scholarly journals The Use of Digital Terrain Models to Estimate the Pace of Filling the Pit of a Central European Granite Quarry with Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2298
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jawecki ◽  
Szymon Szewrański ◽  
Radosław Stodolak ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the pace of filling one of the deepest European granite quarries with water. A DTM (digital terrain model) based on data from LiDAR ALS (light detection and ranging airborne laser scanning) was used to create a model of the pit of the Strzelin I granite quarry and to determine the reach and surface area of the direct catchment of the excavation pit. The increase in the volume of water in the excavation pit was determined. Analogue maps and DTM were used to calculate the maximum depth of the pit (113.3 m), its surface area (9.71 ha), and its capacity (5.1 million m3). The volume of water collected in the excavation pit during the years 2011–2018 was determined based on the analogue base map and the DTM. The result was 0.335 million m3. Based on the data made available by the mining company, the correlation of the DTM with the orthophotomap of the mining area and additional field measurements, the ordinates of the water level in the years 2011–2018 were determined. Initially, the water surface level in the quarry was located on the ordinate of 66.6 m a.s.l. (July 20, 2011). After the pumping of water was discontinued, the level rose to 96.1 m a.s.l. (January 28, 2018). The increase in the water volume in the quarry pit during specific periods was determined (actual retention increase). The obtained data on the volume of the retained water referred to the period during which it accumulated in the quarry. On average, the net increase in water retention in the excavation pit was 138.537 m3∙d−1, and the calculated net supply from the direct catchment (16.04 ha) was 101.758 m3∙d−1. The use of DTM and measurements of the water level in the excavation pit seem to be an efficient means of estimating the pace of spontaneous filling of the quarry with water supplied from the direct physiographic catchment.

scholarly journals The optimal position of a pumping station in the mining area based on the digital terrain model

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Marian Poniewiera ◽  
Iwona Jelonek ◽  
Wioleta Błaszczak-Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract The purpose of the work described in the article was to find the optimal location of the pumping station for the mining area Krzyżowice III Hard Coal Mine “Pniówek”. Mining exploitation causes lowering of the area and changes in water relations. Hence, it is necessary to perform a gravitational, and if it is impossible, forced outflow of water. Localization of the pumping station should assure removal of excess water and prevent flooding. Not only was the present relief taken into account, but also the entire period of the mine’s existence. On the basis of the results of airborne laser scanning a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated. Then a catchment division was made for the entire analyzed area. The article presents the workflow of performing the simulation as the area will be changed due to forecasted mining operations. A practical way to solve the problem of simplifying large amounts of data was also shown. The obtained source materials were developed with the use of the Geolisp software. The system operates in a CAD graphic environment and allows for automation of the most frequently performed works in the field of mining map preparation. The Geolisp cooperates with EDN-OPN program. Thanks to this fact it is possible to combine the obtained results of calculations of predicted deformations of the mining area and the rock mass with the digital map.

scholarly journals DTM-based analysis of the spatial distribution of topolineaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1199
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Kriging ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Airborne Laser

AbstractThe research area is located on the boundary between two Paleozoic structural units: the Radom–Kraśnik Block and the Mazovian–Lublin Basin in the southeastern Poland. The tectonic structures are separated by the Ursynów–Kazimierz Dolny fault zone. The digital terrain model obtained by the ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) method was used. Classification and filtration of an elevation point cloud were performed. Then, from the elevation points representing only surfaces, a digital terrain model was generated. The model was used to visually interpret the course of topolineaments and their automatic extraction from DTM. Two topolineament systems, trending NE–SW and NW–SE, were interpreted. Using the kernel density algorithm, topolineament density models were generated. Using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging, a thickness model of quaternary deposits was generated. A relationship was observed between the course of topolineaments and the distribution and thickness of Quaternary formations. The topolineaments were compared with fault directions marked on tectonic maps of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Data validation showed consistency between topolineaments and tectonic faults. The obtained results are encouraging for further research.

