scholarly journals Protecting sources of urban water supply in Haiti: An institutional analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Antonio Andres Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

Abstract Water source protection is essential to ensure the provision of safe drinking water. In Haiti, and elsewhere, this is a dynamic requirement affected by population growth, not least in urban areas. In this paper, the principles of legitimacy, integration, inclusiveness, and capacity have been used to gauge and understand the institutional environment regarding water source protection for urban drinking water provision. The research was based on a review of official documents and key informant interviews. The absence of robust legislation can result in a misinterpretation of institutional responsibilities with respect to both water and land management. The legitimacy of some key institutions is questioned due to unclear legal status, particularly when they are directly appointed by central government. Some institutions have gained recognised authority as a result of their sectoral prominence but lack legal backing. Particular initiatives may foster the integration of stakeholders but, without involving all necessary sectors, agencies and levels of government, their sustainability is questionable. Technical, structural and financial institutional capacities appear limited, hampering the implementation of initiatives and their continuity, also compounded by institutional dependence on external funds and high turnover of administrators.

scholarly journals Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Tim Foster ◽  
Juliet Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Groundwater Resource ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Sustainable Services

Groundwater is widely acknowledged to be an important source of drinking water in low-income regions, and it, therefore, plays a critical role in the realization of the human right to water. However, the proportion of households using groundwater compared with other sources is rarely quantified, with national and global datasets more focused on facilities—rather than resources—used. This is a significant gap in knowledge, particularly in light of efforts to expand water services in line with the inclusive and integrated agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals. Understanding the prevalence of groundwater reliance for drinking is critical for those involved in water services planning and management, so they can better monitor and advocate for management of water resources that supports sustainable services for households. This paper contributes data that can be used to strengthen the integration of resource considerations within water service delivery and inform the work of development partners supporting this area. We approach this issue from two perspectives. Firstly, we collate data on the proportion of households using groundwater as their primary drinking water source for 10 Southeast Asian and Pacific nations, finding an average of 66% (range of 17–93% for individual countries) of households in urban areas and 60% (range of 22–95%) of households in rural areas rely on groundwater for drinking. Together, these constitute 79% of the total population across the case study countries. Secondly, we review current and emerging groundwater resource concerns within each country, using a systems thinking approach to assess how groundwater resource issues influence household water services. Findings support the case for governments and development agencies to strengthen engagement with groundwater resource management as foundational for achieving sustainable water services for all.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Planning, Designing and Managing Decentralized Drinking Water Supply System—Editorial

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Chicgoua Noubactep
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Water Provision

The growing demands for affordable and applicable technologies for decentralized safe drinking water provision have instigated technical innovations in the water filtration industry. Adsorptive filtration appears to be the most affordable, resilient, and socially acceptable solution for households and small communities worldwide. However, water filtration devices have not yet been widely implemented due to lack of awareness for the efficiency of such systems using locally available materials. Water filtration has the potential to secure universal access to safe drinking water by 2030. This special issue has elucidated the applicability, benefits, constraints, effectiveness, and limitations of metallic iron as filter material for safe drinking water provision. Tools to make rainwater a primary water source are also presented together with ways to transform existing centralized water management systems into decentralized ones (sectorization). The knowledge is applicable to a wide variety of situations on a global scale.

Drinking Water Supply

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

This chapter focuses specifically on drinking water supply, which is divided into national, state, rural, and urban areas given the multiplicity of relevant instruments. The first section focuses on rural drinking supply. It reproduces the main national-level policy instrument in this area, the National Rural Drinking Water Programme Guidelines, 2013, select state-level legislation (panchayat acts) and instruments highlighting the push for reforms and privatisation in the sector. The second section focuses on urban drinking water supply. It reproduces extracts of a national statute and select state-level legal instruments. It also reproduces legal instruments seeking to foster reforms in urban water provisioning. The third section looks at drinking water supply in specific contexts and highlights select legal instruments concerning schools, post-disaster management, and work places. The last section highlights the issue of drinking water quality and quantity standards, a crucial dimension that has not been given yet the place it deserves in legislation.

scholarly journals Analyzing rural drinking water services for district planning in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Ranu Singh ◽  
Rahul Brahmankar ◽  
J. V. R. Murty ◽  
Piyush Verma ◽  
James L. Wescoat
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Abstract India has made good progress toward meeting basic standards of access to safe drinking water, but improved planning methods are needed to prioritize different levels and types of water service needs for public investment. This paper presents a planning approach for collecting, analyzing, and mapping drinking water service data at the village, block, and district levels in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. The planning approach created a mobile application for data collection by gram sevaks at the village level. It employed ranking methods developed with district officers to prioritize villages with the greatest needs, cluster analysis to distinguish different types of needs, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping to visualize the spatial distribution of those needs. This analysis shows that there are high levels of spatial heterogeneity in water services within, as well as between, blocks but also that there are broad patterns of priorities for planning and policy purposes. These priorities include water service needs in the Western Ghats, a combination of water source and service needs in dissected plateau lands, source strengthening in the eastern plains, and local hot spots in peri-urban areas. Based on this Pune district case study, the Government of Maharashtra is testing the approach in five additional districts.

