scholarly journals Looking beyond headline indicators: water and sanitation services in small towns in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Adank ◽  
John Butterworth ◽  
Sam Godfrey ◽  
Michael Abera
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
To Receive

This paper presents findings on water and sanitation service levels from 16 small and medium towns in four regions of Ethiopia. In these settlements, the proportion of people with access to improved water and sanitation services is found to be high and consistent with other major datasets and reports for urban Ethiopia. However, when service characteristics such as reliability, quality, quantity and accessibility (including travel and queuing time) of water are considered, and for sanitation, quality and use, a different picture emerges. Only a small minority of households, 9% for water and 3% for sanitation, were found to receive services that meet the standards set in the Ethiopian government's first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP I). Under the second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), standards for urban water services have been set higher and current performance levels are even lower. This paper illustrates the discrepancies between average coverage figures, actual service delivery levels and the increased demands of the GTP II. The paper illustrates the huge scale of the challenge faced in improving WASH service delivery levels in small towns in Ethiopia, which is an issue of wider relevance in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION IN INDIA UNDER THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2030

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Dr. Basanta Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Paris Declaration ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Goals

The SDGs agenda is the outcome of a series of international conferences on the issue of environmental sustainability. A principle of common and differentiated responsibility was endorsed by the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) and the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20 (2012). The political commitments from the world leaders were confirmed during the 3rd International Conference on Financing for Development held in Addis Ababa in July 2015 for a common policy on sustainable development. The goals are broad based and interdependent. Finally the Paris Declaration on Climate Change (2016) paved the way for the adoption of a comprehensive list of goals to be achieved by 2030. Each of the 17 sustainable development goals has a list of targets which are measured with indicators and are interdependent. The present study will be confined to the 6th goal which is ensuring “Clean water and Sanitation” in the Indian context. KEYWORDS: SDGs agenda, Climate Change, employment, sanitation services

Global Goal Setting and the Human Right to Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristy Clark
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Development Goals

Since the 1970s, global goal setting to increase access to safe drinking water has taken a number of different approaches to whether water should be primarily understood as a “human right” or a “human need.” In the Mar del Plata declaration of 1977, states both recognized a human right to water and committed themselves to achieving universal access by 1990. By the 1990 New Delhi Statement, with universal access still out of reach, the goal was renewed with a new deadline of 2000, but water was described as a human need rather than a human right. This approach was coupled with an emphasis on water’s economic values and the need for increased cost recovery, which in turn increased the focus on, and uptake of, private-sector participation in the delivery of water and sanitation services across the Global South. A similar needs-based approach was adopted at the start of the new millennium in Target 7 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but during this decade a consensus on the recognition of the human right to water also emerged in international law. As the normative status and content of this right came to be better articulated and understood, it began to influence the practice of providing water and sanitation services, and by the end of the MDG process a rights-based approach featured more prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015. While the provision of water and sanitation services is multifaceted, the evidence of global achievements from the 1970s onward indicates that a rights-based approach increases the priority given to the social values of such services and focuses attention on the need to go beyond technical solutions to address the structural issues at the heart of water inequality. Going forward, approaches to the provision of water and sanitation services and the human right to water will need to continue to adapt to new challenges and to changing conceptualizations of water, including the growing recognition that all living things have a right to water and that water itself can have rights.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba ◽  
Nicola Raimo ◽  
Filippo Vitolla ◽  
Bernardino Benito
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
Private Management

In recent years, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is becoming a major challenge for local governments. This research focuses on the role of Spanish local governments in the fulfillment of SDG-6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all citizens. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments, and its determining factors, in the achievement of the SDG-6. The results indicate that the taxes associated with water supply and sanitation services, the private management of these services, population density, local government budget revenues, the income of the inhabitants of the municipality and the fragmentation of local governments are factors that can improve the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments in achieving the SDG-6.

scholarly journals The how tough is WASH framework for assessing the climate resilience of water and sanitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Anisha Nijhawan ◽  
Adrian Flint ◽  
Manish Baidya ◽  
Maria Pregnolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractClimate change presents a major threat to water and sanitation services. There is an urgent need to understand and improve resilience, particularly in rural communities and small towns in low- and middle-income countries that already struggle to provide universal access to services and face increasing threats from climate change. To date, there is a lack of a simple framework to assess the resilience of water and sanitation services which hinders the development of strategies to improve services. An interdisciplinary team of engineers and environmental and social scientists were brought together to investigate the development of a resilience measurement framework for use in low- and middle-income countries. Six domains of interest were identified based on a literature review, expert opinion, and limited field assessments in two countries. A scoring system using a Likert scale is proposed to assess the resilience of services and allow analysis at local and national levels to support improvements in individual supplies, identifying systematic faults, and support prioritisation for action. This is a simple, multi-dimensional framework for assessing the resilience of rural and small-town water and sanitation services in LMICs. The framework is being further tested in Nepal and Ethiopia and future results will be reported on its application.

Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in water and sanitation services

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Katrina Charles ◽  
Kathy Pond ◽  
Anca Brookshaw ◽  
Rifat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Drinking-water supply and sanitation services are essential for human health, but their technologies and management systems are potentially vulnerable to climate change. An assessment was made of the resilience of water supply and sanitation systems against forecast climate changes by 2020 and 2030. The results showed very few technologies are resilient to climate change and the sustainability of the current progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may be significantly undermined. Management approaches are more important than technology in building resilience for water supply, but the reverse is true for sanitation. Whilst climate change represents a significant threat to sustainable drinking-water and sanitation services, through no-regrets actions and using opportunities to increase service quality, climate change may be a driver for improvements that have been insufficiently delivered to date.

scholarly journals Understanding the implications of the Sustainable Development Goals for health policy and systems research: results of a research priority setting exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bennett ◽  
Nasreen Jessani ◽  
Douglas Glandon ◽  
Mary Qiu ◽  
Kerry Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Policy And Systems

Abstract Background Given the paradigmatic shift represented by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as compared to the Millennium Development Goals - in particular their broad and interconnected nature - a new set of health policy and systems research (HPSR) priorities are needed to inform strategies to address these interconnected goals. Objectives To identify high priority HPSR questions linked to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Methods We focused on three themes that we considered to be central to achieving the health related SDGs: (i) Protecting and promoting access to health services through systems of social protection (ii) Strengthening multisectoral collaborations for health and (iii) Developing more participatory and accountable institutions. We conducted 54 semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions to investigate policy-maker perspectives on evidence needs. We also conducted an overview of literature reviews in each theme. Information from these sub-studies was extracted into a matrix of possible research questions and developed into three domain-specific lists of 30–36 potential priority questions. Topic experts from the global research community then refined and ranked the proposed questions through an online platform. A final webinar on each theme sought feedback on findings. Results Policy-makers continue to demand HPSR for many well-established issues such as health financing, human resources for health, and service delivery. In terms of service delivery, policy-makers wanted to know how best to strengthen primary health care and community-based systems. In the themes of social protection and multisectoral collaboration, prioritized questions had a strong emphasis on issues of practical implementation. For participatory and accountable institutions, the two priority questions focused on political factors affecting the adoption of accountability measures, as well as health worker reactions to such measures. Conclusions To achieve the SDGs, there is a continuing need for research in some already well established areas of HPSR as well as key areas highlighted by decision-makers. Identifying appropriate conceptual frameworks as well as typologies of examples may be a prerequisite for answering some of the substantive policymaker questions. In addition, implementation research engaging non-traditional stakeholders outside of the health sector will be critical.

Skimpy Wash Financing in Bangladesh: Overall Trend and Regional Disparities

GIS Business ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Mohommod Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals

The access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services is one of our basic needs without which no human being can service, let alone lead a decent life. Therefore, promotion of water and sanitation services are placed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) taken by UN for an extended period from 2016-2030. In line with this goal, the governments of developing countries are increasing their budget allocation to attain this decent living target. However, allocations are, in many cases, inadequate and skewed among different geographic regions. Further, due to an absence of separate ministry or authority to manage this important, but often neglected function of governments, allocations are disguised under other heads of allocations made for different ministries and make the assessment of allocation even more difficult. In the context of WASH sector in Bangladesh, the objective of this paper is thus to demonstrate an effective methodology to capture WASH data at national and district level, to make such assessment possible. Data on WASH allocation was compiled from national budget statements, relevant inter-ministerial reports, and other local government offices related to WASH. Ambiguity on data was further clarified through interviews with concerned government officials from different ministries and local government offices. Analyzing WASH budget allocation for a period of six years under this framework, this paper indicates that WASH allocation in Bangladesh remains inadequate and highly inequitable to attain SDG.

scholarly journals Synergies and Trade-offs between Sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
priti parikh ◽  
Loan Diep ◽  
pascale hofmann ◽  
Julia Tomei ◽  
Luiza Cintra Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sectoral Development ◽  
Context Specific

Better understanding of the range of opportunities that can be leveraged from the sustainable and inclusive management of sanitation services is required, alongside the evidence to support it. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for sustainable development broken down into 169 Targets articulated under 17 interconnected Goals. Based on a methodology developed at University College London (UCL), this study identifies linkages between sanitation and each of the 169 Targets on the basis of published evidence. We show that there are synergies between sanitation and 130 (77%) of the Targets and trade-offs for 28 (17%) of the Targets. With synergies with all the 17 Goals we identified 83 Targets (49%) that call for action in the sanitation sector. The results demonstrate the far-reaching benefits that can be unlocked from investment in sanitation, which extend beyond health and spread across sectors. This seeks to provide the evidence base to inform strategic investment in sanitation and particularly by integrating sanitation interventions into collaborative cross-sectoral development efforts. The research provides different stakeholders, including policymakers, funders, practitioners and researchers, with a framework that can be applied to context specific cases and projects. We propose a range of recommendations to policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers who seek to take this study further to support delivery of sustainable and inclusive sanitation services for all.

Tantangan Technopreneur Bagi Umkm Di Kota Bogor Sebagai Strategi Bertahan Di Era Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Mekaniwati ◽  
Yulia Nurendah ◽  
Dwi Maulina ◽  
Nadia Sabila Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Economic Foundation ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
New Jobs

The creation of entrepreneurs (entrepreneurs) is an alternative solution to various problems in society such as poverty and social inequality, increasing unemployment of productive age and depletion of energy supply reserves, all of which require creative and innovative actions. Technopreneur, one part of the development of entrepreneurship (entrepreneur) provides an overview of entrepreneurship by using technology-based innovation. With the technopreneurship development model, it can provide benefits or impacts, both economically, socially and environmentally. Technopreneurs can be interpreted as job creators who will actively encourage Indonesia to have a strong and competitive economic foundation. Inclusive economic growth and sustainable development need to continue to receive attention and support from various groups, namely the support of the government, the private sector, the community and of course support from academics in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The economic impact is increasing efficiency and productivity, increasing income, creating new jobs and moving other economic sectors.   Keywords: Entrepreneur, Technopreneur, MSME

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