Water safety planning: adapting the existing approach to community-managed systems in rural Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Barrington ◽  
Kathryn Fuller ◽  
Andrew McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Community Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rural Nepal

Water Safety Plans (WSPs) improve the quality and secure the quantity of drinking water supplies, and hence improve public health outcomes. In developing countries such as Nepal, thousands of residents die each year as a result of poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and WSPs show great promise for improving both health and livelihoods. The Nepali Non-Governmental Organisation Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH) has been working in partnership with Engineers Without Borders Australia and WaterAid Nepal to develop a WSP methodology suited to rural, community-managed water supply systems. Three pilot projects were undertaken incorporating community-based hazard management into the standard World Health Organization and Nepali Department of Water Supply and Sewerage WSP approaches. The successes and challenges of these pilots were assessed, and it was determined that community education, behaviour change, and the distribution of simplified WSP documentation to households and managers were essential to implementing successful WSPs within this context. This new WSP methodology is currently being mainstreamed throughout all of NEWAH's WASH projects in rural Nepal, as well as being shared with the wider Nepali WASH sector.

scholarly journals Water safety plans: bridges and barriers to implementation in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urooj Quezon Amjad ◽  
Jeanne Luh ◽  
Rachel Baum ◽  
Jamie Bartram
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Health Organization

First developed by the World Health Organization, and now used in several countries, water safety plans (WSPs) are a multi-step, preventive process for managing drinking water hazards. While the beneficial impacts of WSPs have been documented in diverse countries, how to successfully implement WSPs in the United States remains a challenge. We examine the willingness and ability of water utility leaders to implement WSPs in the US state of North Carolina. Our findings show that water utilities have more of a reactive than preventive organizational culture, that implementation requires prioritization of time and resources, perceived comparative advantage to other hazard management plans, leadership in implementation, and identification of how WSPs can be embedded in existing work practices. Future research could focus on whether WSP implementation provides benefits such as decreases in operational costs, and improved organization of records and communication.

Identification, assessment, and control of hazards in water supply: experiences from Water Safety Plan implementations in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Mälzer ◽  
N. Staben ◽  
A. Hein ◽  
W. Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for Water Safety Plans (WSP), a Technical Risk Management was developed, which considers standard demands in drinking water treatment in Germany. It was already implemented at several drinking water treatment plants of different size and treatment processes in Germany. Hazards affecting water quality, continuity, and the reliability of supply from catchment to treatment and distribution could be identified by a systematic approach, and suitable control measures were defined. Experiences are presented by detailed examples covering methods, practical consequences, and further outcomes. The method and the benefits for the water suppliers are discussed and an outlook on the future role of WSPs in German water supply is given.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Drinking Water Safety Planning for West Bengal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Supply Systems

Water safety planning is considered an international best practice for assessing and managing public health risks from drinking water supply systems. Under the West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project and in close collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Asian Development Bank assisted in developing these water safety planning guidelines for the state of West Bengal. This document offers practical guidance for taking a water safety planning approach to bulk water supply systems, particularly in developing and implementing the stages of rural drinking water delivery service schemes in India and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Water safety planning for small water supply systems: the framework and control measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace O. Oluwasanya ◽  
Richard C. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract A water safety plan (WSP) is a preventive comprehensive risk assessment and management approach to ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply from source to tap for public health protection. The concept was introduced in the last decade in international guidance documents and has been applied widely across a varied range of water supply systems, particularly, the public water utilities and to a lesser extent towards small systems. Mainstreaming water safety intervention for small systems however, would ensure safe household water to a wider population, alleviate poverty and hunger through water for use in support of livelihood activities, and help towards achieving the sustainable development goals. Self-supply hand-dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria, were assessed using the step-by-step World Health Organization WSP model, mainly from the relevant system assessment to operational monitoring and management procedures. This paper reviewed the methodology of water safety planning and flagged the issue of ‘who’ conducts WSP for small systems. The paper also evaluated major control measures critical to self-supply and suggested an apt WS planning model for the systems. The WSP framework for self-supply systems incorporated an institutional aspect for WSP coordination.

scholarly journals Security management of water supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The main aim of this work is to present operational problems concerning the safety of the water supply and the procedures for risk management systems functioning public water supply (CWSS) and including methods of hazard identification and risk assessment. Developed a problem analysis and risk assessment, including procedures called. WSP, which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a tool for comprehensive security management of water supply from source to consumer. Water safety plan is a key element of the strategy for prevention of adverse events in CWSS.

