scholarly journals Inclusive water poverty index: a holistic approach for helping local water and sanitation services planning

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-772
Author(s):  
Janvier Kini
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Central Interest ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Local Water

This paper addresses two approaches to guiding the inclusion of the poor and vulnerable in clean water and sanitation programmes in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals. It proposes an operational and adapted participatory approach for identifying the poorest and most vulnerable, which has become a central interest for inclusive development policies worldwide post Millennium Development Goals. Then, it proposes an inclusive water poverty index for the inclusion of the poor and vulnerable. This index, with six components, materializes the spatial and temporal equity in the distribution of water and sanitation services through a given district or municipality, particularly in developing countries.

Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in water and sanitation services

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Katrina Charles ◽  
Kathy Pond ◽  
Anca Brookshaw ◽  
Rifat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Drinking-water supply and sanitation services are essential for human health, but their technologies and management systems are potentially vulnerable to climate change. An assessment was made of the resilience of water supply and sanitation systems against forecast climate changes by 2020 and 2030. The results showed very few technologies are resilient to climate change and the sustainability of the current progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may be significantly undermined. Management approaches are more important than technology in building resilience for water supply, but the reverse is true for sanitation. Whilst climate change represents a significant threat to sustainable drinking-water and sanitation services, through no-regrets actions and using opportunities to increase service quality, climate change may be a driver for improvements that have been insufficiently delivered to date.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN INDIA UNDER THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2030

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Dr. Basanta Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Paris Declaration ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Goals

The SDGs agenda is the outcome of a series of international conferences on the issue of environmental sustainability. A principle of common and differentiated responsibility was endorsed by the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20 (2012). The political commitments from the world leaders were confirmed during the 3rd International Conference on Financing for Development held in Addis Ababa in July 2015 for a common policy on sustainable development. The goals are broad based and interdependent. Finally the Paris Declaration on Climate Change (2016) paved the way for the adoption of a comprehensive list of goals to be achieved by 2030. Each of the 17 sustainable development goals has a list of targets which are measured with indicators and are interdependent. The present study will be confined to the 6th goal which is ensuring “Clean water and Sanitation” in the Indian context. KEYWORDS: SDGs agenda, Climate Change, employment, sanitation services

Global Goal Setting and the Human Right to Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristy Clark
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Development Goals

Since the 1970s, global goal setting to increase access to safe drinking water has taken a number of different approaches to whether water should be primarily understood as a “human right” or a “human need.” In the Mar del Plata declaration of 1977, states both recognized a human right to water and committed themselves to achieving universal access by 1990. By the 1990 New Delhi Statement, with universal access still out of reach, the goal was renewed with a new deadline of 2000, but water was described as a human need rather than a human right. This approach was coupled with an emphasis on water’s economic values and the need for increased cost recovery, which in turn increased the focus on, and uptake of, private-sector participation in the delivery of water and sanitation services across the Global South. A similar needs-based approach was adopted at the start of the new millennium in Target 7 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but during this decade a consensus on the recognition of the human right to water also emerged in international law. As the normative status and content of this right came to be better articulated and understood, it began to influence the practice of providing water and sanitation services, and by the end of the MDG process a rights-based approach featured more prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015. While the provision of water and sanitation services is multifaceted, the evidence of global achievements from the 1970s onward indicates that a rights-based approach increases the priority given to the social values of such services and focuses attention on the need to go beyond technical solutions to address the structural issues at the heart of water inequality. Going forward, approaches to the provision of water and sanitation services and the human right to water will need to continue to adapt to new challenges and to changing conceptualizations of water, including the growing recognition that all living things have a right to water and that water itself can have rights.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba ◽  
Nicola Raimo ◽  
Filippo Vitolla ◽  
Bernardino Benito
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
Private Management

In recent years, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is becoming a major challenge for local governments. This research focuses on the role of Spanish local governments in the fulfillment of SDG-6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all citizens. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments, and its determining factors, in the achievement of the SDG-6. The results indicate that the taxes associated with water supply and sanitation services, the private management of these services, population density, local government budget revenues, the income of the inhabitants of the municipality and the fragmentation of local governments are factors that can improve the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments in achieving the SDG-6.

scholarly journals Application of the Water Poverty Index in border colonias of west Texas

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo E. Korc ◽  
Paula B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Water Poverty Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Border Communities ◽  
Texas Border

This study applied the Water Poverty Index (WPI) in border colonias of west Texas. The colonias are mostly unincorporated communities located primarily in New Mexico and Texas along the border with Mexico and are characterized by high poverty rates and sub-standard living conditions. In Texas, access to drinking water and sanitation services has been identified as one of the most significant determinants of health in over 350 colonias with about 50,000 residents. The WPI is a multidimensional measure that links household welfare with water availability which has been applied primarily in water poor countries. WPI components were identified and prioritized by a wide range of state stakeholders. This study demonstrated that the WPI can be an effective tool in integrating physical, social, economic and environmental information and in determining priorities associated with the water situation in wealthy countries with water poor communities such as colonias. These results highlight the need to classify the water necessities of colonias using a comprehensive but simple assessment tool that integrates several factors and is not based solely on infrastructure. They provide information that can be used by policy makers to provide assistance to Texas border communities with the greatest need.

