concerning sanitation programming. The Prime Minister’s setting of the ambitious goal to eliminate open defecation by the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (October 2019) galvanised government bureaucracy, while early success in 100 flagship districts reduced the scepticism of government employees, a cadre of 500 young professionals placed in districts imparted new ideas and energy, social and mass media was used to engage and motivate the public and key players, and new norms of ethical behaviour were demonstrated by leaders. As a result, district officials engaged emotionally with the programme and felt pride at their achievements in ridding villages of open defecation.ConclusionsThough many challenges remain, Governments seeking to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe sanitation can emulate the success of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission.SUMMARY BOXESWhat is already known?At least 47 countries are not on track to reach the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe sanitation by 2030 and some 0.6 billion people are still defecating in the open.It is not clear how governments in low income countries can be galvanised to act to resolve this pressing public health problem.What are the new findings?The experience of the Clean India programme suggests that countries can almost eliminate open defecation.The success of the programme was due to factors including: the setting of ambitious targets; the use of modern communications strategies and monitoring technology; and the provision of visible reward and recognition for employees.What do the new findings imply?Disruptive leadership is needed to create working environments where sometimes jaded civil servants are given an opportunity to make a difference.Politicians who embrace the cause of sanitation may find that there are votes in toilets.

scholarly journals Healthy and Sustainable Territories: health care strategies for rural black population in Caruaru/Pernambuco

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (131) ◽  
pp. 1017-1032
Author(s):  
Thaís Cecília dos Santos Brito ◽  
Bianca Cardoso Peixinho ◽  
Juliana Camargo de Faria Pirró ◽  
Rosane Suellen de Oliveira ◽  
Polyana Loureiro Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Development Goals

ABSTRACT The socio-historical process in Brazil is crossed by racism and the agrarian issues, as both are part of the same structural dimension. Thus, the understanding of racism is essential to apprehend the social determination process of racial inequalities in health. This action research had as general objective to analyze the interference of racism in the health-disease-care process of rural black families and, more specifically, to describe the children’s group intervention activities. Primary data were used: field diaries and other documents prepared by the Resident Team; and secondary data: the Participatory Rural Appraisal as a tool of systematization in territorialization. This shared action between professionals residents in Family Health Care and settlement dwellers, located in Caruaru (PE), was developed from the popular health education focusing on health promotion and facing racism as a transversal axis. In this sense, the Family Health team is a powerful tool for promoting Healthy and Sustainable Territories by confronting racism in its non-biocentered issues, with the use of low technology, transdisciplinary, strengthening black identities and building health as recommended in health policies and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Real Impact Evaluation of Micro Finance on Urban Women in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallvi Aggarwal ◽  
Mamta Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
The Impact

In India, microfinance is one of the most important innovations in anti-poverty policy in the last half-century. Microfinance has been accepted as a tool for growth. Significant divergence exists between local and external perspectives on use of money and other resources for gender. The general idea of the paper is to assess and evaluate the contribution of microfinance institutions for the empowerment of urban poor women. It explores impacts of microfinance on economic, social and overall empowerment perspectives of women; using different frameworks. The paper is based on primary data collected from 120 women through questionnaire along with secondary data to assess the impact of MFIs in relation to Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Results found that most urban women in this association experienced increased income and educational level, therefore improved their economic status and social conditions after receiving the loans from NGOs.

Gender Inequality: A Case Study of Ward-16 Bharatpur Metropolitan City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Sharada Devi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Metropolitan City

The main reason behind inequality is access to less power which is a byproduct of illiteracy and less income. An illiterate female cannot counter for herself neither can she counters for her offspring (mostly girls). To find out the gender inequality, this study has been conducted in Ward-16of Bharatpur metropolitan city. With the use of census method, this study primarily focuses on the primary data taken in whole ward and the secondary data collected from other sources. In the total population of 17546, 9197 are female and remaining 8349 are male. The survey research designwas used whereas purposive and simple random sampling was followed to select the respondents. The study was conducted in Chitwan district. The finding of the research is that there is inequality in male and female population in ward 16 of Bharatpur Metropolitan City. This inequality can only be broken if the sphere of planning is strengthened so as to uproot the root of inequality. Equality measure being one of the most important indicator of development, the only way to achieve the sustainable development goal is to empower all the population present inside nation.

