scholarly journals Rainwater catchments in rural Alaska have the potential to produce high-quality water and high quantities of water for household use

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Mattos ◽  
Elizabeth King ◽  
Cara Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth Hodges Snyder ◽  
Aaron Dotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract Rainwater collection is a common source of household water in developed and developing communities where treated on-site water is not available. Although rainwater catchment has been practiced for generations in rural Alaska communities, there are little data available on the quality and quantity of rainwater resources. Forty-eight rainwater samples were collected from nine communities in Alaska over 2 years. Samples were tested for physical water quality parameters, metals, and bacteria. Characteristics of household catchments were recorded. Rainwater quantity in two communities was evaluated. Overall, high-quality water was observed in rain catchments, with average total organic carbon (TOC) and turbidity being lower than or equal to those values in other published rainwater studies. pH was consistently low. Over 80% of samples were below the United States limits for metals and met international microbiological water quality standards. However, variation was observed between households, communities, indoor/outdoor bacteria samples, covered/uncovered storage containers, and over time. The quantity of rainwater available for catchment could supply 17–40% of annual household water and is projected to increase in future decades according to Alaska climate models. Best practices are recommended for rural Alaska communities to maintain the naturally high quality of rainwater and take advantage of large quantities of rainwater available on-site.

scholarly journals Evaluating the groundwater quality of Damodar Fan Delta (India) using fuzzy-AHP MCDM technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Mahammad ◽  
Aznarul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Groundwater Quantity

AbstractIn recent years, groundwater pollution has become increasingly a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to increasing dependency on it for various purposes. The Damodar Fan Delta is one of the agriculture-dominated areas in West Bengal especially for rice cultivation and it has a serious constraint regarding groundwater quantity and quality. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters and spatial variation of groundwater quality index (GWQI) for 2019 using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The 12 water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, iron (Fe−) and fluoride (F−), major anions (SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3−), and cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+) for the 29 sample wells of the study area were used for constructing the GWQI. This study used the FAHP method to define the weights of the different parameters for the GWQI. The results reveal that the bicarbonate content of 51% of sample wells exceeds the acceptable limit of drinking water, which is maximum in the study area. Furthermore, higher concentrations of TDS, pH, fluoride, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in few locations while nitrate and sulfate contents of all sample wells fall under the acceptable limits. The result shows that 13.79% of the samples are excellent, 68.97% of the samples are very good, 13.79% of the samples are poor, and 3.45% of the samples are very poor for drinking purposes. Moreover, it is observed that very poor quality water samples are located in the eastern part and the poor water wells are located in the northwestern and eastern part while excellent water quality wells are located in the western and central part of the study area. The understanding of the groundwater quality can help the policymakers for the proper management of water resources in the study area.

scholarly journals Loading, transport, and treatment of emerging chemical and biological contaminants of concern in stormwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaiya Saifur ◽  
Courtney M. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract Stormwater is a largely uncontrolled source of pollution in rural and urban environments across the United States. Concern regarding the growing diversity and abundance of pollutants in stormwater as well as their impacts on water quality has grown significantly over the past several decades. In addition to conventional contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, stormwater is a well-documented source of many contaminants of emerging concern, which can be toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms and remain a barrier to maintaining high quality water resources. Chemical pollutants like pharmaceuticals and personal care products, industrial pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and tire wear particles in stormwater are of great concern due to their toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Emerging microbial contaminants such as pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes also represent significant threats to environmental water quality and human health. Knowledge regarding the transport, behavior, and the remediation capacity of these pollutants in runoff is key for addressing these pollutants in situ and minimizing ecosystem perturbations. To this end, this review paper will analyze current understanding of these contaminants in stormwater runoff in terms of their transport, behavior, and bioremediation potential.

scholarly journals Optimization of resource and water recovery from urine

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lefebvre ◽  
Jiangyong Hu ◽  
Say Leong Ong ◽  
How Yong Ng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Fresh Urine

This study deals with the feasibility and practicality to recover water and nutrients from fresh urine by means of evaporation/condensation. The evaporation process generated two distinct fractions: a condensate and a concentrate. The optimal percentage of evaporation (in volume) was found to be 80%, resulting in optimal condensate quality. Higher percentages of evaporation resulted in a deterioration of water quality, as urea decomposed into ammonia, followed by volatilization of the ammonia which ended up in the condensate. Following evaporation, struvite was recovered from the concentrate at an optimal Mg/N ratio of 1/1. The condensate was purified by filtration into two layers of soil and sand, followed by zeolites. Complete removal of N-NH3 and 91% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be achieved throughout this process. Finally, the condensate was disinfected by sodium hypochlorite, achieving over 6-log inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage at a dose of 1,200 mg min/L. In conclusion, this study shows that there exist some potential benefits to the production of high-quality water and fertilizer from urine. The value of struvite recovered from the concentrate was found to be equivalent to that of the water from the condensate, showing that both streams deserve equal attention.