scholarly journals Development and implementation of water safety plans for groundwater resources in the southernmost city of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
Kazhal Masroor ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
Mitra Gholami ◽  
Farzad Fanaei ◽  
Hossein Arfaeinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe transfer of water from the source to the consumption point is always associated with the possibility of contamination in any of its various components. To resolve this problem, the World Health Organization has considered a water safety plan. The purpose of this study is to implement water safety plan in the water supply system of Bukan city. This study was performed on Bukan’s water supply system in 2019–20 using a software to guarantee the quality of the water safety plan and the WHO and IWA guidelines. The software checklists were prepared and after confirming the validity of the translation and its facial and content validity, it was completed based on the records of the Water and Sewerage Company and interviews with experts. Out of a total of 440 points of full-application of the program and 392 points for the reviewed phases, 183.6 points were acquired and 43.7% of WSP-coordinated implementation was observed. The highest percentage of WSP-coordinated implementation (75.2%) was assigned to the validation stage with the highest point, and the support program stage had the lowest percentage of performance (1.1%). Among the major components of the water supply system, the final consumption point received the most attention from the system. Given the lifespan of the introduction and use of WSP in the world, it was expected that better results would be obtained from evaluating the implementation and progress of this approach in Bukan’s water supply system. However, the implementation rate of this program in this city compared to other cities in Iran, showed that according to the implementation time (one year), the obtained results are relatively convincing and good and the water supply system has a moderate level of safety.

scholarly journals Establishing Sustainable Development Goal Baselines for Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bain ◽  
Richard Johnston ◽  
Francesco Mitis ◽  
Christie Chatterley ◽  
Tom Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), through the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), are responsible for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The SDGs represent a fundamental shift in household WASH monitoring with a new focus on service levels and the incorporation of hygiene. This article reflects on the process of establishing SDG baselines and the methods used to generate national, regional and global estimates for the new household WASH indicators. The JMP 2017 update drew on over 3000 national data sources, primarily household surveys (n = 1443), censuses (n = 309) and administrative data (n = 1494). Whereas most countries could generate estimates for basic drinking water and basic sanitation, fewer countries could report on basic handwashing facilities, water quality and the disposal of waste from onsite sanitation. Based on data for 96 and 84 countries, respectively, the JMP estimates that globally 2.1 billion (29%) people lacked safely managed drinking water services and 4.5 billion (61%) lacked safely managed sanitation services in 2015. The expanded JMP inequalities database also finds substantial disparities by wealth and sub-national regions. The SDG baselines for household WASH reveal the scale of the challenge associated with achieving universal safely managed services and the substantial acceleration needed in many countries to achieve even basic services for everyone by 2030. Many countries have begun to localise the global SDG targets and are investing in data collection to address the SDG data gaps, whether through the integration of new elements in household surveys or strengthening collection and reporting of information through administrative and regulatory systems.

scholarly journals A Facile Colorimetric Method For Ultra-Rapid And Sensitive Detection of Copper Ions In Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Hualin Chen ◽  
He Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract It is of great meaning to develop a facile, reliable and sensitive method to detect copper ions in water. In the study, a facile method has been developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Cu2+. An interesting phenomenon has been observed that 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) ethanol solution can be extremely fast passed from colorless to yellow once Cu2+ ions are added. It easily occurs to us that Cu2+ can be quantitatively determined via the absorbance at 904 nm of the color changed TMB solution. More importantly, some specific anions (Cl- , Br- ) can significantly enhance the absorption intensity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, this method exhibits a good linear response range for Cu2+ from 0.5 to 100 μM, with the detection limit of 93 nM. Moreover, the possible detection principle has been explored. It is worth mentioning that the color change can be clearly observed by naked eyes for the detection of 1 μM Cu2+, which is far below the threshold limit of Cu2+ in drinking water suggested by World Health Organization. It means that this method possess great promise for on-site Cu2+ detection.

scholarly journals Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Linkages with Stunting in Rural Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Shika Kwami ◽  
Samuel Godfrey ◽  
Hippolyte Gavilan ◽  
Monica Lakhanpaul ◽  
Priti Parikh
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Integrated Program

Stunting is a global burden affecting nearly 160 million children younger than five years of age. Whilst the linkages between nutrition and stunting are well recognized, there is a need to explore environmental factors such as water and sanitation, which may influence feeding practices and result in potential infection pathways. This paper explores the linkages between stunting and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors in Ethiopia, which is a relatively understudied context. The research draws upon baseline data for children under the age of five from 3200 households across four regions in Ethiopia as part of a wider study and integrated program led by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Using World Health Organization (WHO) z-scoring, the average stunting rate in the sample is 47.5%. This paper also takes into account demographic and social behavioural factors such as the age, gender of children, and gender of the primary caregiver, in addition to handwashing behaviour and drinking water facilities. The evidence recommends efforts to improve handwashing behaviour for mothers and children with a focus on access to clean water. Higher stunting rates with an increase in the age of children highlight the need for continued interventions, as efforts to improve nutrition and WASH behaviours are most effective early on in promoting long-term health outcomes for children.

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