scholarly journals Typing of Legionella strains isolated from environmental samples in Crete, Greece, during the period 2004–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Christos Panoulis ◽  
Ioannis Goniotakis ◽  
Eirini Makridaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Standard Tests

In Greece, standard tests are performed in watering and cooling systems of hotels. A total of 1,494 water samples were collected during 2004–2011 from 124 hotels from four regions in Crete (Greece). Samples were tested for the presence of Legionella spp.; 103 isolates were identified and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing and sequence-based typing (SBT) (in case of L. pneumophila sg 1). Of those, 48 belonged to various serogroups of L. pneumophila (sg 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, and 15), 32 were characterized as L. anisa, 17 as L. taurinensis and there was a single occurrence of L. quinlivanii, L. maceachernii, and L. oakridgensis. In the case of L. pneumophila SG1, one prevalent sequence type was revealed (ST37). The variability of Legionella spp. observed questions the existence of a single ST of the L. pneumophila sg1 species and leads towards the need for a genetic level investigation of all Legionnaires' disease cases.

scholarly journals Diversity ofLeptospiraspp. in Rats and Environment from Urban Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Kasing Apun ◽  
Lela Su’ut
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil And Water

Various prevalence studies onLeptospirain animals and humans, as well as environmental samples, had been conducted worldwide, including Malaysia. However, limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophyticLeptospirain selected animals and environments. This study was therefore conducted to detectLeptospiraspp. in rats, soil, and water from urban areas of Sarawak using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 107 rats, 292 soil samples, and 324 water samples were collected from April 2014 to February 2015. PathogenicLeptospirawas present in 5.6% (6/107) of rats, 11.6% (34/292) of soil samples, and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. IntermediateLeptospirawas present in 2.7% (8/292) of soil samples and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. SaprophyticLeptospirawas present in 10.3% (11/107) of rats, 1.4% (4/292) of soil samples, and 0.3% (1/324) of water samples. From this study, 76Leptospiraspp. were isolated. Based on DNA sequencing, the dominantLeptospiraspp. circulating in urban areas of Sarawak are pathogenicLeptospira noguchii, intermediateLeptospira wolffiiserovar Khorat, and saprophyticLeptospira meyeri, respectively. Overall, this study provided important surveillance data on the prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. from rats and the environment, with dominant local serovars in urban areas of Sarawak.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

Subtyping ofLegionella pneumophilaisolates by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ledesma ◽  
J. Llorca ◽  
M. A. Dasí ◽  
M. L. Camaró ◽  
E. Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Resort Hotel ◽  
Different Water Sources

Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to differentiate strains of Legionella pneumophila isolated from different water sources in a resort hotel in Benidorm, Alicante, Spain, where an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred among a group of tourists between 65 and 80 years of age. All isolates were L. pneumophila serogroup 1, subtype Pontiac (Knoxville 1). Five different patterns (P1 to P5) were obtained by AP-PCR. The number of bands per pattern varied between 4 and 11. Patterns P1 and P2 represented 60 and 20% of L. pneumophila isolates, respectively. Since different subpopulations of L. pneumophila coexisted (up to three different AP-PCR patterns were identified in a single room), it was not possible to link an individual L. pneumophila strain to the occurrence of this outbreak.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, AP-PCR, subtyping, outbreak.

scholarly journals Occurrence of virulent multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumin the pigs, farmers and farm environments in Malaysia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang Chiet Tan ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Peck Toung Ooi ◽  
Kwai Lin Thong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BackgroundEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumare ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, biofilm-forming ability and genotypes ofE. faecalisandE. faeciumfrom swine farms. Correlations between the genotypes, virulotypes, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors such as locality of farms and farm hygiene practice were explored.MethodsE. faecalisandE. faeciumstrains were isolated from the oral, rectal and fecal samples of 140 pigs; nasal, urine and fecal samples of 34 farmers working in the farms and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms located in Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method, and the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed to determine the clonality of the strains. Crosstab/Chi-square test and DistLM statistical analyses methods were used to determine the correlations between the genotypes, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors.ResultsA total of 211E. faecalisand 42E. faeciumwere recovered from 140 pigs, 34 farmers and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Ninety-eight percent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin). Fifty-two percent of the strains formed biofilms. Virulence genesefa, asaI, gelE,esp,cylandacegenes were detected. Virulence genesefaandasaI were most prevalent inE. faecalis(90%) andE. faecium(43%), respectively. Cluster analyses based on REP-PCR and PFGE showed the strains were genetically diverse. Overall, the strains isolated from pigs and farmers were distinct, except for three highly similar strains found in pigs and farmers. The strains were regional- and host-specific.DiscussionThis study revealed alarming high frequencies of multidrug-resistant enterococci in pigs and swine farmers. The presence of resistance and virulence genes and the ability to form biofilm further enhance the persistence and pathogenicity of the strains. Although the overall clonality of the strains were regionals and host-specific, strains with high similarity were found in different hosts. This study reiterates a need of a more stringent regulation to ensure the proper use of antibiotics in swine husbandry to reduce the wide spread of multidrug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with a recombinant porA gene in Scotland, United Kingdom, 2010 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Eastick ◽  
A Winter ◽  
S Jamdar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Three isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been identified in Scotland in 2010 and 2011, which lack sequences in the porA pseudogene commonly used as the target for confirmatory gonorrhoea polymerase chain reaction assays. Two isolates were clustered temporally and geographically and have the same sequence type and porA sequence. A similar strain was reported in Australia during early 2011. The other Scottish isolate was identified separately and is different in sequence type and porA sequence.

Evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Direct Detection of Escherichia coli Strains in Environmental Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa A. Sherfi . ◽  
Hamid A. Dirar . ◽  
Badr E. Hago . ◽  
Mohamed E. Ahmed . ◽  
Hassan A. Musa . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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