The Pollution Caused by Protection: The Unintended Consequences of the Local Governance of the Urban Drinking Water Source Protection in Tianjin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongze TAN ◽  
Jing LUO ◽  
Geir Inge ORDERUD ◽  
Yan ZHENG ◽  
Jiahua PAN
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

This paper examines how the hierarchical way of governing erodes and distorts the function of environmental policies by analyzing the unintended consequences of the governance of the urban drinking water source protection in Tianjin, a mega-city in China, as a case study. Since the 1990s, Tianjin Municipal Government and Jixian Government (China) have setup a series of local measures for environmental governance to protect Yuqiao Reservoir, which is the water source of Tianjin and its surroundings. In general, the measures fall into three categories: water management, residence management, and the waste management. The governing principle is “no use, no pollution”. However, according to the field study, unintended consequences come along: some new kinds of pollution, from both household and production, occur in this area as a result of the implementation of these measures. Through the combination of functional analysis and the unintended consequences approach, three responsible factors have been found: Firstly, the absence of local residents in the whole decision-making process leads to distrust of the government, especially at the grass-roots level. Secondly, the “no use, no pollution” logic vastly reduces the reservoir’s utility and significance to the local residents, which leads to “no use, no protection”. Thirdly, the collapse of the traditional rules of mutual supervision also contributes to the deterioration. In conclusion, the typically hierarchical way of governing in this area leads to inevitable unintended consequences. This paper starts by summarizing relevant literature on local protective governance of the environment, especially in China, focusing on the consequences and their causes, in relation to research done in the area of unintended consequences of purposive social action. Then, following the empirical objects and the data collection methods, we present the case study in Yuqiao reserve, Tianjin, China, and analyze the unintended consequences. Moving to the result, the three reasons for the occurrence of the situation are shown. The last part is a discussion of the relevance of the findings in relation to the current urban governance study in China, and some practical suggestions are also given to point out a pathway for work in the next steps.

scholarly journals SANITASI DAN AIR MINUM DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN DI PROVINSI BENGKULU (ANALISIS DATA POTENSI DESA 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Tri Noviyanti Nurzanah ◽  
Zakianis Zakianis ◽  
Bambang Wispriyono ◽  
Athena Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Dug Well

ABSTRACT   Bengkulu Province is the fourth-lowest province in Indonesia for sanitation facilities and drinking water availability. The difference in socioeconomic conditions and very low access to sanitation in Bengkulu Province poses a major challenge to ensuring water and sanitation services for all, so as to attempt to control a large number of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of sanitation and drinking water between urban and rural areas in Bengkulu Province. Data analyzed were Village Potential data (PODES) in 2018 and the sample were 148 villages. Research results show that sanitation facilities and the availability of clean water in urban areas are better than in rural areas. In rural areas the majority of sewage is unsanitary or without latrines/open defecation, garbage disposal is carried out by dumping it into the pit of natural soil or being burnt, the sewage is still open, the water source is still a dug well as a source of clean water. In conclusion, there are still gaps in terms of access to sanitation in rural areas and urban safe drinking water. An evaluation is needed to increase community access to sanitation in rural areas and drinking water in cities.   Keywords: Saniation, drinking water, urban areas, rural areas     ABSTRAK   Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan sarana sanitasi dan ketersediaan air minum ke empat terendah di Indonesia. Perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan akses sanitasi yang sangat rendah di Provinsi Bengkulu menimbulkan tantangan besar untuk memastikan layanan air dan sanitasi bagi semua, sehingga membantu mengendalikan sejumlah besar penyakit menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran sanitasi dan air minum antara wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Data yang dianalisis adalah data Potensi Desa (PODES) tahun 2018 dengan unit analisis desa. Jumlah sampel sebesar 148 desa di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sarana sanitasi dan ketersediaan air bersih di wilayah perkotaan lebih baik daripada di wilayah perdesaan.  Di wilayah perdesaan mayoritas pembuangan tinja tidak saniter atau tanpa jamban/buang air besar sembarangan, pembuangan sampah dilakukan sdengan membuang ke dalam lubang tanah atau dibakar, saluran pembuangan air limbah masih terbuka, dan sumber air adalah  sumur gali sebagai sumber air bersih. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam hal akses sanitasi dan air minum antara di perdesaan dan  perkotaan. Perlu adanya evaluasi peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap sanitasi di pedesaan dan air minum di perkotaan.   Kata kunci: Sanitasi, air minum, perkotaan, pedesaan

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