scholarly journals Evaluation of virus reduction efficiency in wastewater treatment unit processes as a credit value in the multiple-barrier system for wastewater reclamation and reuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Ito ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kato ◽  
Makoto Hasegawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
Satoshi Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

The virus reduction efficiency of each unit process is commonly determined based on the ratio of virus concentration in influent to that in effluent of a unit, but the virus concentration in wastewater has often fallen below the analytical quantification limit, which does not allow us to calculate the concentration ratio at each sampling event. In this study, left-censored datasets of norovirus (genogroup I and II), and adenovirus were used to calculate the virus reduction efficiency in unit processes of secondary biological treatment and chlorine disinfection. Virus concentration in influent, effluent from the secondary treatment, and chlorine-disinfected effluent of four municipal wastewater treatment plants were analyzed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, and the probabilistic distributions of log reduction (LR) were estimated by a Bayesian estimation algorithm. The mean values of LR in the secondary treatment units ranged from 0.9 and 2.2, whereas those in the free chlorine disinfection units were from −0.1 and 0.5. The LR value in the secondary treatment was virus type and unit process dependent, which raised the importance for accumulating the data of virus LR values applicable to the multiple-barrier system, which is a global concept of microbial risk management in wastewater reclamation and reuse.

scholarly journals Fecal Source Tracking in A Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation System Using Multiple Waterborne Gastroenteritis Viruses

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ji ◽  
Xiaochang C. Wang ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
Chongmiao Zhang ◽  
Cheng Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Reclamation System

Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.

Coagulation-adsorption-ultrafiltration for wastewater treatment and reuse

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abdessemed ◽  
G. Nezzal ◽  
R. Ben Aim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Tubular Membranes

We considered the treatment of domestic wastewater by coagulation–adsorption–ultrafiltration, and a test of adsorption like pre-treatment to the membrane as an alternative for wastewater reclamation and reuse. The performances of two inorganic tubular membranes (M2 and M5 CARBOSEP with 15,000 Da and 10,000 Da MWCO) were studied. Powdered activated carbon was used as adsorbent agent and FeCl3 as a coagulant. Coupling adsorption and ultrafiltration resulted in satisfactory results: the efficiency of COD removal was increased by using PAC compared with results obtained when using only UF membranes.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification using pure-culture bacteria for wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khanichaidecha ◽  
A. Nakaruk ◽  
K. Ratananikom ◽  
R. Eamrat ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Term Operation

Abstract Due to the high water demand and unsustainable water resource, wastewater reclamation and wastewater treatment prior to discharge have become current important issues. Various treatment technologies, such as biological processes, have been improved as alternatives. In this study, the biological nitrogen removal system using pure-culture Bacillus licheniformis was developed and used as an internal treatment unit in an aquarium to improve the effluent quality for water reuse. The efficiencies for NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal and the quality of treated water verified the occurrence of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification; the nitrification rate was 0.84 mg/L-h and the denitrification rate was 0.62 mg/L-h. The maximal NH4-N and TN removal efficiencies were approximately 73% at the influent NH4-N of 30 mg/L. However, the other competitive heterotroph of Pseudomonas sp. was observed, which resulted in dramatically decreasing efficiencies and an enlarged ratio of carbon consumption and nitrogen removal. Although the overall performance of the B. licheniformis system was lower than the system using mixed-culture nitrifying and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms, the advantages of the B. licheniformis system were ease of operation and the fact that it is a land-limited treatment system. The research is ongoing to enhance performance and maintain excellent efficiency in a long-term operation.

The Role of Advanced Treatment in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Mujeriego ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Advanced Wastewater Treatment

The role of advanced wastewater treatment in wastewater reclamation and reuse is reviewed. Most of the current wastewater reclamation and reuse technologies are essentially derived from those used in water and wastewater treatment. However, opportunities for adopting technological innovations are much greater for water reuse applications, because reclaimed water will have an economic value as an alternative water supply. Significant progress has been made in developing sound technical approaches to producing high quality and reliable water sources from reclaimed wastewater. This overview paper provides an assessment of technological advances in water reclamation and reuse, which has been dubbed as “the greatest challenge of the 21st century.” The paper was presented at the Opening Plenary Session of the IAWQ's Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse Conference in Milan, Italy on September 14, 1998.

Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Chiou ◽  
T.C. Chang ◽  
C.F. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources.

The role of physical-chemical treatment in wastewater reclamation and reuse

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Adin ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse

Amid the heightened public health concerns for emerging microorganisms such as cryptosporidium and enteropathogenic E. coli in the water environment, there have been many instances where optimization of chemical coagulation-flocculation processes and filtration of wastewater was not achieved in practice, resulting in waste of coagulant chemicals and breach of the multiple barriers to pathogen removal and inactivation; thus, unnecessarily endangering public health. In addition, lack of information on the optimization of these processes has hampered the establishment of alternative and more cost-effective wastewater reclamation methods for tertiary and advanced wastewater treatment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the basic factors affecting the optimization of chemical coagulation-flocculation and filtration processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse, based on the theoretical developments and practical applications. Reference is also made to the wastewater treatment processes and operations that can produce reclaimed water with an extremely small probability of enteric virus contamination.

Removal Efficiencies of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment Processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hirata ◽  
Kiyoshi Kawamura ◽  
Kazuyoshi Yano ◽  
Mitsumi Kaneko ◽  
Takeo Moniwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Indicator Microorganism ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Microorganism Removal

The removal characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in wastewater treatment unit processes were studied at five operating wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of the selected microorganisms in each unit process were dependent upon not only the systems but also the kinds of microorganisms. In almost all processes, the removal efficiencies of total coliforms were similar to or higher than those of Clostridium perfringens except for filtration processes. In the additional survey, focussed on the comparison of removal efficiencies of total coliforms, Cl. perfringens and coliphages, little difference was found between CL perfringens and coliphages. From these results, it may be suggested that CL Perfringens is an effective indicator microorganism for evaluating microorganism removal in wastewater treatment processes and systems.

Technologies for wastewater treatment appropriate for reuse: potential for applications in Greece

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tchobanoglous ◽  
Andreas N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
Of Greece

During the past 15 years, a wide variety of technologies have been developed that can be used for the treatment of wastewater for reuse applications. To assess the need for alternative technologies, potential reuse applications are reviewed. Changes in wastewater management, including the growing importance of decentralized wastewater management, is examined. The role of decentralized wastewater management is considered with respect to wastewater treatment, reclamation, and reuse. Technologies are presented and discussed for a wide range of reuse applications, ranging from individual homes to large centralized systems. The performance of representative technologies is assessed. A brief review of the water resources of Greece is presented to provide some perspective on the potential for wastewater reclamation and reuse in Greece.

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

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