scholarly journals Leaving no one behind? Analysis of trends in access to water and sanitation services in the slum areas of Nairobi, 2003–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudious Chikozho ◽  
Damazo T. Kadengye ◽  
Marylene Wamukoya ◽  
Benedict O. Orindi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
City Council ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Key Barrier ◽  
The One ◽  
Slum Areas

Abstract Service provision backlogs in access to improved water and sanitation services remain a key barrier to the health and well-being of people living in Nairobi's slum areas. In this paper, we use quantitative data from the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System to analyze the extent to which residents of Nairobi's slum areas have been able to access improved water and sanitation services from 2003 to 2015. This trend analysis reveals a slow but observable increase in access to improved sanitation facilities and garbage disposal services, while access to improved sources of water decreased. We conclude that the best scenario is the one in which all the three indicators have significantly improved during the period under consideration rather than having only some of them improving, while the others stagnate or decline. We recommend that Nairobi City Council and sector development partners refocus their attention towards increasing access to improved water and sanitation services in the urban low-income areas because lack of access to these essential services may expose people to waterborne diseases. It also threatens to leave behind a substantial number of people as the country moves towards the attainment of the water and sanitation-related sustainable development goals.

Privatisation of urban water service provision: the Kenyan experiment

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. K'Akumu ◽  
P. O. Appida
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Set Up

One of the services that have been poorly provided in the urban areas in Kenya is water and sanitation. There are many reasons, which can be attributed to poor provision of water and sanitation as undertaken by the local authorities in Kenya. The path to remedy the poor provision of water and sanitation has been charted in privatisation in the form of commercialisation. Commercialisation in Kenya was first implemented on an experimental basis in three urban areas: Nyeri, Eldoret and Nakuru. This involved formation of a publicly owned water company as an agent of the local authority. The companies formed as a result were set up and operated according to the provisions of the Companies Act chapter 486 of the Laws of Kenya. This paper looks at the genesis of privatisation of water services based on the contributions of GTZ, UWASAM and KFW to an experiment in formulating and implementing privatisation in the three urban areas. The outcome of the experiment is then compared to the current on-going exercise of water privatisation by local authorities. Privatisation of water and sanitation services is expected to solve the problem of poor and inadequate service provision that hitherto characterised urban areas. It would do this by achieving its goals of decentralisation and economic viability. However, the outcome of the experiment indicated that privatisation failed to achieve these two fundamental goals. For that matter, privatisation failed to meet its intended objectives of solving the woes of service provision in urban areas. A close examination of the current privatisation indicates that the operation has again failed to achieve its fundamental goals of decentralisation and economic viability. The failure of the current exercise in meeting the objectives of ridding the urban areas of water woes can therefore be predicted on this basis.

scholarly journals Looking beyond headline indicators: water and sanitation services in small towns in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Adank ◽  
John Butterworth ◽  
Sam Godfrey ◽  
Michael Abera
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
To Receive

This paper presents findings on water and sanitation service levels from 16 small and medium towns in four regions of Ethiopia. In these settlements, the proportion of people with access to improved water and sanitation services is found to be high and consistent with other major datasets and reports for urban Ethiopia. However, when service characteristics such as reliability, quality, quantity and accessibility (including travel and queuing time) of water are considered, and for sanitation, quality and use, a different picture emerges. Only a small minority of households, 9% for water and 3% for sanitation, were found to receive services that meet the standards set in the Ethiopian government's first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP I). Under the second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), standards for urban water services have been set higher and current performance levels are even lower. This paper illustrates the discrepancies between average coverage figures, actual service delivery levels and the increased demands of the GTP II. The paper illustrates the huge scale of the challenge faced in improving WASH service delivery levels in small towns in Ethiopia, which is an issue of wider relevance in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Financing water and sanitation services: two types of funds for facing investment challenges in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Vitor Carvalho Queiroz ◽  
◽  
Nilo De Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Matheus Valle de Carvalho e Oliveira ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
State Level ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Global South ◽  
The State ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Sustainable Investment

In the countries of the Global South, investments in the water and sanitation sector have historically not met the overall needs. The poor are generally the most affected. The creation of funds to support universalization of water supply and sewerage services may represent an important instrument as a sustainable investment strategy. This study displays the features and characteristics of two distinct fund models at the state level in Brazil. It indicates that despite challenges these funds offer opportunities for meeting the main objective of the water and sanitation policy in Brazil, the universalization of service provision. It suggests also that the Brazilian experience might be adapted to other contexts.

scholarly journals Global challenges in water, sanitation and health

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Moe ◽  
Richard D. Rheingans
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The year 2005 marks the beginning of the “International Decade for Action: Water for Life” and renewed effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce by half the proportion of the world's population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015. Currently, UNICEF and WHO estimate that 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water supplies and 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation. Providing safe water and basic sanitation to meet the MDGs will require substantial economic resources, sustainable technological solutions and courageous political will. We review five major challenges to providing safe water and sanitation on a global basis: (1) contamination of water in distribution systems, (2) growing water scarcity and the potential for water reuse and conservation, (3) implementing innovative low-cost sanitation systems, (4) providing sustainable water supplies and sanitation for megacities, and (5) reducing global and regional disparities in access to water and sanitation and developing financially sustainable water and sanitation services.

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