scholarly journals Taking water efficiency to the next level: digital tools to reduce non-revenue water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cassidy ◽  
B. Barbosa ◽  
M. Damião ◽  
P. Ramalho ◽  
A. Ganhão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Communication Capacity ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Efficiency optimization of urban water systems is a growing concern for water utilities worldwide. This case study aimed at evaluating the impact of using cloud-based tools on the reduction of both real (real-time network monitoring) and apparent water losses (integrated customer meters management) in two water utilities. The incorporation of smart water solutions with a methodology for the management and operation of the systems allowed to diagnose, prioritize areas and define actions to improve efficiency. Using a real-time monitoring tool allowed to categorize bursts and to evaluate their impact on water loss volumes and to identify operational inefficiencies regarding detection and repair times, particularly in small and medium bursts. Additionally, the implementation of an integrated customer meters management tool allowed for an optimized meter management reducing apparent losses by estimating metering errors more accurately, allowing the water utilities to replace meters based on specific lifespan. Digitalization, through the implementation of optimized algorithms and early warning systems, allowed the analysis of data in a methodical and prompt manner resulting in non-revenue water reduction up to 8% in 3 years while improving the digital organization of data and its quality (reliability and accuracy), interdepartmental organization and communication, capacity building and utilities’ image among stakeholders.

Measuring the Impact of the Semantic-Based Process Mining Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-237
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the extent to which the semantic-based process mining approach of this book supports the conceptual analysis of the events logs and resultant models. Qualitatively, the chapter leverages the use case study of the research learning process domain to determine how the proposed method support the discovery, monitoring, and enhancement of the real-time processes through the abstraction levels of analysis. Also, the chapter quantitatively assesses the level of accuracy of the classification process to predict behaviours of unobserved instances within the underlying knowledge base. Overall, the work looks at the implications of the semantic-based approach, validation of the classification results, and their influence compared to other existing benchmark techniques/algorithms used for process mining.

scholarly journals Applying a Model for Trip Assignment and Dynamic Routing of Automated Taxis with Congestion: System Performance in the City of Delft, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (8) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia ◽  
Bart van Arem
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper proposes a method of assigning trips to automated taxis (ATs) and designing the routes of those vehicles in an urban road network, and also considering the traffic congestion caused by this dynamic responsive service. The system is envisioned to provide a seamless door-to-door service within a city area for all passenger origins and destinations. An integer programming model is proposed to define the routing of the vehicles according to a profit maximization function, depending on the dynamic travel times, which varies with the ATs’ flow. This will be especially important when the number of automated vehicles (AVs) circulating on the roads is high enough that their routing will cause delays. This system should be able to serve not only the reserved travel requests, but also some real-time requests. A rolling horizon scheme is used to divide one day into several periods in which both the real-time and the booked demand will be considered together. The model was applied to the real size case study city of Delft, the Netherlands. The results allow assessing of the impact of the ATs movements on traffic congestion and the profitability of the system. From this case-study, it is possible to conclude that taking into account the effect of the vehicle flows on travel time leads to changes in the system profit, the satisfied percentage and the driving distance of the vehicles, which highlights the importance of this type of model in the assessment of the operational effects of ATs in the future.

scholarly journals A Generic Asset Model for Implementing Product Digital Twins in Smart Remanufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi Kerin ◽  
Duc Truong Pham ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jeremy Hadall
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract A digital twin is a “live” virtual replica of a sensorised component, product, process, human, or system. It accurately copies the entity being modelled by capturing information in real time or near real time from the entity through embedded sensors and the Internet-of-Things. Many applications of digital twins in manufacturing industry have been investigated. This article focuses on the development of product digital twins to reduce the impact of quantity, quality, and demand uncertainties in remanufacturing. Starting from issues specific to remanufacturing, the article derives the functional requirements for a product digital twin for remanufacturing and proposes a UML model of a generic asset to be remanufactured. The model has been demonstrated in a case study which highlights the need to translate existing knowledge and data into an integrated system to realise a product digital twin, capable of supporting remanufacturing process planning.