Improving the accuracy of forming a digital terrain model along the railway

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Dmitriy A. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Digital Terrain Models ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models

The problem of improving the accuracy of digital terrain models created for monitoring and diagnostics of the railway track and the surrounding area is considered. A technical solution to this problem is presented, which includes a method for joint aerial photography and laser scanning, as well as a method for digital processing of the obtained data. The relevance of using this solution is due to the existence of zones of weak reception of signals from the global navigation satellite system, since in these zones the accuracy of constructing digital terrain models using currently used diagnostic spatial scanning systems is reduced. The technical solution is based on the method of digital processing of aerial photographs of the railway track. In this case, as elements of external orientation, the threads of the rail track located at a normalized distance from each other are used. The use of this method made it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the flight path of an aircraft over railway tracks and, as a result, the accuracy of calculating the coordinates of points on the earth's surface. As a result, a digital terrain model was created that is suitable for diagnostics and monitoring the condition of the railway trackbed. During simulation modeling, it was found that the application of the proposed method allowed to reduce to 50 % the confidence interval of the distribution of the error in determining the coordinates of points on the terrain and increase the accuracy of forming a digital terrain model. This promising technical solution for improving the accuracy of digital terrain models for railway track diagnostics is implemented using unmanned aerial vehicles that are part of the mobile diagnostic complex. The advantages of the proposed solution include high efficiency and availability of application.

scholarly journals Changing the geometry of basins and water resources of Lakes Gopło and Ostrowskie under the influence of anthropopressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piasecki Adam ◽  
Skowron Rajmund
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract The paper presents the changes that have occurred in the morphometry of Lakes Gopło and Ostrowskie, which are located in central Poland. The analysis covered the period characterised by increased human interference into the water cycle, which has been taking place continually since the mid-eighteenth century. On the basis of available cartographic materials (aerial photographs, topographic maps, bathymetric charts of the lakes) and the authors’ own field measurements digital terrain models were developed for the immediate environment of the surveyed lakes. These models, in turn, were used for measuring basic parameters characterising the external dimensions of the lakes (surface area, length and maximum width, shoreline length) and their underwater relief (volume, maximum and average depth). In addition, the selected indicators of the shape and form of the lake basins were determined. The results showed a drastic reduction of water resources of the two lakes. The basin of Lake Gopło covers only the deepest parts of the former reservoir, accounting for only 23.3% of the lake before 1772, and 32.5% of its former volume. In the case of Lake Ostrowskie the surface area and volume decreased, respectively, by 23.5% (74.9 ha) and 21.3% (6 695 000 m3). Such large changes in surface area and volume of both lakes have contributed to significant changes in other morphometric parameters and indicators. In particular, significant changes were observed in relation to such morphometric characteristics as length and maximum width, as well as average and maximum depth.

scholarly journals Digital terrain model reconstruction and preliminary scientific exploration planning of the Chang'E 3

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-4 ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
X. Ren ◽  
L. Mu ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Model Reconstruction ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Yutu Rover

At 13:11 (GMT) December 14, 2013 Chang’e 3 (CE-3) successfully landed at 19.51° W, 44.12° N northwestern Mare Imbrium on the Moon, making it China's first planetary mission to land on a celestial body other than Earth. CE-3 explore comprises a lander and a rover. It carries eight scientific instruments onboard, including the descent camera on the lander, and the panoramic camera on the rover. These cameras imaged the topographic features around the landing site. This paper mainly presents the digital terrain model reconstruction techniques for the panoramic camera. Image pairs obtained during the first lunar day are used to reconstructed 3D Digital Terrain Models of 0.02 m resolution near observation points E and S3. The maps have been extensively used to support Yutu operations and strategic planning of the mission. The preliminary scientific exploration planning of the Yutu rover for the second lunar day has been made.

