scholarly journals Development and application of biogas project for domestic sewage treatment in rural China: opportunities and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikun Cheng ◽  
Mingyue Zhao ◽  
Heinz-Peter Mang ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhou ◽  
Zifu Li
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract The biogas project for domestic sewage treatment (BPDST) is considered a promising facility for wastewater management in rural areas of China. This paper explores previous experimental works, cost analysis, and BPDST structure and design based on Chinese literature. Opportunities for developing decentralized or neighborhood-based BPDSTs include fulfilling Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the water pollution situation and deficiency of wastewater treatment facilities, the advantages of BPDSTs compared with centralized sewage plant, government support and policy drive for rural wastewater treatment, and reuse demand for resources. Meanwhile, challenges faced are emphasized as follows: uncertain responsibility for BPDSTs under different governmental departments restricts BPDST development and should be specified; uncertain effluent quality due to low efficiency of nutrient removal requires aerobic post-treatment to some extent; rural environmental awareness is still low and should be heightened; more funds should be invested in R&D for improvement of technology innovation; more reuse and resource recovery elements should be considered during implementation; follow-up services are lacking and should be improved; and BPDST maintenance should be trained. This paper could provide valuable reference for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Water and Sewage Management Issues in Rural Poland

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Water and sewage management in Poland has systematically been transformed in terms of quality and quantity since the 1990s. Currently, the most important problem in this matter is posed by areas where buildings are spread out across rural areas. The present work aims to analyse the process of changes and the current state of water and sewage management in rural areas of Poland. The author intended to present the issues in their broader context, paying attention to local specificity as well as natural and economic conditions. The analysis led to the conclusion that there have been significant positive changes in water and sewage infrastructure in rural Poland. A several-fold increase in the length of sewage and water supply networks and number of sewage treatment plants was identified. There has been an increase in the use of water and treated sewage, while raw sewage has been minimised. Tap-water quality and wastewater treatment standards have improved. At the same time, areas requiring further improvement—primarily wastewater management—were indicated. It was identified that having only 42% of the rural population connected to a collective sewerage system is unsatisfactory. All the more so, in light of the fact that more than twice as many consumers are connected to the water supply network (85%). The major ecological threat that closed-system septic sewage tanks pose is highlighted. It is pointed out that they are mainly being replaced by household wastewater treatment systems with ineffective filtering drainage. Furthermore, recommendations were also made for the future development of selected aspects of water and sewage management, including the legal and the political.

Survey of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Systems of Songjiang District in Shanghai, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Huang ◽  
Yao Guang Guo ◽  
Xiao Yi Lou ◽  
Xue Wu Yuan ◽  
Shuang Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Shanghai City

Due to the relatively unprogressive economic and social development of Songjiang rural areas of Shanghai city in China, the degree of rural domestic sewage treatment was relatively weak and hysteretic. The rural sewage treatment systems of Songjiang district were investigated through field survey. Finally, the systems of soil infiltration-constructed wetland and combinatorial biofilter, with obvious advantages, were proposed to popularize in Songjiang rural areas more suitably.

scholarly journals Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a local approach, the state of supply of rural areas in a rural district with household wastewater management systems, with the focus on home wastewater treatment plants. The study covered the rural areas of the district of Olsztyn. The data, which were acquired from the Bank of Local Data, were processed through basic mathematical transformations and statistical measures. The structure and intensity indices were calculated per 1,000 residents. Large differences were found in the access to linear infrastructure and to individual systems of wastewater discharge. The results showed a constant increase in the number of home wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks due to the constant influx of people to villages lying around the town of Olsztyn. In contrast to studies conducted on a regional scale, no decrease in the number of septic tanks was observed correlated with the growing number of home wastewater treatment plants. A possible reason can be the specific environmental conditions and protection of inland waters, which limit possible locations of home wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Tecnologias descentralizadas apropriadas para tratamento de esgoto doméstico em áreas rurais

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e00995
Author(s):  
Mariza Silva Bitarães Dias ◽  
Alex Cardoso Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Water Courses

A ausência de sistemas de tratamento de esgoto doméstico é uma das principais causas de insalubridade e degradação ambiental, além de ser uma forte ameaça à segurança alimentar das famílias rurais brasileiras. O estudo teve como objetivo fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de um programa de implantação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico na área da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Mato, situado na comunidade rural São Braz, Simonésia, Minas Gerais. Foi investigada a situação do abastecimento de água e do esgotamento sanitário de 67 domicílios. Foi encontrado um cenário preocupante em relação à disposição final do esgoto doméstico, sendo que 96% dos domicílios estão em situação inadequada - disposição in natura em cursos d’água ou fossas rudimentares. Foram propostas alternativas adequadas para o tratamento do esgoto doméstico de acordo com as necessidades e condições locais da área de estudo. As alternativas escolhidas são tecnologias sociais e ecológicas com replicação e já implantadas em outras localidades rurais. Palavras-chave: Águas residuárias. Desenvolvimento rural. Bacia hidrográfica. Decentralized technologies appropriate for treating domestic sewage in rural areas: case study for a rural community in Simonesia - Minas Gerais Abstract The absence of domestic sewage treatment systems is one of the main causes of unhealthy and environmental degradation, in addition to being a strong threat to the food security of Brazilian rural families. The study aimed to provide subsidies for the elaboration of a program for the implementation of domestic sewage treatment in the area of the watershed of the Córrego do Mato, located in the rural community of São Braz, Simonésia, Minas Gerais. The situation of water supply and sanitation for 67 households was investigated. A worrying scenario was found in relation to the final disposal of domestic sewage, with 96 % of households being in an inadequate situation - in natura disposal in water courses or rudimentary cesspits. Appropriate alternatives have been proposed for the treatment of domestic sewage according to the needs and local conditions of the study area. The alternatives chosen are social and ecological technologies with replication and already implemented in other rural locations. Keywords: Wastewater. Rural development. Hydrographic basin.

