scholarly journals Energy, drinking water and health nexus in India and its effects on environment and economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant P. Katekar ◽  
Sandip S. Deshmukh ◽  
A. Vasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Criterion Analysis

Abstract This paper examines energy, drinking water and health nexus in India, and its consequences for the environment and economy. To establish this nexus, K-means cluster analysis and Davies–Bouldin validation index are employed to group 32 Indian states and union territories. The classification was performed based on 16 criteria, and the number of optimal clusters arrived at is 8. The nexus between energy, drinking water and health must be cautiously dealt with to ensure the social and economic growth of the nation. The criterion analysis of the states within these clusters indicates that states and union territories facing energy crises are usually deficient in safe drinking water services; consequently, people of those regions suffer from ill-health, which increases the economic burden on people through the loss of work productivity. With a deficient cash reserve, the communities are incapable of fulfilling the demand for energy and safe drinking water. However, while installing desalination plants to fulfil the need for safe drinking water, their environmental impact must be taken into account, as these systems have high energy consumption and significant environmental impact.

scholarly journals Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation for Desalination of Groundwater: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhausaheb L. Pangarkar ◽  
Mukund G. Sane ◽  
Mahendra Guddad
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Strong Separation ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
By Products ◽  
Disposal Problem

In recent years, the increasing threat to groundwater quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. The groundwater quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by overexploitation, or by combination of both, which are faced by many Indian states. Today, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are the leading technology for desalination of groundwater because of their strong separation capabilities and exhibiting a great potential for treatment of waters worldwide. However, the RO process had some problems due to the formation of polarization films because high pressure operation and by-products which may generate bacteria and fouling. Also, high energy consumption and brine disposal problem is faced in RO process due to the limited recovery of water. These problems may be overcome by other membrane thermal process such as a membrane distillation (MD). This paper addresses the outline of RO and MD process for desalination. RO has developed over the past 40 years and MD is an emerging technology for brackish water desalination and yet is not fully implemented in industry. The MD is the better alternative to RO for desalination theoretically found in the literature.

scholarly journals Understanding social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in rural Bangladesh: a user-oriented analysis

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Kumar Kundu ◽  
Aarti Gupta ◽  
Arthur P. J. Mol ◽  
Mahbuba Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Dug Well

Contamination of shallow tube well drinking water by naturally occurring arsenic is a severe societal and human health challenge in Bangladesh. Multiple technological interventions seeking to ameliorate the problem face hurdles in securing social acceptance, i.e. the willingness of users to receive and use a technology. While most papers focus on expert understanding of social acceptability, this paper analyzes how users themselves understand the factors shaping the social acceptability of safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh. We then deploy such understanding to comparatively assess which factors users see as most important in securing social acceptance for three safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh: the arsenic removal household (Sono) filter; the deep tube well; and an improved dug well. We draw on focus groups and semi-structured interviews with technology users in six villages across three districts to analyze how users assess the social acceptability of specific arsenic-safe technologies. Our findings highlight that factors such as availability, affordability and compatibility with existing water use practices, as understood by users, are key to securing users' acceptance of a specific arsenic-safe option. In concluding, we point to a future research agenda to analyze user-oriented social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in developing country contexts.

Spring Health’s Tryst: Selling Safe Drinking Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Sumita Sindhi ◽  
Pranab Ranjan Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Indian States ◽  
East Indian ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Challenging Situation

