A comparative history, from the 16th to 20th centuries, of irrigation water management in Spain, Mexico, Chile, Mendoza (Argentina) and Peru

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Palerm-Viqueira
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Scalar Stress ◽  
Irrigation System Management

This paper explores the long-term development of irrigation system management, and looks at the influence of legislation, irrigation system size, scalar stress and polarized land tenure in the existence and success of self-management. The case studies are drawn from regions of the former Spanish Empire. Hispanic America, between the 16th and early 19th centuries, as part of the Spanish Empire, had a common legal framework; however, in the 19th and early 20th centuries (after the break up of the Spanish Empire), new and diverse country-based legislation developed and, in some cases, this new legislation favoured self-management.

Lack of Land Tenure Security as Challenges to Sustainable Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 1417-1432
Author(s):  
Debabrata Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Increase Productivity

Tenural security towards land has far-reaching and long lasting socio-economic implications. Secured tenural right over land found as influencing factor in utilising the land in more efficient way, do investment as well as precondition for environmentally sustainable natural resource use. Though there are numerous laws have been initiated in Bihar to ensure land right and equity in distribution, but their implementation to ensure land tenure security is a far cry. The lack of tenural right, theoretically, paves way for two problems towards sustainable development; in one hand it restrict the sharecropper to undertake a long term investment in the land to increase productivity, on the other hand this might have created the problem termed as ‘tragedy of commons'. The study made an assessment of the legal framework and argues for proper legal initiative and effective implementation to protect land tenure security for sustainable development.

Lack of Land Tenure Security as Challenges to Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 348-362
Author(s):  
Debabrata Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Increase Productivity

Tenural security towards land has far-reaching and long lasting socio-economic implications. Secured tenural right over land found as influencing factor in utilising the land in more efficient way, do investment as well as precondition for environmentally sustainable natural resource use. Though there are numerous laws have been initiated in Bihar to ensure land right and equity in distribution, but their implementation to ensure land tenure security is a far cry. The lack of tenural right, theoretically, paves way for two problems towards sustainable development; in one hand it restrict the sharecropper to undertake a long term investment in the land to increase productivity, on the other hand this might have created the problem termed as ‘tragedy of commons'. The study made an assessment of the legal framework and argues for proper legal initiative and effective implementation to protect land tenure security for sustainable development.

Russian Federalism at the Critical Stage of Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bukhvald
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Course

Transformations in the sphere of federal relations concern the most important directions of the reforming processes in the country. However, not all proposed and actually developing components of the federal reform seem well-argued and corresponding to long-term, strategic interests of the Russian statehood. The basic course of reform should meet the objective requirements of further decentralization of governing economic and social processes and the need to ensure strengthening the responsibility of RF subjects’ executive bodies and local self-management for steady social and economic development of their territories. The solution of these problems calls for a new model of federal policy of regional development, specification of some important components of the municipal reform as well as inserting certain amendments into the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to stir up their stimulating function.

scholarly journals Tele-health interventions to support self-management in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison MacIver ◽  
Hannah Hollinger ◽  
Clare Carolan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a long-term auto-immune condition is a challenging condition for patients to manage. Goals of treatment include reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, and improving an individual’s overall function. Increasingly technology is being utilised to support patients to self-manage their condition. The aim of this systematic narrative review was to synthesise and critically appraise published evidence concerning the effectiveness of tele-health interventions to support self-management in RA. Bibliographic databases searched from 2014 to March 2020 included MedLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library. Search strategy combined the following concepts: (1) rheumatoid arthritis, (2) tele-health interventions, and (3) self-management. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with RA were included. Titles, abstracts, full-text articles were screened, any discrepancies were checked by a second reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool and data were extracted utilising the Cochrane data collection form for RCT interventions along with the TiDier checklist. Due to high heterogeneity, results were not meta-analysed and instead data were synthesised narratively. The search identified 98 articles, seven were included. The completed RCTs varied in the nature of the interventions, duration/severity of RA, outcomes measured and effectiveness of the interventions. The completed RCTs included a total of 791 participants Disease duration was largely between 4 and 10 years and disease severity on average was moderate. There was extensive variation in intervention components, theories underpinning theories and outcomes measured. Five RCTs reported a positive effect on factors such as disease activity, medication adherence, physical activity and self-efficacy levels. This study suggests that tele-health interventions that are well-designed, tailored and multi-faceted can help to achieve positive self-management outcomes in RA. None of the studies showed evidence of harm.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Digital Tools for Weight Loss Maintenance: The NoHoW Project

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
António L. Palmeira ◽  
Falko F. Sniehotta ◽  
Graham Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Digital Architecture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and techniques that promote autonomous motivation (e.g., provide choice). Stress management and emotion regulation techniques show potential for prevention of relapse and weight regain. Digital technologies (including networked-wireless tracking technologies, online tools and smartphone apps, multimedia resources, and internet-based support) offer attractive tools for teaching and supporting long-term behaviour change techniques. However, many digital offerings for weight management tend not to include evidence-based content and the evidence base is still limited. <b><i>The Project:</i></b> First, the project examined why, when, and how many European citizens make WL and WLM attempts and how successful they are. Second, the project employed the most up-to-date behavioural science research to develop a digital toolkit for WLM based on 2 key conditions, i.e., self-management (self-regulation and motivation) of behaviour and self-management of emotional responses for WLM. Then, the NoHoW trial tested the efficacy of this digital toolkit in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included biological, psychological, and behavioural moderators and mediators of long-term energy balance (EB) behaviours, and user experience, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Impact:</i></b> The project will directly feed results from studies on European consumer behaviour, design and evaluation of digital toolkits self-management of EB behaviours into development of new products and services for WLM and digital health. The project has developed a framework and digital architecture for interventions in the context of EB tracking and will generate results that will help inform the next generation of personalised interventions for effective self-management of weight and health.