scholarly journals TECHNIQUE OF AUTOMATIC MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA FILTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Altyntsev ◽  
◽  
Hamid Majid Saber Karkokli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Data Filtering ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Filtration Technique

The result of laser scanning is an array of laser points. The generation of a single point cloud in a given coordinate system is carried out during the registration process at the stage of preliminary field data processing. At this stage it is also often necessary to filter the data. Laser points with an erroneous position are eliminated during the data filleting. The number of erroneous laser points is determined by the of the laser scanner characteristics, surveyed area peculiarities and weather conditions. The devel-opment of methods and algorithms for filtering laser scanning data is carried out based on the analysis of the laser point spatial position and a certain set of additional characteristics, such as intensity value, echo signal, color value. The technique of mobile laser scanning data filtering for the territory of the road passing among the forest and close to individual industrial facilities and building. The main goal of the proposed filtration technique is to obtain data for automatic generation of an accurate digital terrain model. The filtration technique was developed for data acquired under the least favorable con-ditions – in wet weather. Accuracy estimation of generating digital terrain model based on filtered data was carried out.

scholarly journals Automating the creation of channel cross section data from aerial laser scanning and hydrological surveying for modeling flood events / Automatická tvorba geometrie vodních toků na základě syntézy dat z leteckého laserového skenování a hydrologického měření pro modelování povodňových událostí. j. hydrol., hydromech., 60, 2012, 4; 25 lit., 8 obr., 5 tab.

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Roub ◽  
Tomáš Hejduk ◽  
Pavel Novák
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Aerial Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain

Knowing the extent of inundation areas for individual N-year flood events, the specific flood scenarios, and having an idea about the depths and velocities in the longitudinal or transverse water course profile provided by hydrodynamic models is of key importance for protecting peoples’ lives and mitigating damage to property. Input data for creating the watercourse computational geometry are crucial for hydrodynamic models. Requirements for input data vary with respect to the hydrodynamic model used. One-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic models in which the computing track is formed by cross-sectional profiles of the channel are characterized by lower requirements for input data. In two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models, a digital terrain model is needed for the entire area studied. Financial requirements of the project increase with regard to the input data and the model used. The increase is mainly due to the high cost of the geodetic surveying of the stream channel. The paper aims at a verification and presentation of the suitability of using hydrological measurements in developing a schematization (geometry) of water courses based on topographic data gained from aerial laser scanning provided by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. Taking into account the hydrological measurement during the schematization of the water course into the hydrodynamic model consists in the derivation of flow rate achieved at the time of data acquisition using the method of aerial laser scanning by means of hydrological analogy and in using the established flow rate values as a basis for deepening of the digital terrain model from aerial laser scanning data. Thus, the given principle helps to capture precisely the remaining part of the channel profile which is not reflected in the digital terrain model prepared by the method of aerial laser scanning and fully correct geometry is achieved for the hydrodynamic model.

scholarly journals Threat of Pollution Hotspots Reworking in River Systems: Case Study of the Ploučnice River (Czech Republic)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Elznicová ◽  
Tomáš Matys Grygar ◽  
Jan Popelka ◽  
Martin Sikora ◽  
Petr Novák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Lateral Channel ◽  
Floodplain Development ◽  
Channel Deposits

As fluvial pollution may endanger the quality of water and solids transported by rivers, mapping and evaluation of historically polluted fluvial sediments is an urgent topic. The Ploučnice River and its floodplain were polluted by local uranium mining from 1971–1989. We have studied this river since 2013 using a combination of diverse methods, including geoinformatics, to identify pollution hotspots in floodplains and to evaluate the potential for future reworking. Archival information on pollution history and past flooding was collected to understand floodplain dynamics and pollution heterogeneity. Subsequently, a digital terrain model based on laser scanning data and data analysis were used to identify the sites with river channel shifts. Finally, non-invasive geochemical mapping was employed, using portable X-ray fluorescence and gamma spectrometers. The resulting datasets were processed with geostatistical tools. One of the main outputs of the study was a detailed map of pollution distribution in the floodplain. The results showed a relationship between polluted sediment deposition, past channel shifts and floodplain development. We found that increased concentration of pollution occurred mainly in the cut-off meanders and lateral channel deposits from the mining period, the latter in danger of reworking (reconnecting to the river) in the coming decades.

