scholarly journals Least-cost design of water distribution systems under demand uncertainty: the robust counterpart approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Perelman ◽  
Mashor Housh ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Deterministic Equivalent ◽  
Robust Counterpart ◽  
Uncertainty Set ◽  
Ellipsoidal Uncertainty

In this study, a non-probabilistic robust counterpart (RC) approach is demonstrated and applied to the least-cost design/rehabilitation problem of water distribution systems (WDSs). The uncertainty of the information is described by a deterministic user-defined ellipsoidal uncertainty set that implies the level of risk. The advantages of the RC approach on previous modelling attempts to include uncertainty are in making no assumptions about the probability density functions of the uncertain parameters and their interdependencies, having no requirements on the construction of a representative sample of scenarios, and the deterministic equivalent problem preserves the same size (i.e. computational complexity) as the original problem. The RC is coupled with the cross-entropy heuristic optimization technique for seeking robust solutions. The methodology is demonstrated on an illustrative example and on the Hanoi network. The results show considerable promise of the proposed approach to incorporate uncertainty in the least-cost design problem of WDSs. Further research is warranted to extend the model for more complex WDSs, incorporate extended period simulations, and develop RC schemes for other WDSs related management problems.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
The Past

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Potential Impact of Energy Recovery and Pipe Replacement on Leakage Reduction in a Medium Sized District Metered Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12929
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Pipe Replacement ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Societies

The drive for sustainable societies with more resilient infrastructure networks has catalyzed interest in leakage reduction as a subsequent benefit to energy recovery in water distribution systems. Several researchers have conducted studies and piloted successful energy recovery installations in water distribution systems globally. Challenges remain in the determination of the number, location, and optimal control setting of energy recovery devices. The PERRL 2.0 procedure was developed, employing a genetic algorithm through extended period simulations, to identify and optimize the location and size of hydro-turbine installations for energy recovery. This procedure was applied to the water supply system of the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Several suitable locations for pressure reduction, with energy recovery installations between 600 and 800 kWh/day were identified, with the potential to also reduce leakage in the system by 2 to 4%. Coupling the energy recovery installations with a pipe replacement model showed a further reduction in leakage up to a total of above 6% when replacing 10% of the aged pipes within the network. Several solutions were identified on the main supply line and the addition of a basic water balance, to the analysis, was found valuable in preliminarily evaluation and identification of the more sustainable solutions.

Towards more resilient and adaptable water distribution systems under future demand uncertainty

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Farmani ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Network Building ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Multistage Design ◽  
Major Reduction

The focus of this paper is on how water distribution systems can be made more resilient and adaptable, thus reducing their vulnerability to future changes. A performance evaluation methodology is outlined and used to assess the resilience of today's water infrastructure and its vulnerability to future changes, based on adopting four future scenarios, suitably adapted to represent future water demand states. The results highlight the sensitivity of key performance indicators to a range of future conditions relative to current conditions. The concept of future proofing is introduced and three strategies compared to design/re-design and operate the network, building in varying degrees of adaptive capacity to deliver solutions that are feasible under both today's and tomorrow's conditions. The key findings are that, without any intervention, all solutions are feasible when demand is equal to or less than the design case while resilience of the system improves for small decrease in demand, major reduction in demand shows a big improvement in water quality. Three future proofing strategies, namely operation, designed in operation and multistage design and operation show great potential to create flexibility that allows for operational diversity in the short term while trying to achieve long-term goals. The multistage design and operation strategy is able to outperform the other two strategies considering reduction in cost and improvement in performance of the system.

Pseudotransient Continuation Method in Extended Period Simulation of Water Distribution Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1473-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogelio Álvarez ◽  
Nikolai B. Gorev ◽  
Inna F. Kodzhespirova ◽  
Yuriy Kovalenko ◽  
Salvador Negrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Continuation Method ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Extended Period Simulation
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