scholarly journals Pengorganisasian Komunitas Paska Bencana Studi Kasus: Pengorganisasian Komunitas yang dilakukan UPC/UPLINK di Aceh Paska Bencana Tsunami Tahun 2004

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ari Ujianto
Keyword(s):  
Community Organizing ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractThis paper examines community organizing by the Urban Poor Consortium (UPC) / UPLINK in carrying out reconstruction in Aceh after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami disaster. The unprecedented magnitude of the disaster has prompted the Indonesian government to declare it as a national disaster and request for assistance from international agencies. As a response, many organizations at the national and international levels came to assist in the reconstruction of Aceh, with various program focuses and approaches. UPC / UPLINK also took part in the reconstruction stage, but rather with a distinct participatory approach. This paper aims to elaborate the approach UPC/UPLINK has taken in carrying out its post-disaster reconstruction programs in Aceh. This research mostly uses secondary data, namely from documents owned by UPC / UPLINK and data obtained through the internet, as well as primary data with deep interviews with UPC / UPLINK activists. This study found that appropriate approach, strategies, and method of community organizing, taken by UPC/UPLINK are important elements in which the survivors are able stand back on their feet and take ownership of in the post-disaster reconstruction process.   Makalah ini mengkaji pengorganisasian komunitas (community organizing) yang dilakukan Urban Poor Consortium (UPC)/UPLINK dalam melakukan rekonstruksi di Aceh paska bencana gempa dan Tsunami tahun 2004. Bencana gempa dan tsunami yang meluluhlantakkan Aceh pada tahun akhir 2004 telah mendorong pemerintah Indonesia menetapkannya sebagai bencana nasional dan meminta bantuan internasional dalam penanganannya. Setelah itu banyak organisasi di tingkat nasional maupun internasional datang membantu dalam rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi Aceh, dengan berbagai fokus program dan pendekatan. UPC/UPLINK juga melaksanakan program rekonstruksi dengan pendekatan yang partisipatif dan komprehensif. Makalah ini menawarkan konsep pengorganisaian komunitas yang progresif untuk menganalisis pendekatan dan strategi yang digunakan UPC/UPLINK dalam melakukan program rekonstruksi Aceh paska bencana. Penelitian ini sebagian besar menggunakan data-data sekunder, yakni dari dokumen-dokumen yang dimiliki UPC/UPLINK maupun data yang diperoleh melalui internet, serta data primer dengan wawancara langsung dengan beberapa aktivivis UPC/UPLINK yang terlibat dalam program rekonstruksi paska tsunami di Aceh. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa melalui strategi dan metode pengorganisasian komunitas yang tepat, proses rekonstruksi paska bencana di Aceh yang dilakukan oleh UPC/UPLINK bisa berjalan secara efisien, efektif, dan mencapai hasil yang mempunyai kualitas tinggi. Penelitian juga menyimpulkan bahwa dalam proses rekonstruksi paska bencana, amatlah penting mendudukkan masyarakat lokal (penyintas) sebagai subyek yang memimpin atau tulang punggung dalam proses rekonstruksi.

scholarly journals Interrogating the Causes, Effects and Societal Responses to Rape and Child-Defilement in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Janet Monisola Oluwaleye ◽  
Ibironke Damilola Adefisoye
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
National Human ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Media Reports