scholarly journals Determining transition readiness in Swiss childhood cancer survivors – a feasibility study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Otth ◽  
Patrick Wechsler ◽  
Sibylle Denzler ◽  
Henrik Koehler ◽  
Katrin Scheinemann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Transition Readiness ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The successful transition of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) from pediatric to adult long-term follow-up care is a critical phase, and determining the right time point can be challenging. We assessed the feasibility of the use of existing transition readiness tools in the context of the Swiss health care system, assessed partly transition readiness in Swiss CCSs, and compared our findings with Canadian CCSs for which these tools were originally developed. Methods We officially translated the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) and Self-Management Skill Scale (SMSS) into German and integrated them into this cross-sectional study. We included CCSs attending the long-term follow-up (LTFU) clinic in the Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Kantonsspital Aarau. We used descriptive statistics to describe transition readiness. Results We randomly recruited 50 CCSs aged ≥18 years at participation. The CCSs had a median CWS score of 62 (interquartile range 55–71), indicating a moderate level of cancer-related worry. Despite high self-management skills, some answers showed a dependency of CCSs on their parents. Our experience shows that the CWS and SMSS are easy for Swiss CCSs to use, understand, and complete. The interpretation of the results must take differences in health care systems between countries into account. Conclusions The translated CWS and SMSS are appropriate additional measures to assess transition readiness in CCSs. These scales can be used longitudinally to find the individual time point for transition and the completion by CCSs enables the health care team to individualize the transition process and to support the CCSs according to their individual needs.

The Terms of Our Surrender: Colonialism, Dispossession and the Resistance of the Innu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cassell
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Fiduciary Duty ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Nations People ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
First Nations People ◽  
Indigenous Land

Based on extensive fieldwork and oral history, The Terms of Our Surrender is a powerful critical appraisal of unceded indigenous land ownership in eastern Canada. Set against an ethnographic, historical and legal framework, the book traces the myriad ways the Canadian state has successfully evaded the 1763 Royal Proclamation that guaranteed First Nations people a right to their land and way of life. Focusing on the Innu of Quebec and Labrador, whose land has been taken for resource extraction and development, the book strips back the fiduciary duty to its origins, challenging the inroads which have been made on the nature and extent of indigenous land tenure—arguing for preservation of land ownership and positioning First Nations people as natural land defenders amidst a devastating climate crisis. It offers a voice to the Innu people, detailing the spirituality practices, culture and values that make it impossible for them to willingly cede their land. The text is intended to bridge the gap in knowledge between legal practitioners and those working at the intersections of human rights, social work and public policy. The book offers a potent template for how we can use the law to fight back against the indignities suffered by all indigenous peoples.

Towards an EU research framework on forensic psychiatric care: Introduction, structure, activities and results of cost action Is1302

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S584-S584
Author(s):  
L. Castelletti ◽  
F. Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

IntroductionForensic psychiatric care is aimed at improving mental health and reducing the risk of recidivism of mentally ill offenders. For some mentally disordered offenders long forensic psychiatric care is required. Due to different legal framework, policies and resources in member countries, treatment programs and care provided for these subjects may vary substantially across Europe.ObjectivesCOST Action IS1302, a EU project aimed at establishing a European network of researchers, clinicians and service providers about long-term forensic psychiatric care, has involved nineteen European countries for 2013 to set the basis for comparative evaluation and research on effective treatment and the development of best practice in long-term forensic psychiatry in Europe.MethodIt is constituted by three main areas of interest and research. One group works on determination of patient characteristics, looking into prevalence, duration of stay and the most determinant characteristics of long term patients. The second area of research aims at obtaining better understanding of complex external factors that influence the poor progress of patients residing for an above average time in forensic services. Third group of research focuses on knowledge about specific needs brought about by psychiatric symptoms and how these specific needs might optimize the quality of life of patients in long term forensic psychiatric care.Results/conclusionsLaunched four years ago, the action is at its last of activities. We display features, activities and data emerging from the research conducted so far.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Building a Home: Everyday Placemaking in a Toxic Neighborhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-727
Author(s):  
Maricarmen Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Extended Exposure

Why do residents of a contaminated area actively organize to formalize their land tenure and continually invest scarce resources in the fortification of their homes, despite their high-risk locations? Existing research documents the collective struggles of residents of contaminated communities to leave toxic areas or to confront polluting industries. Drawing from long-term ethnographic fieldwork in an informal settlement located next to a highly polluting petrochemical complex in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, this article presents the case of a marginalized community that is not only well-aware of its toxic exposure but also actively organizing and investing time and resources to ensure its permanence in the area. This article shows that the strenuous circumstances under which families moved into the neighborhood after multiple displacements, their continued struggle to remain there along with their longing for housing stability have contributed to their extended exposure to the poisonous toxic externalities of the neighboring petrochemical industry.

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