Exploring the negative space: evaluating reasons for the failure of pro-poor targeting in urban sanitation projects

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Norman ◽  
Steve Pedley
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Household Level ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Major Donor ◽  
Independent Assessment ◽  
Better Than

In many types of development project, direct provision of benefit to ‘the poor’ is a central goal. But how effectively is pro-poorness achieved? We report an independent ex-post evaluation of the pro-poorness of the World Bank-financed Programme d'assainissement des quartiers périurbains de Dakar (PAQPUD) sewerage project in Dakar, Senegal; we also review ex-post evaluations of previous donor-funded sewerage projects in African cities. We conclude that Dakar was a questionable location for major donor funding, given that this city's sanitation status is already much better than that of most African cities. If we accept the location, the Dakar PAQPUD project was more genuinely pro-poor in intention than most similar previous projects; however, many difficulties arose at implementation, and within the intervention areas, many of the poorest households did not benefit. In view of these results and our review findings, we argue that planners need to pay greater attention to household-level targeting: i.e. to ensuring that the poorest households will actually connect to the system. There is also a clear need for independent assessment of pro-poorness at ex-post evaluation. It is important to evaluate outcome through consultation not only with beneficiaries, but also with non-beneficiaries within the project's universe of intervention, and to investigate why non-beneficiaries have not benefited.

A1. World Bank, ““Stagnation or Revival? Israeli Disengagement and Palestinian Economic Prospects,““ New York, 1 December 2004 (excerpts).

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Full Report ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Palestinian Economy ◽  
International Donors ◽  
Major Donor

The report, consisting of a forty-two-page overview and three technical reports, seeks to analyze what would be needed to rescue the Palestinian economy on the brink of disintegration ““under the sustained pressures of conflict and Israeli closure policies.”” Prepared for the international donors' conference held in Oslo on 8 December 2004, the report concludes that while major additional donor funding is needed, such aid cannot be effective unless the parties themselves take the steps necessary to repair the economy. In line with this recommendation, the donors' meeting requested that the World Bank establish measures to assess progress, with a major donor conference to be convened if credible steps are taken toward rolling back restrictions and improving security. The excerpts below are from the section ““Disengagement Plus: Israel's Proposals for Easing Closure”” and the final summary section, ““How to Turn the Corner.”” Footnotes have been omitted for reasons of space. The full report is available online at web.worldbank.org.

Backtesting Stochastic Mortality Models: An Ex-Post Evaluation of Multi-Period Ahead-Density Forecasts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dowd ◽  
Andrew J. G. Cairns ◽  
David P. Blake ◽  
Guy Coughlan ◽  
David Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Mortality ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Stochastic Mortality Models ◽  
Mortality Models ◽  
Density Forecasts

scholarly journals A Cultural Heritage Low Entropy Enhancement Approach: An Ex Post Evaluation of Creative Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Maria Cerreta ◽  
Gaia Daldanise ◽  
Eleonora Giovene di Girasole ◽  
Carmelo Maria Torre
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Landscape Heritage ◽  
Low Entropy ◽  
New Strategies

According to the current European and Italian scenario related to urban regeneration, cultural and landscape heritage valorization is being enhanced by the activation of innovative processes and new emerging approaches. These involve the development of methodologies and tools that can address decision-making processes based on creative practices consistent with a concept named “low-entropy economy” in this paper. The low-entropy economy represents an economic approach based on the minimization of physical urban transformation and the enhancement of the existing heritage. In this perspective, the research aims to develop the Cultural Heritage Low Entropy Enhancement (CHLEE) approach by exploring how some frugal experiences have promoted cultural heritage enhancement and related complex values through a program of temporary uses and activities able to produce new values, where the human experience is essential. A crucial role is represented by the heterogeneity of creative practices that contribute to identifying and implementing innovative management and governance models. The analysis of creative practices, based upon the ex post evaluation of some Italian case studies across the PROMETHEE-GAIA multicriteria method, is able to show how these experiences build innovation ecosystems and improve the ex ante evaluation for new strategies and policies, underlining strengths, weaknesses, and milestones that shape creative experiences as drivers of urban competitiveness.