Nigeria’s social landscape has been inundated by an alarming spate of rape and child defilement cases, so much more that there is hardly a week without media reports of rape in the country. Records released by the Nigeria Police Force shows that a total of seven hundred and seventeen cases of rape and child defilement were recorded in the first five months of the year 2020. More alarming is the defilement of minors and underage children by adults. The foregoing raises concerns and the need to interrogate the causes of alarming cases of rape and defilement of minors in Nigeria. The mixed methods research approach was adopted to generate both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, an online questionnaire was designed and administered to a total of two hundred and nine Nigerians across various sectors and regions of the country. Besides, six (6) key informants, each from the Ministry of Women, Legal Department, National Human Rights Commission, NGO, religious leader and media practitioners, were interviewed. On the other hand, government reports, gazettes, journal and newspaper articles were used to generate secondary data. Findings show that defilement of minors in Nigeria is perceived from a socio-cultural perspective as an avenue for money rituals. Other causes include mental disorders of perpetrators, alcoholism and substance abuse. Effects of such acts are physical and psychological. Recommendations on ways of curbing the menace include life sentences, name shame of perpetrators, and strict enforcement of existing laws prohibiting rape and defilement in the country.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dalam Isu-isu Globalisasi Ekonomi (Studi Tentang Sustainability CSR di Parawisata Pantai Duta Probolinggo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Syaiful Suib ◽  
Nur Hasanatul Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Corporate Social

Community empowerment through corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds has been intensively carried out by the company. As for research conducted: (1) obtaining an overview of CSR programs through empowerment carried out by PT. Jawa Power & PT. YTL East Java effectively; (2) knowing the strategies used so that the results of community empowerment can realize sustainable development. The method used with the qualitative Data used in qualitative includes primary data through observation and interviews and secondary data obtained from reference sources of books, journals, and mass media. Based on the results of CSR-based community empowerment research successfully implemented effectively if carefully planned and established good cooperation from the company and the community. To continue the sustainable development of the community who have been empowered to continue to apply the knowledge that has been gained during the training to be realized through the development of good infrastructure and tourism management systems. 

Event Portfolios and Cultural Exhibitions in Canberra and Melbourne

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gorchakova
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Portfolio Composition ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Cultural Festivals ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The sustainable development of an event portfolio requires a synergy between the different types of events included in it. The pool of events that are commonly used by city event planners and destination marketers usually revolve around major sport events, cultural festivals and celebrations, and world trade expositions. Some cities, however, also attract and stage international touring exhibitions that bring together a collection of rare art works, significant cultural objects, or memorabilia to tour a limited number of destinations. In this chapter, major events such as international touring exhibitions will be explored as key components of portfolios of events in Canberra and Melbourne. The chapter discusses the different ways event and tourism planners in Canberra and Melbourne have been approaching major touring exhibitions, and the specific roles these events can play in delivering a balanced and successful portfolio. It will be demonstrated that the decision making around events and event portfolio composition needs to be considered within a wider context, in the light of the city’s geography and demographics, as well as political, social and cultural factors. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted in Canberra and Melbourne, Australia. The primary data was collected from 12 semi-structured interviews with managers and executives in tourism and major events planning in both cities, as well as managers and curators of the cultural institutions that had hosted major touring exhibitions. The secondary data included a range of documents pertinent to the cities’ tourism and major events policy and strategy, existing research about touring exhibitions, and websites and articles in the mass media. In the chapter, examples of past major exhibitions are given.

Is ‘access to adequate and equitable sanitation’ for all by 2030 achievable? Perspectives from sector experts on what needs to change to realise the Sustainable Development Goal

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Hueso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
The Face ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

The global community has set the goal of universal access to sanitation by 2030. In the face of limited progress, business as usual is not an option for sanitation sector actors. Through an expert consultation, this paper aims to shed light on the changes needed. Experts believe that in the past, sanitation was regarded as a taboo and a private issue, and given low political prioritisation. This resulted in inadequate financing, capacity and institutions. Programmes were implemented in an uncoordinated manner outside government systems. They focused on infrastructure, neglecting behaviour change or addressing it with blanket approaches. The poor remained unreached, especially in urban areas. Poor collaboration and insufficient learning hindered progress in the sector. However, experts also highlight that prioritisation has nowadays reached unprecedented levels, opening up opportunities for progress. A consensus is starting to emerge on how to address past blockages and on the key knowledge gaps and sector priorities, including focusing on how to deliver urban sanitation, ensuring government leadership and sector harmonisation, and getting better at changing behaviour. However, it will be even more crucial that the key institutions in the sanitation sector display leadership and move towards more collaborative, adaptive and learning-oriented ways of working.

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