Consumer managed co-operative - a solution for progressing wastewater management in rural areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
H. Mattila ◽  
E. Santala ◽  
J. Aho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
The Moment

In Finland the question of appropriate wastewater treatment in rural areas has become very prominent during the last years. The new Environmental Protection Act stipulates that wastewaters must be treated to the extent that they cannot have a negative impact on nature. The Ministry of the Environment is currently preparing a decree specifying the requirements. The draft of the decree proposes that on-site treatment units should decrease the BOD load by 90, total phosphorus load by 85 and total nitrogen load by 40 per cent. To meet the new requirements, the old systems that include septic tanks only need more efficient wastewater treatment methods. Whatever technical solution is selected, the house owner must pay for it. At the moment, even the septic tanks are emptied and maintained irregularly. More sophisticated wastewater treatment methods definitely need more maintenance, which cannot be made the sole duty of the house owners. One potential organisational alternative for managing wastewater treatment in rural areas is the co-operative. Finland has one such pioneering co-operative formed for on-site sanitation. Varsinais-Suomi Water Services Co-operative provides the house owner with professional assistance in wastewater treatment at a reasonable cost. Suvisaari Water Services Co-operative is another new organisation selling sewerage services to its members. But its technology is different: this co-operative operates an LPS-sewerage system instead of on-site treatment.

scholarly journals Why the Uncertain Term Occurs in the Farmland Lease Market: Evidence from Rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Zou ◽  
Biliang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Land Loss ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Informal Contracts ◽  
Low Efficiency

Urbanization and aging of the agricultural population lead to the insufficient supply of agricultural labor and land being idle in rural China, calling for the farmland lease market to maintain sustainable and efficient use of farmland. However, rural households tend to agree on an uncertain term for farmland leasing in/out, which leads to low efficiency and land loss in agriculture. Therefore, using the survey data collected from 2704 rural households and a logistic regression model, we examine the effects of risk faced by the rural households on the likelihood of the uncertain term for farmland leasing. Results reveal that a large share of labor with low education and high income increase the likelihood of an uncertain term for farmland leasing out activities, while a high disaster frequency, a high education of household and a high share of agricultural income increase the probability of an uncertain term for farmland leasing in activities. Additionally, leasing farmland to/from relatives or neighbors, informal contracts, low rent and the lack of pension insurance also increase the likelihood of the uncertain term for farmland leasing out/in activities. Findings suggest that more attention should be paid to education, agricultural insurance and social security system in rural areas.

Feasibility of contact aeration method for small-scale domestic wastewater treatment system in rural China

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuyama ◽  
M. Mizuochi ◽  
H. Koyanagi ◽  
T. Wako
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

This study examines the feasibility of the contact aeration method for utilisation in small-scale domestic wastewater treatment facilities in various rural areas of China, where the national government starts to address the water pollution issue. Three pilot facilities using the contact aeration method with different capacities were constructed, operated and monitored in Chongqing city and Jiangsu province. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the constructed facilities, the quality of treated wastewater and the operational cost were monitored. Results obtained from the monitoring showed that BOD and COD effluent concentrations achieved quality targets in all facilities. As for the other pollutants, quality targets were met for most of the period. Operational costs of facilities bettered those set for the facility in the town of Baiyang and new village of Zhaojia, but exceeded them for the facility in the village of Dongbei. The main reasons for the differences were the electricity billing system and operational system for each facility. In order to promote small-scale aeration-based domestic wastewater treatment plants in rural China in the future, the issue of what constitutes efficient facility maintenance first needs to be addressed.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF CENTRALIZED WASTEWATER SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN SMALL LENGKANG ISLAND, BATAM CITY, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Wastewater Collection

One of the small islands within the Indonesia-Singapore border is Lengkang Island. Wastewater collection infrastructure services on Lengkang Island need to be assessed to improve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where access to wastewater services must reach 100%. The purpose of this study is to determine the existing conditions of wastewater management and to plan a centralized wastewater sewerage system on Lengkang Island involving the community. The existing condition shows that all residents channel wastewater into the sea. Only a few houses have toilets, semi-permanent houses on land. Non-permanent houses built on the sea do not have latrines, where stools are dumped directly into the sea. Tripikon-S is one way to overcome the problem of impermanent homes that do not have latrines. Latrine does not provide a solution to the effects of eutropication. Centralized wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment is one way to overcome this. The results of the planning of wastewater collection systems using PVC pipes mentioned the pipe diameter between 32 mm - 60 mm, with a speed of 0.3 m/sec -1.31 m/sec. With this centralized wastewater sewerage system infrastructure, community participation is expected to increase environmentally friendly development.

scholarly journals Planning the optimal solution for wastewater management in rural areas - case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka ◽  
Iwona Klosok-Bazan ◽  
Andrea G. Capodaglio ◽  
Joanna Ploskonka
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Water management and associated wastewater management is an inseparable element of life and development of modern societies. Collection and treatment of wastewater has a significant impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global level. It is therefore necessary to proceed to activities that ensure proper wastewater management, especially in rural and low-density areas, where it is necessary to search for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One of the solution for wastewater treatment from houses without access to sewerage collection system is the construction of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Construction of on-site wastewater treatment plant poses a number of challenges for municipalities and potential investors and has been discussed by many. Aim of this paper is to draw the current status and perspectives of on-site wastewater treatment systems in Poland, with focus on selected case study from rural areas. The paper presents a way to solve the problem of wastewater management in the municipality of Pietrowice Wielkie using local biological wastewater treatment plants. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the system proposed by the municipality.

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