THE EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY ON REMOVAL OF ACETAMINOPHEN IN SURFACE WATER BY OZONATION PROCESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Anis Ahmad Lutpi ◽  
Muhamad Ali Muhammad Yuzir ◽  
Ee Ling Yong ◽  
Mohamad Razman Salim ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ozonation Process

The effectiveness of ozone to remove acetaminophen in surface water was studied. The results demonstrated that the removal of acetaminophen in surface water by ozone was achieved less than 30 minutes. Ozonation experiment was conducted with the initial concentration of 3.3 x 10-3 mM acetaminophen and para-cholobenzoic acid was selected as hydroxyl radical probe. The second-order rate constants for the reactions between acetaminophen and ozone have been evaluated in different quality of surface water. Based on the result obtained, ozonewas reducing rapidly in water samples according to the level of water quality. The presence of various organic and inorganic compounds in the water samples, which greatly influence the decomposition of dissolved ozone, hydroxyl exposure and removal of acetaminophen. The rate constants showed the minimum value (7.34 x 10-4 M-1 s-1) in lower water quality and maximum value (4.57 x 10-2 M-1 s-1) in high-quality water.

scholarly journals Biogeography and co-occurrence of 16 planktonic species of Keratella Bory de St. Vincent, 1822 (Rotifera, Ploima, Brachionidae) in lakes and reservoirs of the United States

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA E. TAUSZ ◽  
JOHN R. BEAVER ◽  
THOMAS R. RENICKER ◽  
JULIA A. KLEPACH ◽  
AMINA I. POLLARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Local Water ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The U.S

We report current distributions of 16 species of Keratella Bory de St. Vincent, 1822 within lakes and reservoirs of the U.S. Specimens were identified from 988 lakes and reservoirs during spring and summer 2012 as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Lakes Assessment (NLA). We performed a co-occurrence analysis to determine correlations between species-pair occurrences and a niche-centroid analysis to predict optimal water quality conditions for each species. While a high degree of overlap in geographic range was observed among the species, distribution maps showed that K. quadrata was largely confined to more northern latitudes and K. americana was confined primarily to the eastern U.S. Other common species were either ubiquitously or sparsely distributed across ecoregions, suggesting that their distribution may be more related to inter-species competition or local water quality parameters. This study expands the limited pool of knowledge on rotifer biogeography within the U.S. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Household Water Quality from Selected Storage Vessels used in a South-Western Rural Community, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
David Bamidele Olawade ◽  
Ojima Zechariah Wada ◽  
Omotayo Asogbon ◽  
Grace O. Owojori ◽  
Adesina Olufemi Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Clay Pots

Water is an important requirement for life but its contamination via natural and anthropogenic activities is of great concern. This study determined some physicochemical parameters of drinking water from the main source (borehole), and selected storage vessels in Abimbola, Ayedaade Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. About 10 household water samples were collected randomly from the 70 households in the village. The major water storage vessels used by the villagers were clay pots. Only about one-fifth of the households used plastic containers. All the physico-chemical parameters assessed were within permissible limits of the World Health Organization and Standards Organization of Nigeria’s drinking water guidelines except for Lead and nitrite. Furthermore, water stored in clay pots had significantly higher levels of Nitrate (p=0.04), Nitrite (p=0.04), Sulphate (p=0.04), Lead (p=0.03), Iron (p=0.04), and Manganese (p=0.04) than those stored in plastic containers. Results suggest that the type of storage vessels used could influence the physicochemical quality of the water stored in them. Also, basic water quality monitoring needs to be conducted routinely to ascertain and maintain high quality water supply per time.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis on water quality in an urban micro watershed

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Tavares Zambrano ◽  
Cristiano Poleto ◽  
Jefferson Nascimento Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This study presents a comparative analysis of water quality data in an urban micro watershed to study the magnitude of impacts on the water quality parameters over the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree of deterioration using the water quality index. Design/methodology/approach Rapid urban growth without proper land use and occupation planning results in the overload of urban water resources. Therefore, a literature review was conducted on the research subject published in the dissertation databases of the Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira, which resulted in the selection of two dissertations on water quality in the Ipê Stream, Ilha Solteira – SP, Brazil. The results will be evaluated according to the Brazilian laws and regulations in force. Findings This study shows that pollution and degradation in the stream intensified during the study period, with the most impacted areas within the urban perimeter. Practical implications The increasing impacts underscore the need for efficient measures such as implementation of retention reservoirs, elimination of clandestine sewage connections and restoration of riparian forests. Originality/value This study highlights the need to monitor the water quality of streams in order to establish preventive and mitigating measures to avert the growing environmental impacts and to ensure quality water for future generations.