The case talks about Spring Health Water India Private Limited (referred as SH), a social enterprise delivering safe drinking water to the millions who are earning less than $2 per day. Chairman of Spring Health Paul Polak, took up for-profit business venture as a measure to ensure health and poverty alleviation in rural areas. The idea is to provide affordable drinking water through decentralized delivery and utilizing local resources and grassroot entrepreneurs to keep the drinking water prices low. This venture provided extra income to some of the villagers — as entrepreneurs, business assistants, delivery boys, masons and plumbers, etc. Many innovative methods are adopted in the process to reach out to all social groups, in least possible time and at highly affordable prices. Effort is made to maximize customer base by using marketing techniques which are culturally and socially sensitive. Technology used in the process of chlorination is simple and with little knowledge/experience a villager can handle it too. It is a low cost technology and hence utilizes less resources, which are easily available and do not require high costs of handling and managing. The target is to reach 200 million people in the coming years covering East Indian states of Odisha, Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Jharkhand. To reach such scale, it requires concerted efforts on the part of company and a lot of funding support. Launch at each new village is a new challenge. Convincing rural masses on safe drinking water is a challenge and selling water with a price tag is not readily accepted in rural areas. Chairman Paul Polak and CEO Kishan Nanavati have a challenging situation of convincing people to buy safe drinking water and to mobilize funds for further expansion.

Impact of Biosand Filter on Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Rural Communities of the Philippines

10.17158/175 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon B. Sepe ◽  
Joel N. Sagadal ◽  
Rudy D. Lange ◽  
Jobert C. Porras
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Biosand Filter ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Biosand Filter (BSF) on access to safe drinking water in the poor communities of the Philippine regions. Specifically, this endeavor aimed to describe the efficacy of the BSF as water system in the household and also as a bio-innovative technology for poverty alleviation. It also intended to reveal the effectiveness of household (HH) BSF in terms of the defined characteristics of the model as mechanism on access to safe drinking water. The study utilized the quasi-experimental design, which integrates quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed using econometric methods while the qualitative data used some statistical tools to control patterns, characteristics, and conditions of various study variables to eliminate alternative explanations of the observed outcomes. By contingent valuation method, the efficiency of BSF as a system to eliminate total coliform is high at 92.22%. Iron, Copper and Lead were 100.00% eliminated as well. More than 75.00% of Manganese, more than 54.90% of Zinc and more than 83.33% of Arsenic were filtered by the BSF. Clearness of effluent water improved by more than 58.19% and potential hydrogen (pH) improved by more than 13.22%. Cost-Benefit analysis revealed that BSF alleviates poverty 21.80 folds that of the cost of the filter. Around 79.26 percent of the rural poor HHs was satisfied with the functions of the model in their respective homes according to the over-all evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of BSF. The social dynamics of BSF to the HH is dependent upon three essential variables namely, the willingness of the HH to pay for the productivity cost of the filter, the social acceptance on the use of technology, and the social cultural adaptation of the HH on Biosand Filters.

scholarly journals Water quality of small-scale desalination plants in southwest coastal Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1606-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Md. Ali Akber ◽  
Prosun Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Product Water ◽  
Desalination Plants

Abstract Southwest coastal Bangladesh has an acute scarcity of safe drinking water. Both the government and non-government organizations are now promoting reverse osmosis based small scale desalination plants (SSDPs) to ensure safe drinking water. The aim of this study was to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the desalination plants (DPs) installed in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from the inlet and outlet of 10 DPs. The product water mostly complied with water quality standards. High levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) in feed water were reduced significantly after the treatment, although 10% and 20% of the product water samples respectively did not comply with the WHO drinking water standards for those parameters. Compliance of product water with the WHO and Bangladesh drinking water standards for chloride, bicarbonate and sodium were found in respectively 80%, 90% and 70% of the samples, although their concentrations in all the feed water samples were higher than both of the standards. About one-third of the DPs did not meet the drinking water standard for sodium, which may be an important health concern for the people consuming this water. Apart from one of the DPs, all of them complied with the standard for faecal coliform and Escherichia coli. Results suggest that proper maintenance of the SSDPs is necessary to ensure safe drinking water for the coastal population of southwest Bangladesh.

Analysis of the Social and Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Fuel Refined from Used Cooking Oil in Ibaraki Prefecture

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-762
Author(s):  
Hirokazu GOTO ◽  
Yuichi HATAYA ◽  
Yasuyuki YOKOTA ◽  
Takeshi MIZUNOYA ◽  
Yoshiro HIGANO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ibaraki Prefecture

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document