Climate change due to heat and drought stress can alter the physiology of Maratheftiko local Cyprian grapevine variety

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Panayiota Xylia ◽  
Omiros Antoniou ◽  
Nikos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
P Content ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract The effect of climate change (CC) on viticulture in Europe is of great concern and several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptation to CC. In this study we focused on the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical stress markers in Maratheftiko cultivar. We showed that leaf photosynthetic rate was decreased with DS and HS after 8 and 20 days. The leaf stomatal conductance was decreased in the case of DS after 8 days, while no differences could be found due to HS. Total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS) were increased and seemed to be dependent on the relevant DS, HS and the period of stress exposure. Chlorophyll fluorescence was decreased in 50% volumetric water content (VWC) after 8 days of DS compared with the 100% VWC (control treatment). Leaf K and P content increased in moderate (50% VWC) irrigation stress and HS. Leaf hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation increased after 8 days of DS, and this resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, Maratheftiko performance against environmental stresses is related more to short-term DS than HS.

The effects of spraying methanol solution and drought stress on level of antioxidant enzyme activity, growth, biomass and yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv.COS16)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezam Armand ◽  
Hamzeh Amiri ◽  
Ahmad Ismaili
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moderate Drought

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol solution spray treatment on growth, biomass, and functional properties of bean plant under drought stress. The experiment was set up as a fully-randomized design with three replications. The first factor was four concentration levels of spray solution (Control, 10, 20, and 30%) and the spray was applied three times during the plant growth season at 10-day intervals. The second factor was three levels of drought stress; severe drought stress (25% field capacity), moderate drought stress (75% field capacity), and non-stress (100% field capacity). Test results showed that under 20% of methanol and conditions of non-stress there was significant growth of protein content of root and leaf in comparison with the control. Antioxidant enzyme activity was not affected by application of methanol solution spray but leaf antioxidant enzymes activity declined. Under non-stress and methanol concentrations of 10 and 20%, results showed a significant increase in all morphological properties compared with the control treatment. Under conditions of severe and moderate drought stress, level of methanol solution spray did not mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the studied properties.

Uncovering early response to drought by proteomic, physiological and biochemical changes in the almond × peach rootstock ‘Garnem'

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bielsa ◽  
María Á. Sanz ◽  
María J. Rubio-Cabetas
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought affects growth and metabolism in plants. To investigate the changes in root protein function involved in the early response to drought stress, a proteomic analysis in combination to a physiological and biochemical analysis was performed in plants of ‘Garnem’, an almond × peach hybrid rootstock, subjected to short-term drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation levels increased during the drought exposure, which induced stomatal closure, and thus, minimised water losses. These effects were reflected in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential levels. However, ‘Garnem’ was able to balance water content and maintain an osmotic adjustment in cell membranes, suggesting a dehydration avoidance strategy. The proteomic analysis revealed significant abundance changes in 29 and 24 spots after 2 and 24 h of drought stress respectively. Out of these, 15 proteins were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The abundance changes of these proteins suggest the influence in drought-responsive mechanisms present in ‘Garnem’, allowing its adaptation to drought conditions. Overall, our study improves existing knowledge on the root proteomic changes in the early response to drought. This will lead to a better understanding of dehydration avoidance and tolerance strategies, and finally, help in new drought-tolerance breeding approaches.

scholarly journals Foliar-applied Silicon and its Nanoparticles Stimulates Physio-chemical Changes to Improve Growth, Yield and Active Constituents of Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) Essential oil Under Different Irrigation Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoo Afshari ◽  
Alireza Pazoki ◽  
Omid Sadeghipour
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Moderate Drought

Abstract Purpose Silicon (Si) plays beneficial role in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses but comparative investigations with Si nanoparticles (Si-NPs) under water restriction on medicinal plants is not recognized. The aim of this study was to observe the Si and Si-NPs effects on growth, physio-chemical attributes, and essential oil (EO) profile in aerial parts of coriander (coriandrum sativum L.) under water stress. Methods A split-plot experiment was conducted with irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 90, and 120 mm evaporation from Class A pan) in the main plots and foliar application of Si (in the form of Na2SiO3) and Si-NPs in the subplots during 2019 and 2020. Results The results represented drought particularly severe stress decreased biological yield and relative water content (RWC) but increased total soluble sugar (TSS). Both Si and Si-NPs improved plant growth and yield through improved RWC, TSS, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Moderate drought stress with Si-NPs was highly effective on TPC, TFC, EO percentage and yield. The main EO constitutes were n-Decanal (20.8-27.6%), 2E-Dodecanal (13.3-16.7%), 2E-Decanal (13.9-18.7%), 2E-Tridecen-1-al (7.3-10.5%), Dodecanal (7.2-10.6%), and n-Nonane (4.3-8.7%). Heat map analysis (HMA) showed foliar application of Si and Si-NPs were significantly distinguished from control treatment, which was mainly explained by EO yield and TFC attributes. Conclusion Foliar-applied Si-NPs was the rapidly and highly effective practice to reach the optimum antioxidant capacity and EO yield of coriander plants when experience moderate drought stress.

