scholarly journals Comparison of disinfectants for biofilm, protozoa and Legionella control

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Loret ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
V. Thomas ◽  
Y. Lévi ◽  
A. J. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Simulation Unit ◽  
Equivalent Conditions ◽  
Domestic Water Supply ◽  
Initial Contamination

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of different disinfectants applicable to Legionella control in domestic water systems. A domestic water supply simulation unit that allowed simulation of real-world conditions was developed for this purpose. The system, consisting of seven identical rigs, was used to compare treatment efficiency under equivalent conditions of system design, materials, hydraulics, water quality, temperature and initial contamination. During the study, each of six loops received continuous application of one of the following disinfectants: chlorine, electro-chlorination, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ozone, or copper/silver. The seventh loop was used as a control and remained untreated. Performance evaluation of these disinfectants was based on their ability to reduce not only Legionella, but also protozoa and biofilms, which contribute to the establishment and dissemination of these bacteria in water systems, and their resistance to treatments. Regarding these criteria, chlorine dioxide and chlorine (as bleach or obtained by electro-chlorination) were the most effective treatments in this study. However, in comparison with chlorine, chlorine dioxide showed a longer residual activity in the system, which constituted an advantage in the perspective of an application to extensive pipework systems.

scholarly journals Multiple Urban Domestic Water Systems: Method for Simultaneously Stabilized Robust Control Decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebai Li ◽  
Tianyi Ma ◽  
Guo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Robust Control ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Demand Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Domestic Water Consumption ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

The distribution of water resources and the degree of economic development in different cities will result in different parameters for the supply and demand of domestic water in each city. In this paper, a simultaneous stabilization and robust control method is proposed for decision-making regarding multiple urban domestic water systems. The urban water demand is expressed as the product of the urban domestic water consumption population and per capita domestic water consumption. The fixed capital investment and labor input of the urban domestic water supply industry are used as control variables. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the linear matrix inequality method, multiple urban domestic water supply and demand systems can accomplish asymptotical stability through the coordinated input of investment and labor. For an empirical analysis, we take six cities—Nanjing, Wuxi, Nantong, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, and Lianyungang—in Jiangsu Province, China, to study the simultaneously stabilized coordinated control scheme. The simulation results show that the same control scheme simultaneously achieves the asymptotic stability of these urban domestic water supply and demand systems, and is robust when it comes to the variation of system parameters. This method is particularly suitable for a water resources administrative agency to make a unified decision-making arrangement for water supply input in different areas. It will help synchronize multiple urban domestic water managements and reduce the difficulty of control.

Disinfection of domestic water systems for Legionella pneumophila

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
J. F. Loret ◽  
A. J. Cooper ◽  
R. F. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Domestic Water

Chlorine dioxide as an alternative antifouling biocide for cooling water systems: Toxicity to larval barnacle Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinomi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Venkatnarayanan ◽  
P. Sriyutha Murthy ◽  
Ramalingam Kirubagaran ◽  
Vayalam P. Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems
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