scholarly journals Human infective potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in urban wastewater treatment plant effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Ma ◽  
Yaoyu Feng ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Eric N. Villegas ◽  
Lihua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis are important waterborne diseases. In the standard for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in China and other countries, the fecal coliform count is the only microbial indicator, raising concerns about the potential for pathogen transmission through WWTP effluent reuse. In this study, we collected 50 effluent samples (30 L/sample) from three municipal WWTPs in Shanghai, China, and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, propidium monoazide (PMA)-PCR was used to assess the viability of oocysts/cysts. The microscopy and PCR-positive rates for Cryptosporidium spp. were 62% and 40%, respectively. The occurrence rates of G. duodenalis were 96% by microscopy and 92–100% by PCR analysis of three genetic loci. Furthermore, E. bieneusi was detected in 70% (35/50) of samples by PCR. Altogether, 10 Cryptosporidium species or genotypes, two G. duodenalis genotypes, and 11 E. bieneusi genotypes were found, most of which were human-pathogenic. The chlorine dioxide disinfection employed in WWTP1 and WWTP3 failed to inactivate the residual pathogens; 93% of the samples from WWTP1 and 83% from WWTP3 did not meet the national standard on fecal coliform levels. Thus, urban WWTP effluents often contain residual waterborne human pathogens.

Fate of phthalate esters in municipal wastewater treatment plant and their environmental impact

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1400
Author(s):  
Minghao Kong ◽  
Yonghui Song ◽  
Yizhang Zhang ◽  
Ruixia Liu ◽  
Jian Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Receiving River

The fate and distribution of six phthalate esters (PAEs) in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) employing an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process were investigated. The process achieved relatively high removal efficiencies of PAEs in the range 55–97%. It illustrated that biotransformation and sludge-adsorption were major elimination pathways by analyzing the mass balance and flux of PAEs. About 83% of ∑PAEs was entirely removed by A2/O bioreactors indicating biotransformation is the dominant removal mechanism. PAEs with shorter alkyl chain length and higher water solubility were more biodegradable. Less than 6% of ∑PAEs were removed by excess sludge adsorption. The sludge-adsorption capacity of PAE depends on its hydrophobicity. The levels and fluxes of PAEs were analyzed by monitoring different sites of the receiving river of the WWTP effluent to clarify the potential impact of discharge. Daily flux of PAEs upstream and downstream of the discharging point were 113 kg·d−1 and 205 kg·d−1, respectively, which were higher than the effluent devotion value of 6.67 kg·d−1. It suggested that the emissions from the WWTP appeared to be less than those from the other possible sources, such as potential untreated discharge and surface runoff. Improvement of wastewater collection efficiencies is necessary to eliminate the PAE load in the urban river.

Extraction and identification of microplastic particles from secondary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1412-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dyachenko ◽  
J. Mitchell ◽  
N. Arsem
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

A wastewater utility's attempt to optimize extraction and identification of microplastics underscores unique matrix-related challenges and interferences.

Use of sewer on-line total solids data in wastewater treatment plant modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Poutiainen ◽  
H. Niska ◽  
H. Heinonen-Tanski ◽  
M. Kolehmainen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mlr Model

We describe a neural network model of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in which on-line total solids (TS) sewer data generated by a novel microwave sensor is used as a model input variable. The predictive performance of the model is compared with and without sewer data and with modelling with a traditional linear multiple linear regression (MLR) model. In addition, the benefits of using neural networks are discussed. According to our results, the neural network based MLP (multilayer perceptron) model provides a better estimate than the corresponding MLR model of WWTP effluent TS load. The inclusion of sewer TS data as an input variable improved the performance of the models. The results suggest that increased on-line sensing of WWTPs should be stressed and that neural networks are useful as a modelling tool due to their capability of handling the nonlinear and dynamic data of sewer and WWTP systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Carrier Filling Ratio on the Advanced Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent by Denitrifying MBBR

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhe Zhao ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Zan He ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Guokai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

The filling ratio (FR) of a carrier has an influence on the pollutant removal of the aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). However, the effect of the polyethylene (PE) carrier FR on the performance and microbial characteristics of the denitrifying MBBR for the treatment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent has not been extensively studied. A bench-scale denitrifying MBBR was set up and operated with PE carrier FRs of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% for the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen from WWTP effluent at 12 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). The nitrate removal rates with FRs of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were 94.3 ± 3.9%, 87.7 ± 7.3%, 89.7 ± 11.6%, and 94.6 ± 4.0%, and the corresponding denitrification rates (rNO3--N) were 8.0 ± 5.6, 11.3 ± 4.6, 11.6 ± 4.6, and 10.0 ± 4.9 mg NO3−-N/L/d, respectively. Nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis illustrated that the highest functional diversity (Shannon’s diversity index, H′) of biofilm microbial community was obtained at 30% FR. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results indicated that the abundance of nitrate reductase (narG) and nosZ genes at 30% FR was significantly higher than that at 20% FR, and no significant changes were observed at 40% and 50% FRs. Thus, 30% FR was recommended as the optimal carrier FR for the denitrifying MBBR.

scholarly journals Influence of effluents from a Wastewater Treatment Plant on nutrient distribution in a coastal creek from southern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Ronaldo Cataldo Costa ◽  
Ubiratan Freitas ◽  
Gilberto Fillmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Nutrient Emission ◽  
Receiving Waters

The hypothesis that effluents treated through activated sludge process cause changes in nutrient biogeochemistry of receiving water bodies was investigated in Vieira creek, southern Brazil. Dissolved oxygen, suspended matter, and pH did not vary among the sampling stations. Nutrient, biochemical oxygen demand, and conductivity values were significantly higher downstream from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents. Further downstream, nitrate concentrations were higher due to ammonium nitrification, organic matter remineralization and/or the occurrence of unidentified sources. Per capita nutrient emission factors were estimated to be 0.16 kg P.yr-1 and 4.14 kg N.yr-1. Under pristine conditions, low N:P ratios were observed, which were significantly increased downstream due to the high ammonium input. The mixing zone of the nitrogen-rich waters from Vieira creek with the phosphorus-enriched waters from Patos lagoon estuary was considered under high risk of eutrophication. The results could be useful for planning and management of WWTP-effluent receiving waters in temperate regions from developing countries.

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment plant effluent as a source of microplastics: review of the fate, chemical interactions and potential risks to aquatic organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2253-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Ziajahromi ◽  
Peta A. Neale ◽  
Frederic D. L. Leusch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent has been identified as a potential source of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Microplastics have recently been detected in wastewater effluent in Western Europe, Russia and the USA. As there are only a handful of studies on microplastics in wastewater, it is difficult to accurately determine the contribution of wastewater effluent as a source of microplastics. However, even the small amounts of microplastics detected in wastewater effluent may be a remarkable source given the large volumes of wastewater treatment effluent discharged to the aquatic environment annually. Further, there is strong evidence that microplastics can interact with wastewater-associated contaminants, which has the potential to transport chemicals to aquatic organisms after exposure to contaminated microplastics. In this review we apply lessons learned from the literature on microplastics in the aquatic environment and knowledge on current wastewater treatment technologies, with the aim of identifying the research gaps in terms of (i) the fate of microplastics in WWTPs, (ii) the potential interaction of wastewater-based microplastics with trace organic contaminants and metals, and (iii) the risk for aquatic organisms.

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