scholarly journals UAV-Based Terrain Modeling under Vegetation in the Chinese Loess Plateau: A Deep Learning and Terrain Correction Ensemble Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Na ◽  
Kaikai Xue ◽  
Liyang Xiong ◽  
Guoan Tang ◽  
Hu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Correction ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Digital Terrain

Accurate topographic mapping is a critical task for various environmental applications because elevation affects hydrodynamics and vegetation distributions. UAV photogrammetry is popular in terrain modelling because of its lower cost compared to laser scanning. However, this method is restricted in vegetation area with a complex terrain, due to reduced ground visibility and lack of robust and automatic filtering algorithms. To solve this problem, this work proposed an ensemble method of deep learning and terrain correction. First, image matching point cloud was generated by UAV photogrammetry. Second, vegetation points were identified based on U-net deep learning network. After that, ground elevation was corrected by estimating vegetation height to generate the digital terrain model (DTM). Two scenarios, namely, discrete and continuous vegetation areas were considered. The vegetation points in the discrete area were directly removed and then interpolated, and terrain correction was applied for the points in the continuous areas. Case studies were conducted in three different landforms in the loess plateau of China, and accuracy assessment indicated that the overall accuracy of vegetation detection was 95.0%, and the MSE (Mean Square Error) of final DTM (Digital Terrain Model) was 0.024 m.

scholarly journals A novel automated method for the improvement of photogrammetric DTM accuracy in forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 576-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Gašparović ◽  
Ivan Balenović ◽  
Ante Seletković ◽  
Anita Simic Milas
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Fraxinus Angustifolia

