scholarly journals Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Tim Foster ◽  
Juliet Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Groundwater Resource ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Sustainable Services

Groundwater is widely acknowledged to be an important source of drinking water in low-income regions, and it, therefore, plays a critical role in the realization of the human right to water. However, the proportion of households using groundwater compared with other sources is rarely quantified, with national and global datasets more focused on facilities—rather than resources—used. This is a significant gap in knowledge, particularly in light of efforts to expand water services in line with the inclusive and integrated agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals. Understanding the prevalence of groundwater reliance for drinking is critical for those involved in water services planning and management, so they can better monitor and advocate for management of water resources that supports sustainable services for households. This paper contributes data that can be used to strengthen the integration of resource considerations within water service delivery and inform the work of development partners supporting this area. We approach this issue from two perspectives. Firstly, we collate data on the proportion of households using groundwater as their primary drinking water source for 10 Southeast Asian and Pacific nations, finding an average of 66% (range of 17–93% for individual countries) of households in urban areas and 60% (range of 22–95%) of households in rural areas rely on groundwater for drinking. Together, these constitute 79% of the total population across the case study countries. Secondly, we review current and emerging groundwater resource concerns within each country, using a systems thinking approach to assess how groundwater resource issues influence household water services. Findings support the case for governments and development agencies to strengthen engagement with groundwater resource management as foundational for achieving sustainable water services for all.

scholarly journals Engineering hydrology of Kodku Khola Basin, Lalitpur, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Laxmi Devi Maharjan ◽  
Vishnu Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Frequency Maximum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Not only in rural areas but also in urban areas, vast number of people lack access to safe drinking water. The city of Lalitpur is in severe deficit of drinking water for its population. Hydrological study of the Kodkhu Khola Basin near the Lalitpur City was carried out in pre-feasibility level. Rainfall data were analysed to estimate future rainfall trend that would determine the rainfall intensity, frequency, maximum and minimum rainfalls. The discharge of the river was estimated by float method. About 70% of flow in the river occurred in monsoon from June to September. The mean yearly rainfall of ten years of record was 1238 mm in the Khumaltar Station and 1494 mm in the Godawari Station. The intensity of the maximum rainfall in a day of each of ten years fell in the heavy category and most of the years fell in the normal year category. Maximum rainfall of 100 year's recurrence interval will have magnitude of 1595 mm. The discharge ranged from 17.35 m3/s to 56.94 m3/s in the upstream reaches. The amount of rainfall and discharge is thought to be sufficient for maintaining the reservoir for drinking water supply in Lalitpur city and the Kodku Khola is appreciable for the drinking water source.   doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1426 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 107-116

Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4126-4129
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors for bacteriological contamination in rural drinking water wells in Samson Cree Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Fraser Mah ◽  
Travis Hnidan ◽  
Evan Davies ◽  
Ania Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Bacteriological Contamination

Bacteriological contamination of drinking water wells poses a challenge to many rural areas of First Nations communities in Alberta that rely on wells as the primary drinking water source for large proportions of their populations. Here we reviewed available historical data for the Samson Cree Nation near Maskwacis, Alberta (formerly Hobbema), to identify linkages between various environmental and historical factors and the risk of contamination by Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Increased bacterial counts were found to be associated with a peak in total precipitation and surface water flow following a two to four month lag period. Wells installed by contractors operating at an earlier period in time were also found to be at greater risk than more recent installations. These findings can be used to better characterize the risk of contamination, which will assist in tailoring remedial actions to address chronic or recurring bacteriological presence in wells.

scholarly journals Consumption of safe drinking water in Pakistan: its dimensions and determinants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
At Home

Abstract. Access to clean and safe drinking water is a basic human right. Poor quality of drinking water is directly associated with various waterborne diseases. The present study has attempted to analyze the household preferences for drinking water sources and the adoption of water purifying methods at home in Pakistan by using the household data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. It has been found that people living in rural areas, headed by aged ones and having large family sizes are significantly less likely to use safe drinking water sources and households having media exposure, education, women empowerment in household purchases and belonging to the rich segment of society are more likely to use safe drinking water source. Similarly, households belonging to urban areas, having a higher level of awareness (through education and media), belonging to wealthy families, women enjoying a higher level of empowerment and using piped water are more likely to adopt water-purifying methods at home. However, households using water from tube wells, wells, and boreholes and having higher family sizes are less likely to adopt water purifying methods at home.

scholarly journals Analyzing rural drinking water services for district planning in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Ranu Singh ◽  
Rahul Brahmankar ◽  
J. V. R. Murty ◽  
Piyush Verma ◽  
James L. Wescoat
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Abstract India has made good progress toward meeting basic standards of access to safe drinking water, but improved planning methods are needed to prioritize different levels and types of water service needs for public investment. This paper presents a planning approach for collecting, analyzing, and mapping drinking water service data at the village, block, and district levels in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. The planning approach created a mobile application for data collection by gram sevaks at the village level. It employed ranking methods developed with district officers to prioritize villages with the greatest needs, cluster analysis to distinguish different types of needs, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping to visualize the spatial distribution of those needs. This analysis shows that there are high levels of spatial heterogeneity in water services within, as well as between, blocks but also that there are broad patterns of priorities for planning and policy purposes. These priorities include water service needs in the Western Ghats, a combination of water source and service needs in dissected plateau lands, source strengthening in the eastern plains, and local hot spots in peri-urban areas. Based on this Pune district case study, the Government of Maharashtra is testing the approach in five additional districts.

