scholarly journals Export and import of virtual water from different states of India through food grain trade

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sharad K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Water Contents

The geographical area of India is 3.29 × 106 km2 and the annual average precipitation is about 4000 km3 (about 1215 mm depth over the country). Large variations in agricultural practices, climate and land productivity result in large variations in agricultural productivity between states. Virtual water refers to the water required in the production of goods or services; exchange of water through goods and services is virtual water trade. This paper quantifies virtual water export/import from/to various states of India to/from a central pool related to trade of two major food grains, wheat and rice, during the years 2003–04 to 2005–06. Virtual water contents of wheat and rice were estimated for different states using the data pertaining to that state. It was found to vary from 745 to 9405 m3/t for wheat and from 2502 to 9562 m3/t for rice. Punjab, Haryana, Chattisgarh and Uttarakhand are net exporters of virtual water to the central pool; all other states are net importers. Among the virtual water exporters, Punjab and Haryana are water-stressed areas and some virtual water importing states have adequate water resources. Analysis shows that besides water availability, other factors are also important in determining virtual water export from a region.

Trading virtual water between Bangladesh and India: a politico-economic dilemma

Water Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saila Parveen ◽  
I. M. Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Economic Considerations

The extent of virtual water trade and its significance for the food security of Bangladesh have been examined in the light of political and socio-economic considerations that govern the food grain trade between Bangladesh and India. It has been shown that while there are no physical constraints preventing such a trade, prevailing political relations, market conditions, agricultural and food policies, the state of the economies and climatic conditions may play important roles in determining the extent of trade. In the context of rapid population growth and potential future shortage of cultivable land and irrigation water in the dry season, the paper suggests that food security may be redefined as “food self-reliance” instead of “food self-sufficiency”.

Driving factors of virtual water in international grain trade: A study for belt and road countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 107441
Author(s):  
Wenjun Xia ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
Alejo Pérez-Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Water ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Belt And Road

scholarly journals Direct and indirect water use within the Australian economy

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1239
Author(s):  
Beatriz Reutter ◽  
Paul A. Lant ◽  
Joe L. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Abstract We present the first analysis of water use in the Australian economy to account for inter-state trade, exports and consumption patterns, across all economic sectors and incorporating a temporal analysis. This is achieved by using the environmentally extended input-output technique, combining state-level input-output and water accounts from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results show that the three big eastern economies (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland) rely mostly on water used within their jurisdictions. Approximately one-third of water consumption is for exported commodities, with the biggest export flows of virtual water being associated with agricultural production. Comparing results across the years (2000–2011), the water consumption associated with the provision of goods and services has decreased by 32% for exports, and by 38% for domestic markets. To date in Australia, the focus for improved trans-boundary water management (within Australia) has been on improved mechanisms for sharing physical allocation of water; these results provide the trans-boundary economic dependencies related to water availability. Recent innovations in the compilation of economic input-output models create an opportunity to progress this analysis, exploring in detail the economy–water interlinkages. It is our intention that the paper shows the value of analysing water flows using the multi-regional input-output techniques.

scholarly journals Food selection of maize weevil Sitophilus Zeamais (motschulsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Dzuong ◽  
Khuat Dang Long
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Selection Of

The instintive behaviour exhibited by insects in the selecting  food is always a matter of  interests to entomologists, and it is one of the fundamental principles underlining the application of entomology to agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Food seclection is an important characteristic of insects that help them survive in periods with insufficient foods.Three grain types of food, maize grain, long-grain rice and soybean grain, were used in this sudy for detecting food selection behaviours of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Grains were kept in box traps put in the different stores in Son La during 90 days. The result showed that maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, prefered traps with maize grains (71.4%) considerably more than ones with long-grain rice (14.3%) and soybean grain (14.3%). Meanwhile, the cornsap beetle, Carpophilus dimidiatus, was mostly observed in maize grain (98.5%) and to a lesser degree, in soybean grain (1.5%); and the dried-fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus, was abundantly observed in maize grain (93.1%) and less in soybean grain (6.9%). The red flour, Tribolium castaneum, also tended to select all the three food grain, i.e. maize grain: 53.5%, long-rice grain: 35.2%, and soybean grain: 11.3%.Comparing f beetle individuals captured on three types of food grains showed that the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is the most abundant species. The percentage this store beetle among all beetles observed in maize, soybean grains and long-rice grains were 57.0%, 84.9% and 27.6%, respectively. Interestingly, Ahasverus advena, foreign grain beetle, occurred abundantly on long-rice gain (61.7%), i.e. this grain is a suitable food for the development of this beetle. 