scholarly journals Responses of Apple Plants to Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Servet Aras ◽  
Hakan Keles
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In order to screen apple rootstocks for drought tolerance, two different drought levels moderate and severe stress, and a control were applied to apple cultivar Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 rootstocks. Apple plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 15 and 19 days in the greenhouse conditions, while the control treatment was continued watering. Data were recorded 15 (moderate drought stress) and 19 days (severe drought stress) after application of drought stress. At the end of the experiment, both rootstocks were significantly affected under drought conditions. Severe drought stress caused decrease in SPAD value in Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 by 15.7 % and 11.1 %, respectively. Severe drought stress declined anthocyanin content in M9 and MM106 by 7.8 % and 28.4 %, respectively. Stomatal conductance was remarkably affected by drought stress. Effects of drought stress on plants depended on rootstocks, severity and duration of drought stress. As a result, the more invigorating rootstock MM106 was found more drought-tolerant when compared to M9 that is needed to be evaluated with more parameters.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Invasive Species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth to Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5976
Author(s):  
Liye Zhou ◽  
Xun Tian ◽  
Beimi Cui ◽  
Adil Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The invasive plant Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth exhibits strong adaptability to stress, especially drought. When newly introduced certain plant species can become invasive and quickly spread in an area due to lack of competition, potentially disturbing the ecological balance and species diversity. C. pauciflorus has been known to cause huge economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry. Thus, understanding the physiological responses of C. pauciflorus to drought stress could help explore the role of C. pauciflorus in population expansion in sandy land environments. In this study, we evaluated the response of C. pauciflorus to induced low, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. Results showed a linear reduction in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC) of the aboveground parts of C. pauciflorus following drought stress as compared to the control plants (no drought stress). Chemical analyses showed that the drought treatments significantly induced the production of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, MDA, and free amino acids as compared to the control treatment (no drought stress). On the other hand, the starch content was significantly reduced in drought-treated plants. This was also accompanied by a significant linear increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) in plants subjected to drought stress. On the basis of physiological and biochemical analyses, we propose that C. pauciflorus has evolved to survive harsh drought stress conditions of the desert via sophisticated biochemical adjustment and antioxidant reprograming that allows protection against damage caused by drought stress.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)—Growth and Phytochemical Compound Secretion in Degraded Lands under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Botir Khaitov ◽  
Munisa Urmonova ◽  
Aziz Karimov ◽  
Botirjon Sulaymonov ◽  
Kholik Allanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Four Levels

Water deficiency restricts plant productivity, while excessive soil moisture may also have an adverse impact. In light of this background, field trials were conducted in secondary saline soil (EC 6.5 dS m−1) at the experimental station of Tashkent State Agrarian University (TSAU), Uzbekistan to determine drought tolerance of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) by exposure to four levels of water deficit, namely control (70–80%), moderate (50–60%), strong (30–40%) and intense (10–20%) relative water content (WC) in the soil. The moderate drought stress exhibited positive effects on the morphological and physiological parameters of licorice, and was considered to be the most suitable water regime for licorice cultivation. Plant growth under the 50–60% WC treatment was slightly higher as compared to 70–80% WC treatment, exhibiting weak water deficit promotes licorice growth, root yield and secondary metabolite production. In particular, secondary metabolites i.e., ash, glycyrrhizic acid, extractive compounds and flavonoids, tended to increase under moderate water deficit, however further drought intensification brought a sharp decline of these values. These results contribute to the development of licorice cultivation technologies in arid regions and the most important consideration is the restoration of ecological and economical functions of the dryland agricultural system.

scholarly journals Growing and Flowering in a Changing Climate: Effects of Higher Temperatures and Drought Stress on the Bee-Pollinated Species Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Charlotte Descamps ◽  
Najet Boubnan ◽  
Anne-Laure Jacquemart ◽  
Muriel Quinet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Drought and higher temperatures caused by climate change are common stress conditions affecting plant growth and development. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to stress, but plants also need to allocate their limited resources to produce floral traits and resources to attract pollinators. We investigated the physiological and floral consequences of abiotic stress during the flowering period of Impatiens glandulifera, a bee-pollinated species. Plants were exposed to three temperatures (21, 24, 27 °C) and two watering regimes (well-watered, water stress) for 3 weeks. Not all parameters measured responded in the same manner to drought and/or heat stress. Drought stress induced leaf senescence, decreasing leaf number by 15–30% depending on growth temperature. Drought also reduced photosynthetic output, while temperature rise affected stomatal conductance. The number of flowers produced dropped 40–90% in response to drought stress, while higher temperatures shortened flower life span. Both stresses affected floral traits, but flower resources diminished in response to higher temperatures, with lower nectar volume and pollen protein content. We conclude that increased temperatures and drought stress, which are becoming more frequent with climate change, can negatively affect flowering, even if plants deploy physiological resistance strategies.

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document