scholarly journals Advanced Treatment of Real Grey Water by SBR Followed by Ultrafiltration—Performance and Fouling Behavior

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Kamińska ◽  
Anna Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Water

Grey water has been identified as a potential source of water in a number of applications e.g., toilet flushing, laundering in first rinsing, floor cleaning, and irrigation. The major obstacle to the reuse of grey water relates to pathogens, nutrients, and organic matter found in grey water. Therefore, much effort has been put to treat grey water, in order to yield high-quality water deprived of bacteria and with an appropriate value in a wide range of quality parameters (Total Organic Carbon (TOC), nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, pH, and absorbance), similar to the values for tap water. The aim of this study was to treat the real grey water, and turn it into high-quality, safe water. For this purpose, the real grey water was treated by means of a sequential biological reactor (SBR) followed by ultrafiltration. Initially, grey water was treated in a laboratory SBR reactor with a capacity of 3 L, operated in a 24 h cycle. Then, SBR effluent was purified in a cross-flow ultrafiltration setup. Treatment efficiency in SBR and ultrafiltration was assessed using extended physicochemical and microbiological analyses (pH, conductivity, color, absorbance, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, total nitrogen, phenol index, nonionic and anionic surfactants, TOC, Escherichia coli, and enterococci). Additionally, ultrafiltration was evaluated in terms of fouling behavior for three polymer membranes with different MWCO (molecular weight cut-off). The values of quality parameters (pH, conductivity, COD, BOD5, TOC, N-NH4+, N-NO3−, Ntot, and P-PO43−) measured in SBR effluent did not exceed permissible values for wastewater discharged to soil and water. Ultrafiltration provided the high-quality water with very low values of COD (5.8–18.1 mg/L), TOC (0.47–2.19 mg/L), absorbanceUV254 (0.015–0.048 1/cm), color (10–29 mgPt/L) and concentration of nitrate (0.18–0.56 mg/L), phosphate (0.9–2.1 mg/L), ammonium (0.03–0.11 mg/L), and total nitrogen (3.3–4.7 mg/L) as well as lack of E. coli and enterococci. Membrane structural and surface properties did not affect the treatment efficiency, but did influence the fouling behavior.

scholarly journals The Effect of Stocking Density on Survival Rate of Siamese Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Fry in Recirculation System

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Monica Anastasya Sinaga ◽  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Zahidah Hasan ◽  
Herman Hamdani ◽  
Ujang Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Recirculation System ◽  
Quality Water

The research aims to determine the best stocking density in the maintenance of Siamese catfish seedlings based on the influence exerted on the survival of Siamese catfish seeds and improving water quality in the recirculation system. This research was conducted at the Green House Ciparanje FPIK Unpad Jatinangor in August 2019. Maintenance activities are carried out in a 70x70x70 cm fiber equipped with a recirculation system and filled with 150 L of water per fiber. The study was conducted with four stocking solid treatments as follows 375 fry/fiber (treatment A); 450 fry/fiber (treatment B); 525 fry/fiber (treatment C); and 600 fry/fiber (treatment D). Siamese catfish fry is 1 inch in size with an average weight of 0.307 grams. The parameters observed were the survival of Siamese catfish fry and water quality. Water quality measurements include temperature, degree of acidity (pH), and ammonia (NH3). Water quality testing was carried out at the Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. During the study, there was no exchange of water or siphon. The method used in this research was analyzed descriptively and compared the results of survival rate fish and water quality parameters toward the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results showed that the best stocking density was 600 fry/fiber with a survival rate of 100% Siamese catfish and the ammonia value at the beginning of maintenance was 0.140 mg/L and the end of maintenance decreased to 0.137 mg/L.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kondisi Lingkungan Akuakultur Pada DAS Tondano Di Kelurahan Ternate Baru Kota Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolvinus Wakman ◽  
Suzanne L Undap ◽  
Indra Salindeho
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this study, we evaluated the current condition of the environmental conditions of aquaculture on watershed Tondano River in terms of physical and chemical parameters. Determination of sampling points at each station is placed vertically at three predetermined points from the brigde toward the front of the aquaculture, the distance between one point to the next point was ± 50 m; whereas for the analysis of water quality parameters was done using an HORIBA water quality meters type U-536. Determination points were done by purposive sampling which refers to the physiographic location wherever possible in order to represent or describe these waters. The research was carried out for 3 weeks and was done in 3 stages, morning, afternoon and evening. For direct measurement (in situ) was performed once a week at the three points which included parameters pH, temperature, conductivity, DO, Oxidation reduction potential, turbidity, TDS, depth and GPS. Generally, the result of water quality analysis at the aquaculture still in the water quality standard PP No.82 of 2001. Keywords: Evaluation, water quality, water Lake Tondano, Aquaculture

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