Digitalni model reljefa (DTM, engl. Digital Terrain Model) ima široku i važnu primjenu u mnogim djelatnostima, uključujući i šumarstvo. Međutim, precizno modeliranje terena, odnosno izrada DTM-a u šumama, bilo korištenjem terenskih metoda ili metoda daljinskih istraživanja, izazovan je i vrlo zahtjevan zadatak. U većini razvijenih zemalja svijeta, zračno lasersko skeniranje (ALS, engl. Airborne Laser Scanning) bazirano na LiDAR (engl. Light Detection and Ranging) tehnologiji trenutno predstavlja glavnu metodu za izradu DTM-a. Uslijed mogućnosti laserskog zračenja da penetrira kroz krošnje drveća, LiDAR tehnologija se pokazala kao efektivna i brza metoda za izradu DTM-a u šumskim područjima s vrlo velikom točnošću. Međutim, u mnogim zemljama svijeta, uključujući i Hrvatsku, zračno lasersko skeniranje nije u potpunosti provedeno, tj. samo su manji dijelovi zemlje pokriveni s podacima zračnog laserskog skeniranja. U tim slučajevima, DTM temeljen na stereo-fotogrametrijskoj izmjeri aerosnimaka potpomognut s terenskim podacima najčešće predstavlja glavni izvor informacija za izradu DTM-a. Poznato je da tako izrađen DTM u šumskim predjelima ima manju točnost od DTM-a dobivenog na temelju zračnog laserskog skeniranja zbog pokrivenosti terena vegetacijom. Također, u okviru nedavno provedenog istraživanja (Balenović i dr., 2018) utvrđeno je da takvi službeni fotogrametrijski digitalni podaci terena u šumskim predjelima sadrže određen broj tzv. grubih grešaka, koje mogu značajno utjecati na točnost izrađenog DTM-a. Nakon vizualnog detektiranja i manualnog uklanjanja tih pogrešaka, Balenović i dr. (2018) utvrdili su značajno poboljšanje točnosti fotogrametrijskog DTM-a. Stoga je glavni cilj ovoga rada razviti automatsku metodu za detekciju i eliminaciju vertikalnih pogrešaka u fotogrametrijskim digitalnim podacima terena te na taj način poboljšati točnost fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima Hrvatske. Ideja je razviti brzu, jednostavnu i učinkovitu metodu koja će biti primjenjiva i za druga šumska područja sličnih karakteristika, a za koja ne postoje DTM dobiven zračnim laserskim skeniranjem. Istraživanje je provedeno u nizinskim šumama na području gospodarske jedinice Jastrebarski lugovi, u neposrednoj blizini Jastrebarskog (Slika 1). Istraživanjem je obuhvaćena površina od 2.005,74 ha, na kojoj su u najvećoj mjeri zastupljene jednodobne sastojine hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.), a u ma­njoj mjeri jednodobne sastojine poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia L.) te jednodobne sastojine običnoga graba (Carpinus betulus L.). Nadmorska visina područja istraživanja kreće se u rasponu od 105 do 121 m. Fotogrametrijski DTM (DTM<sub>PHM</sub>) je izrađen iz digitalnih vektorskih podataka terena (prijelomnice, linije oblika, markantne točke terena i pravokutne mreže visinskih točaka) nabavljenih iz Državne geodetske uprave (Slika 2). Ti podaci predstavljaju nacionalni standard i jedini su dostupni podaci za izradu DTM-a u Hrvatskoj. Detaljan opis vektorskih podataka dan je u radu Balenović i dr. (2018). Prvo je iz digitalnih terenskih podataka izrađena nepravilna mreža trokuta, koja je potom linearnom interpolacijom pretvorena u rasterski DTM<sub>PHM</sub> prostorne rezolucije (veličine piksela) 0,5 m. Automatska metoda za detekciju i eliminaciju vertikalnih pogrešaka fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima razvijena je u slobodnom programskom paketu Grass GIS (Slika 3). Kombinacijom vrijednosti nagiba i tangencijalne zakrivljenosti terena rasterskog DTM<sub>PHM</sub> (Slika 4), automatskom metodom su detektirane 91 grube greške (engl. outliers). Drugim riječima, utvrđeno je da 91 točkasti vektorski objekt pogrešno prikazuje stvarnu visinu terena. Navedeni broj čini 3,2 % od ukupnog broja točkastih objekata korištenih za izradu DTM<sub>PHM</sub>-a. Nakon eliminacije detektiranih pogrešaka izrađen je novi, korigirani fotogrametrijski DTM (DTM<sub>PHMc</sub>). Za ocjenu vertikalne točnosti izvornog (DTM<sub>PHM</sub>) i korigiranog DTM-a (DTM<sub>PHMc</sub>) korišten je visoko precizni DTM dobiven zračnim laserskim skeniranjem (DTM<sub>LiD</sub>). U tu svrhu su izrađeni rasteri razlika između DTM<sub>PHM </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub>, te između DTM<sub>PHMc </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub>. Kako je preliminarnom analizom utvrđeno da vertikalne razlike između DTM<sub>PHM </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub> nisu normalno distribuirane (Slika 5), za ocjenu točnosti su uz normalne mjere točnosti korištene i tzv. robusne mjere točnosti (Tablica 2). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na poboljšanje vertikalne točnosti fotogrametrijskog DTM-a primjenom razvijene automatske metode. To je posebice uočljivo na podpodručjima 2 i 3 (Slika 6 i 7) u kojima se nakon uklanjanja detektiranih grešaka, korijen srednje kvadratne pogreške (RMSE, engl. root mean square error) smanjio za 8 % odnosno 50 % (Tablica 2). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata i usporedbe s DTM<sub>LiD</sub>, može se zaključiti da predložena metoda uspješno detektira i eliminira vertikalne pogreške fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima, te slijedom toga poboljšava njegovu vertikalnu točnost.

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