scholarly journals Landslide early warning based on failure forecast models: the example of the Mt. de La Saxe rockslide, northern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manconi ◽  
D. Giordan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Unstable Slope ◽  
Critical Phases

Abstract. We apply failure forecast models by exploiting near-real-time monitoring data for the La Saxe rockslide, a large unstable slope threatening Aosta Valley in northern Italy. Starting from the inverse velocity theory, we analyze landslide surface displacements automatically and in near real time on different temporal windows and apply straightforward statistical methods to obtain confidence intervals on the estimated time of failure. Here, we present the result obtained for the La Saxe rockslide, a large unstable slope located in Aosta Valley, northern Italy. Based on this case study, we identify operational thresholds that are established on the reliability of the forecast models. Our approach is aimed at supporting the management of early warning systems in the most critical phases of the landslide emergency.

Algorithmic network monitoring for a modern water utility: a case study in Jerusalem

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Armon ◽  
S. Gutner ◽  
A. Rosenberg ◽  
H. Scolnicov
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Statistical Solution ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Infrastructure Monitoring ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
And Control

We report on the design, deployment, and use of TaKaDu, a real-time algorithmic Water Infrastructure Monitoring solution, with a strong focus on water loss reduction and control. TaKaDu is provided as a commercial service to several customers worldwide. It has been in use at HaGihon, the Jerusalem utility, since mid 2009. Water utilities collect considerable real-time data from their networks, e.g. by means of a SCADA system and sensors measuring flow, pressure, and other data. We discuss how an algorithmic statistical solution analyses this wealth of raw data, flexibly using many types of input and picking out and reporting significant events and failures in the network. Of particular interest to most water utilities is the early detection capability for invisible leaks, also a means for preventing large visible bursts. The system also detects sensor and SCADA failures, various water quality issues, DMA boundary breaches, unrecorded or unintended network changes (like a valve or pump state change), and other events, including types unforeseen during system design. We discuss results from use at HaGihon, showing clear operational value.

scholarly journals The impact of increasing land productivity on groundwater dynamics: a case study of an oasis located at the edge of the Gobi Desert

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Li Changbin ◽  
Xuhong Xie ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Wanrui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Overexploitation ◽  
Oasis Area ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Intensification of agricultural systems may result in overexploitation of water resources in arid regions because enhanced productivity of crops is often associated with increased actual evapotranspiration (AET). The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of increased regional AET on the groundwater level in a case study of the oasis located within the Shiyang River Basin near the edge of the Gobi Desert.Result: The results of the study show that regional AET increased during the period from 1981 to 2010 due to increasing oasis area and air temperature. The water losses due to AET exceeded the water supply from the mountainous discharges of the basin by the end of this period, leading to groundwater overexploitation in the oasis area.Conclusions: This case study shows the importance of considering the effect of climate change on water losses associated with increasing agricultural production for the sustainable agricultural development of arid regions.

