Decomposition analysis of water consumption-related chemical oxygen demand emission in Chinese industrial sectors

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Guo ◽  
Jin-nan Wang ◽  
Jun Bi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Water Intensity ◽  
Water Pollutant

Water shortage in China is caused by the uneven distribution of water resources, a situation that can worsen given overexploitation and pollution. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) emission is considered the most important water pollutant. Using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, we analyse the main driving factors of the 2001–2011 changes in China's industrial water consumption-related COD emission. The main driving factors of COD emission are classified into five effects, namely, end-of-pipe treatment, COD emission intensity, water intensity, structural effect, and scale effect. In contrast to previous studies, the current work considers water consumption by using water intensity as an index. Results show that end-of-pipe treatment, with an effect of up to 35%, was the primary factor that influenced emission reduction during the studied period. Pollution reduction policies are key drivers of promoting advancements in technologies for reducing COD emission in industrial sectors, and technical efficiency in 2001–2011.

Decomposition analysis of water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region between 2003 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-634
Author(s):  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Siyang Hong ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Xiayue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Factor Decomposition

Abstract Water crisis is prominent in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, therefore, the internal relations between water utilization changes and socioeconomic development must be urgently analysed. Based on analyses of the spatiotemporal characteristics of total water utilization, the factors that influenced changes in industrial water utilization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2003 to 2016 were studied using a factor decomposition model. The results show that the scaling effect (SCE) increased water utilization by 31.78 billion m3 over those 13 years and was the only driving effect that caused industrial water utilization to increase. The structural effect (STE) and technological effect (TEE) reduced industrial water utilization by 14.93 and 20.44 billion m3, respectively. The TEE was the main reason for the decrease in industrial water utilization in Beijing, accounting for a reduction of 96.5% in total industrial water utilization. The STE was stronger than TEE in Tianjin, with associated decreases of 94.65% and 90.1% in total industrial water utilization, respectively. In Hebei, the STE and TEE reduced total industrial water utilization by 60.23% and 85.46%, respectively. Adjusting the industrial structure and promoting water-saving technology are efficient methods of alleviating the water shortage in the study area.

Treatment of Silicon Steel Wastewater with Fenton Reagent

2011 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Wen Yi Zhang ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Qiu Yan Li ◽  
Ning Han
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Chemical Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Pollutant Discharge ◽  
Water Pollutant

The paper aims to find out an economic and effective treatment for the silicon steel wastewater. According to the Fenton reaction principle, chemical adsorption and chemical flocculation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Cr6+ in the wastewater were reduced. The appropriate parameters were as follows: the mol ratio of Fe2+ to H2O2 was 1:2, the mol ratio of Fe2+ (dosage into the wastewater) to Cr6+ (content of the wastewater) was 5.2:1, pH 3-4, temperature 15-35°C. Under these conditions, the removal rate of Cr6+ and CODCr was 99.99% and 98.11% respectively, the Cr6+ and CODCr of the influent reduced from 2959mg/L and 1351mg/L to 0.421mg/L and 25.6mg/L respectively, and the effluent concentration achieved 1-class in "Steel Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard(GB 13456-92)".

Decomposition Analyses for COD Discharges in China’s Industrial Sub-Sectors: Which is the Superior Method?

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Feng Xia ◽  
Hong Jun Lei ◽  
Chang Jia Li ◽  
Bei Dou Xi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Production Effect ◽  
Wide Range

Numerous index decomposition analysis approaches have been reported in the past 30 years. However, the selection of different methods appears to be arbitrary, and little consensus has been reached on which is the superior method. Between 2001 and 2009, 10 different methods have been used to identify the factors (i.e. production effect, structural effect and intensity effect) influencing on China’s industrial wastewater pollutant (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) discharges. From the aspect of theoretical foundation, adaptability, ease of use, and ease of result interpretation, these methods are compared. Results show that: (1) LMDI 1 is a superior approach because of zero residual error in decomposition, no zero values problem in data set, simplicity in formula, and wide range in usage situations. (2) the average effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of COD discharges in China is 14.89 ×104 t with production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect were 72.97×104 t, -6.93×104 t and -80.94×104 t, respectively. (3) production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD discharges, accounting for 45% of the total contribution. (4) structural effect contributed to the decrease of COD discharges with a small effect of 4% in total contribution. (5) intensity effect had an dominant decremental effect in COD discharges.

Study on the Feasibility of Recycling Condensate Water of Lignite by Microwave Dehydration Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 990-995
Author(s):  
Hui Ru Tang ◽  
Zhen Yu Huang ◽  
Ming Ke Shen ◽  
Zhi Hua Wang ◽  
Jun Hu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
High Moisture

As a low-rank coal, the high moisture content of lignite need to be dehydrated and refined before combustion. To alleviate the water shortage situation of lignite region, this paper put forward a way of microwave dehydration to recycling the water out of lignite. By detecting the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, hardness, ions, organic compounds of lignite, it can be concluded that the dehydration ratio of lignite reaches 70~80%, and the water quality as ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus was close to industrial standard. While the chemical oxygen demand exceeded the standard scope as well as trace amount of poisonous metal elements and organic compounds causing cancer, this will become the main task of subsequent purification process.

REMOVAL OF DYE AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REDUCTION FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING HYBRID BIOREACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Najafpour Darzi ◽  
Reza Katal ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Seyed Omid Rastegar ◽  
Poorya Mavaddat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Reduction

Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameter Trends in River Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2940-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Pavol Purcz ◽  
Radu Daniel Pintilii ◽  
Peter Blistan ◽  
Petr Hlustik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Evaluating trends in water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management in any country. In this study eight chemical and physical water quality indicators were analysed in seven river profiles in the River Laborec in eastern Slovakia. The analysed water quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, temperature (t), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP). Data from the monitored indicators were provided by the Ko�ice branch of the Slovakian Water Management Company, over a period of 15 years from 1999 to 2013. Mann�Kendall non-parametric statistical test was used for the trend analysis. Biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, ammonium and nitrite nitrogen content exhibit decreasing trends in the River Laborec. Decreasing agricultural activity in the area has had a significant impact on the trends in these parameters. However, NO2--N was the significant parameter of water quality because it mostly exceeds the limit value set in Slovak legislation, Regulation No. 269/2010 Coll. In addition, water temperature revealed an increasing trend which could be caused by global increase in air temperature. These results indicate that human activity significantly impacts the water quality.

Treatment of a complex landfill leachate with peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Iron Manganese

The use of cheap, locally available peat as a treatment method for landfill leachate was investigated by passing leachate through plexiglass columns filled with an amorphous-granular peat. Preliminary adjustment of pH showed that reducing pH to 4.8 dramatically reduced adsorption. Increasing the pH to 8.4, metal removal was increased owing to filtration of precipitated metals. The best adsorption of metals occurred at the 'natural' pH of 7.1. Manganese was found to be the limiting pollutant. At the 0.05 mg/ℓ maximum acceptable manganese concentration 94% of the total metals were removed, requiring 159 kg of peat per 1000 ℓ of leachate.Resting the peat for 1 month did significantly increase removal capacity.Desorption of some contaminants occurred when water was percolated through the peat. The desorption test effluent was not toxic to fish although iron, lead and COD (chemical oxygen demand) exceeded acceptable values.Chemical pretreatment using lime and ferric chloride achieved significant iron, manganese and calcium removals. Chemical pretreatment followed by peat adsorption offered no advantage other than reducing toxicity to fish.Peat treatment alone was effective in reducing concentrations to a level that was non-toxic to fish.

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