scholarly journals Energy recovery in the water industry using micro-hydropower: an opportunity to improve sustainability

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aonghus McNabola ◽  
Paul Coughlan ◽  
Lucy Corcoran ◽  
Christine Power ◽  
A. Prysor Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Society Today

The water industry as a whole consumes a considerable amount of energy in the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater. Like all sectors of society today, the industry is focusing efforts on reducing its CO2 emissions and improving the sustainability of its systems and practices. One way of achieving this is through the use of micro-hydropower (MHP) installations in water infrastructure for energy recovery purposes. This paper presents a review of energy use and CO2 emissions in the water industry as well as highlighting the opportunities and challenges for MHP energy recovery. The results indicate that significant potential exists for energy recovery in the water industry. However, many previous investigations have not considered key complexities such as variations in flows or turbine efficiency. Similarly, accurate costing and return on investment data are often absent or lacking sensitivity analysis. Further research is required to address the risks and long-term reliability of installations, alongside the development of firm policy to direct and incentivise sustainability gains in this area.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries” [Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 112 (2016) 15–36]

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Bas J. van Ruijven ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
Willem Boskaljon ◽  
Maarten Neelis ◽  
Deger Saygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Term Model

scholarly journals Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Ida Karlsson ◽  
Johan Rootzén ◽  
Alla Toktarova ◽  
Mikael Odenberger ◽  
Filip Johnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Energy Flows

Sweden has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net-zero by 2045. Around 20% of Sweden’s annual CO2 emissions arise from manufacturing, transporting, and processing of construction materials for construction and refurbishment of buildings and infrastructure. In this study, material and energy flows for building and transport infrastructure construction is outlined, together with a roadmap detailing how the flows change depending on different technical and strategical choices. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals, and lock-in effects. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50% to 2030 applying already available measures, and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies and energy carriers may have different implications on energy use and CO2 emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft and hard barriers and the importance of simultaneously acting now by implementing available measures (e.g., material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures), while actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO2 steel or cement).

scholarly journals Short and Long-Run Causal Effects of CO2 Emissions, Energy Use, GDP and Population Growth: Evidence from India Using the ARDL and VECM Approaches

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8333
Author(s):  
Duraisamy Pachiyappan ◽  
Yasmeen Ansari ◽  
Md Shabbir Alam ◽  
Prabha Thoudam ◽  
Kuppusamy Alagirisamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Future

This paper investigates the nexus between CO2 emissions (CO2E), GDP, energy use (ENU), and population growth (PG) in India from 1980–2018 by comparing the “vector error correction” model (VECM) and “auto regressive distributed lag” (ARDL). We applied the unit root test, Johansen multi-variate cointegration, and performed a Variance decomposition analysis using the Cholesky approach. The VECM and ARDL-bound testing approaches to cointegration suggest a long-term equilibrium nexus between GDP, energy use, population growth and CO2E. The empirical outcomes show the existence of a long-term equilibrium nexus between the variables. The Granger causality results show that short-term bi-directional causality exists between GDP and ENU, while a uni-directional causality between CO2E and GDP, CO2E and ENU, CO2E and PG, and PG and ENU. Evidence from variance decomposition indicates that 58.4% of the future fluctuations in CO2E are due to changes in ENU, 2.8% of the future fluctuations are due to changes in GDP, and 0.43% of the future fluctuations are due to changes in PG. Finally, the ARDL test results indicate that a 1% increase in PG will lead to a 1.4% increase in CO2E. Our paper addresses some important policy implications.

scholarly journals Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries

2016 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 15-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas J. van Ruijven ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
Willem Boskaljon ◽  
Maarten L. Neelis ◽  
Deger Saygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Term Model

scholarly journals Long-Term US Industrial Energy Use and CO2 Emissions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall A. Wise ◽  
Paramita Sinha ◽  
Steven J. Smith ◽  
Joshua P. Lurz
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy Use

IAFECT™: a management tool to ensure effective technology training in the drinking water industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
M.C. Steynberg ◽  
A. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Technology Training ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Technical Competence ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
High Return ◽  
Effective Technology

For years training was evaluated with measures such as numbers of participants, number of programs, length of programs, cost of programs and content of programs. These input focused measures have to be replaced by output focused measures. The output focused measures include learning profile and whole brain approach for the learner, competency requirements for the job, management’s role before, during and after training as well as the competency of the trainer and the effectiveness of the training environment. However, to ensure that the highest possible scores for these measures can be achieved, a multidisciplinary approach is of paramount importance. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the IAFECT™ management tool designed to ensure effective technology training. IAFECT™ is a systematic approach that involves all stakeholders. It focuses on technical competence and a high Return-On-Investment.

scholarly journals CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sam Hamels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Electrical Loads

The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.

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