Could a Decentralized Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System Help in Mitigating Seismic Risk in Northeastern Italy? The Case of the 1976 Ms 6.5 Friuli Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3323-3333
Author(s):  
Stefano Parolai ◽  
Luca Moratto ◽  
Michele Bertoni ◽  
Chiara Scaini ◽  
Alessandro Rebez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In May 1976, a devastating earthquake of magnitude Ms 6.5 occurred in Friuli, Italy, resulting in 976 deaths, 2000 injured, and 60,000 homeless. It is notable that, at the time of the earthquake, only one station was installed in the affected region. The resulting lack of information, combined with a dearth of mitigation planning for responding to such events, lead to a clear picture of the impact of the disaster being available only after a few days. This region is now covered by nearly 100 seismological and strong-motion stations operating in real time. Furthermore, 30 average-cost strong-motion stations have been recently added, with the goals of improving the density of real-time ground-motion observations and measuring the level of shaking recorded at selected buildings. The final goal is to allow rapid impact estimations to be made to improve the response of civil protection authorities. Today, considering the higher density seismological network, new efforts in terms of the implementation and testing of earthquake early warning systems as a possible tool for mitigating seismic risk are certainly worthwhile. In this article, we show the results obtained by analyzing in playback and using an algorithm for decentralized onsite earthquake early warning, broadband synthetic strong-motion data calculated at 18 of the stations installed in the region, while considering the magnitude and location of the 1976 Friuli earthquake. The analysis shows that the anisotropy of the lead times is related not only to the finite nature of the source but also to the slip distribution. A reduction of 10% of injured persons appears to be possible if appropriate mitigating actions are employed, such as the development of efficient automatic procedures that improve the safety of strategic industrial facilities.

scholarly journals Smart Water Management towards Future Water Sustainable Networks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ramos ◽  
Aonghus McNabola ◽  
P. López-Jiménez ◽  
Modesto Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Smart Water

Water management towards smart cities is an issue increasingly appreciated under financial and environmental sustainability focus in any water sector. The main objective of this research is to disclose the technological breakthroughs associated with water and energy use. A methodology is proposed and applied in a case study to analyze the benefits to develop smart water grids, showing the advantages offered by the development of control measures. The case study showed the positive results, particularly savings of 57 GWh and 100 Mm3 in a period of twelve years when different measures from the common ones were developed for the monitoring and control of water losses in smart water management. These savings contributed to reducing the CO2 emissions to 47,385 t CO2-eq. Finally, in order to evaluate the financial effort and savings obtained in this reference systems (RS) network, the investment required in the monitoring and water losses control in a correlation model case (CMC) was estimated, and, as a consequence, the losses level presented a significant reduction towards sustainable values in the next nine years. Since the pressure control is one of the main issues for the reduction of leakage, an estimation of energy production for Portugal is also presented.

Non-revenue water and cost recovery in urban India: the case of Bangalore

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maitreyee Mukherjee ◽  
Namrata Chindarkar ◽  
Jenny Grönwall
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
The City

This paper examines the issue of non-revenue water (NRW) in urban India, taking the city of Bangalore as a case study. Using empirical evidence from a survey conducted among 601 low-income households in Bangalore, we investigate the major sources of NRW for water utilities and propose policy recommendations based on the analysis. Our key finding is that public stand posts and public wells, which supply free water, are a non-trivial source of NRW. In addition, we find that revenue generation from metered tap connections is sub-optimal. Further, we observe potential revenue being shifted away from the public water utilities toward private providers, as several households pay for water obtained from neighbours, tankers, or other private sources. Drawing upon our findings, we propose a new tariff structure for urban water utilities to consider. We also review the implementation of pre-payment metering for public stand posts in other developing countries and its feasibility in Bangalore.

Technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic production function for managerial incentives in public water utilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silver Mugisha
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Managerial Incentives ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Utility Managers ◽  
The Impact

Performance of state-owned water utilities in developing countries is often weak. This study estimates the impact of managerial incentives upon efficiency using a stochastic frontier production function with revenue water as the output. The empirical analysis utilises unbalanced panelled data consisting of revenue water, connections, operating expenditure, water delivered and staff, from Uganda's 19 National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) sub-utilities for a 9-year period, 2002–2010. The inefficiency effects are modelled as a function of utility-specific variables: service coverage, level of financial incentives, target difficulty, and year of observation. While financial incentives and increased service coverage improve efficiency, targets (such as the reduction of non-revenue water) that are perceived as excessive by employees may reduce it. The findings suggest some policy implications: utility managers in the public water sector need to incorporate monetary incentives and increase service coverage to reduce non-revenue water. However, targets need to be set with great care and with transparency.

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