scholarly journals SDG Indicator 6.1.1 : Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services (2015)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Drinking water Human settlements SDGs

scholarly journals SANITASI DAN AIR MINUM DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN DI PROVINSI BENGKULU (ANALISIS DATA POTENSI DESA 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Tri Noviyanti Nurzanah ◽  
Zakianis Zakianis ◽  
Bambang Wispriyono ◽  
Athena Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Dug Well

ABSTRACT   Bengkulu Province is the fourth-lowest province in Indonesia for sanitation facilities and drinking water availability. The difference in socioeconomic conditions and very low access to sanitation in Bengkulu Province poses a major challenge to ensuring water and sanitation services for all, so as to attempt to control a large number of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of sanitation and drinking water between urban and rural areas in Bengkulu Province. Data analyzed were Village Potential data (PODES) in 2018 and the sample were 148 villages. Research results show that sanitation facilities and the availability of clean water in urban areas are better than in rural areas. In rural areas the majority of sewage is unsanitary or without latrines/open defecation, garbage disposal is carried out by dumping it into the pit of natural soil or being burnt, the sewage is still open, the water source is still a dug well as a source of clean water. In conclusion, there are still gaps in terms of access to sanitation in rural areas and urban safe drinking water. An evaluation is needed to increase community access to sanitation in rural areas and drinking water in cities.   Keywords: Saniation, drinking water, urban areas, rural areas     ABSTRAK   Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan sarana sanitasi dan ketersediaan air minum ke empat terendah di Indonesia. Perbedaan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan akses sanitasi yang sangat rendah di Provinsi Bengkulu menimbulkan tantangan besar untuk memastikan layanan air dan sanitasi bagi semua, sehingga membantu mengendalikan sejumlah besar penyakit menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran sanitasi dan air minum antara wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Data yang dianalisis adalah data Potensi Desa (PODES) tahun 2018 dengan unit analisis desa. Jumlah sampel sebesar 148 desa di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan di Provinsi Bengkulu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sarana sanitasi dan ketersediaan air bersih di wilayah perkotaan lebih baik daripada di wilayah perdesaan.  Di wilayah perdesaan mayoritas pembuangan tinja tidak saniter atau tanpa jamban/buang air besar sembarangan, pembuangan sampah dilakukan sdengan membuang ke dalam lubang tanah atau dibakar, saluran pembuangan air limbah masih terbuka, dan sumber air adalah  sumur gali sebagai sumber air bersih. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam hal akses sanitasi dan air minum antara di perdesaan dan  perkotaan. Perlu adanya evaluasi peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap sanitasi di pedesaan dan air minum di perkotaan.   Kata kunci: Sanitasi, air minum, perkotaan, pedesaan

scholarly journals Design of Solar Water Pasteurization System with Slow Sand Filtration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Pratik Raj Khadka ◽  
Bibek Gautam ◽  
Nayan Acharya ◽  
Basanta Bhattarai ◽  
Subham Kandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Filtration Unit

Solar water pasteurization system with slow sand filtration works by integration of filtration unit and pasteurization unit. The system can be utilized in rural as well as the urban areas of the country to produce reliable drinking water source. The filtration unit has layers of gravels and sand, and the pasteurization unit works by use of solar collector utilizing solar energy. The final output water is drinkable by treatment of water pathogens through the integrated units. The use of two systems: Pasteurization unit and Filtration unit independently checks and corrects the flaw of the other to produce clean and pure drinking water. The output water from the integrated system is tested and found to have reduced TDS from 159 mg/l to 137 mg/l, E. coli count from 6 CFU/100ml to 0 CFU/100ml and Total coliform count from 52 CFU/100ml to 0 CFU/100ml. This hybrid system uses solar energy for water pasteurization so it can be utilized effectively for drinking water purposes.

scholarly journals Accounting for drinking water quality in measuring multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243921
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Azeze Ambel ◽  
Harriet Kasidi Mugera ◽  
Robert E. S. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

The Multidimensional Poverty Index is used increasingly to measure poverty in developing countries. The index is constructed using selected indicators that cover health, education, and living standards dimensions. The accuracy of this tool, however, depends on how each indicator is measured. This study explores the effect of accounting for water quality in multidimensional poverty measurement. Access to drinking water is traditionally measured by water source types. The study uses a more comprehensive measure, access to safely managed drinking water services, which are free from E. coli contamination, available when needed and accessible on premises in line with Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1. The study finds that the new measure increases national multidimensional headcount poverty by 5–13 percentage points, which would mean that 5–13 million more people are multidimensionally poor. It also increases the poverty level in urban areas to a greater extent than in rural areas. The finding is robust to changes in water contamination risk levels and Multidimensional Poverty Index aggregation approaches and weighting structures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document