scholarly journals Optimization of virtual water flow via grain trade within China

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongzhi Wang ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Jin-Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

On Freeing Interstate Food Grain Trade in India

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
P.V. Srinivasan ◽  
Shikha Jha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Trade ◽  
Food Grain

Food Grains Storage: A Study of Central Warehousing Corporation of India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Food Grain

Warehouses play an important role in storage of food grain articles in bulk. In India, these are basically owned by Food Corporation of India (FCI), Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) and State Warehousing Corporations (SFCs). There is burgeoning issue of the improper storage of food grains now-a-days. In this article, an attempt has been made to study the storage capacity available with Central Warehousing Corporation for the period of nine years i.e. from 2005-06 to 2013-14. The data with respect to storage capacity available and its utilization have been collected and compiled from the annual reports of CWC. Moreover, an attempt has also been made to study the total storage capacity with Food Corporation of India and State Warehousing Corporations along with Central Warehousing Corporation. The study reveals that there has been no significant increase in the storage capacity as compared to increase in the procurement of food grains.

Soil quality audit for resource conservation in Indian agriculture

Social Change ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Raman ◽  
Saroja Raman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
High Input

Indian agricultural enterprise is one of the largest in terms of human capital and area of operation. It covers approximately 144 mha arable land, more than 60% of the population, and accounts for 40 % of the GDP. Hence its role in overall economic ecological and social development is very critical. Indian agricultural scene is a mix of traditional, low input, subsistence agriculture by the resource-poor farmer and science-based, high-input intensive farming by the rich farmers. Both of them have a share in the impairment of the environment. Because pockets of very high input cultivation are still limited, the pollution due to agricultural waste, excess fertilizers and pesticides are still not as wide-spread and alarming as they are in the west. Soil loss and degradation is the most serious environmental concern generated by the harsh geographical features of the country and by agricultural enterprises, both exacerbated by over-straining animal and human population. Almost 70% of the geographical area is prone to water and wind erosion and other stresses. 5334 million tonnes of soil is eroded annually and 5.3-8.4 million tonnes of the plant nutrients are lost. If this trend continues, one-third of the arable land is likely to be lost. For the fragile and slopy lands, soil conservation measures are being taken up on an extensive scale through water shed approach. These, however, have not been very effective or friendly for over 78% of the small and marginal farmers. Soil Quality, a holistic concept encompassing productivity, environmental quality, and human and animal health, has been developed recently for validating and auditing sustainable agriculture. Several physical, chemical and biological indicators like pH, EC, nutrient status, infiltration rate, soil structure, soil organic carbon etc. have been identified as indicators for measuring soil quality. This approach can be initiated in some places in India to monitor the negative impacts of certain currently prevailing agricultural practices, and facilitate sustainable agriculture through alternate farming protocols. Locale specific, farmer-friendly and conducive packages should be evolved monitored and evaluated in collaboration with the small farmer so that soil resources are conserved or upgraded for future generations.

scholarly journals Development of a FRET-based fluorescence aptasensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in contaminated food grain samples

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 10465-10473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswani Kumar Y. V. V. ◽  
Renuka R. M. ◽  
Achuth J. ◽  
Venkataramana Mudili ◽  
Sudhakar Poda
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food Grain

The present study aimed to develop an aptamer-based FRET detection strategy for the specific and sensitive detection of AFB1 in contaminated food grains.

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