Better Regulation – An Ongoing Journey

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Chase ◽  
Adam Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Guidance Needs ◽  
Key Aspects

The Commission's new Better Regulation package represents a step forward in the European Union’s decade–long journey to bringing coherence and rationality to its legislative and regulatory process. But as the Communication on the package itself suggests, the journey is far from over.The Communication consistently emphasizes the key aspects of good regulation: quality over quantity; taking time to get proposals right; evidence–based decision making; open and continuous consultation to gather evidence from all stakeholders; rigorous impact assessments and cost–benefit analysis; applying these tools to regulatory measures as well as legislation; and implementing a robust ex–post evaluation program. It is important as well that the Secretariat General published unified and detailed guidance for Commission officials on how each step of the regulatory process should work, with a “tool–box” to elaborate further on these steps.All of this is good. Yet in some areas, the Commission misses opportunities to go farther down the good governance road, and in others the guidance needs to be made much more explicit.

scholarly journals Incorporating Blue Bonds as a funding alternative for a sustainable development project

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Fareis Althalet ◽  
Tira Siya Fajar Rahayu ◽  
Hera Hera ◽  
Ayu Fil Akhirati ◽  
Pingki Pingki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Development Project ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
International Media ◽  
Fisheries Governance ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Water Pollution Management ◽  
The Government

This study aims to examine Blue Bonds as a guarantee issued by the issuer (government and companies) as alternative financing. Compared to ordinary bonds that are issued only to meet the issuer's funding needs, the transaction results in Blue Bonds will be used to support marine protection, fisheries governance, waste and water pollution management, and the restoration of marine ecosystems. In this study, the author uses the method literature review sourced from journals, books, reports from related ministries, international financial institutions such as the World Bank, and news from national and international media. The results of this study indicate that by issuing Blue Bonds, the government and companies will get more funds from bond investors. Investors will receive a return in the form of a coupon (fixed interest rate) from the issuer and pay according to schedule and the initial principal investment. Not only that, the government and companies will get a good reputation among investors and actively contribute to Indonesia's maritime development.

scholarly journals Understanding the Reasons behind the Energy Performance Gap of an Energy-Efficient Building, through a Probabilistic Approach and On-Site Measurements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6178
Author(s):  
Pierryves Padey ◽  
Kyriaki Goulouti ◽  
Guy Wagner ◽  
Blaise Périsset ◽  
Sébastien Lasvaux
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

The performance gap, defined as the difference between the measured and the calculated performance of energy-efficient buildings, has long been identified as a major issue in the building domain. The present study aims to better understand the performance gap in high-energy performance buildings in Switzerland, in an ex-post evaluation. For an energy-efficient building, the measured heating demand, collected through a four-year measurement campaign was compared to the calculated one and the results showed that the latter underestimates the real heating demand by a factor of two. As a way to reduce the performance gap, a probabilistic framework was proposed so that the different uncertainties of the model could be considered. By comparing the mean of the probabilistic heating demand to the measured one, it was shown that the performance gap was between 20–30% for the examined period. Through a sensitivity analysis, the active air flow and the shading factor were identified as the most influential parameters on the uncertainty of the heating demand, meaning that their wrong adjustment, in reality, or in the simulations, would increase the performance gap.

scholarly journals A Drop in the Ocean: Patchy Evidence on the Societal Benefits of Marine Litter Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Stoever ◽  
Katrin Rehdanz ◽  
Ikechukwu Charles Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Eu

The benefits of marine litter reduction to society, which are mostly non-market ones, need to be valued and quantified in monetary terms to be included in cost benefit analyses required by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This article investigates the extent to which these benefits can be derived from existing studies. We review the available empirical evidence and analyze its key characteristics based on descriptive statistics. Comparing the availability of estimates with the requirements for the EU Member States, we find a striking mismatch between the data available and the information required, which cannot be alleviated by benefit transfer. This finding is valid for both, ex-ante and ex-post, evaluation attempts. We conclude that the evidence available at present is too patchy to derive country-wide policy implications to the extent necessary to comprehensively conduct the evaluations required by the Directive.

The Extended-Expert-As-Teacher (EEAT) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-435
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Blado
Keyword(s):  
Double Counting ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Novices And Experts ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Teacher Model

Abstract Recently, social epistemologists have sought to establish what the governing epistemic relationship should be between novices and experts. In this article, the author argues for, and expands upon, Helen De Cruz’s expert-as-teacher model. For although this model is vulnerable to significant challenges, the author proposes that a specifically extended version can sufficiently overcome these challenges (call this the “extended-expert-as-teacher” model, or the “EEAT” model). First, the author shows the respective weaknesses of three influential models in the literature. Then, he argues the expert-as-teacher model can overcome its weaknesses by adding what he calls the “Authority Clause”, “Advisor Clause”, and “Ex Post Facto Clause” of the EEAT model. After developing a robust account of these clauses, the author entertains three major objections. First, he responds to the charge that the EEAT model is little better than the expert-as-authority model. Second, he responds to a double-counting objection. Lastly, he responds to a pragmatic objection from complexity.

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