scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial pathogens causing Surgical Site Infections in an Egyptian University hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Metwally ◽  
Rania Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals A between-Species Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteria in Fecal Flora

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1479-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Österblad ◽  
Antti Hakanen ◽  
Raija Manninen ◽  
Tiina Leistevuo ◽  
Reijo Peltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Fecal Flora ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Data

ABSTRACT Enterobacteria in fecal flora are often reported to be highly resistant. Escherichia coli is the main species; resistance data on other species are rare. To assess the effect of the host's environment, antimicrobial resistance was determined in fecal species of the family Enterobacteriaceae from three populations: healthy people (HP)(n = 125) with no exposure to antimicrobials for 3 months preceding sampling, university hospital patients (UP) (n = 159) from wards where the antibiotic use was 112 defined daily doses (DDD)/bed/month, and geriatric long-term patients (LTP) (n = 74) who used 1.8 DDD/bed/month. The mean length of hospital stay was 5 days for the UP and 22 months for the LTP. The isolates were identified to at least genus level, and MICs of 16 antimicrobials were determined. From the university hospital, resistance data on clinicalEnterobacteriaceae isolates were also collected. Resistance data for on average two different isolates per sample (range, 1 to 5) were analyzed: 471 E. coli isolates and 261 otherEnterobacteriaceae spp. Resistance was mainly found amongE. coli; even in HP, 18% of E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobial groups, with MIC patterns indicative of transferable resistance. Other fecal enterobacteria were generally susceptible, with little typically transferable multiresistance. Clinical Klebsiella andEnterobacter isolates were significantly more resistant than fecal isolates. The resistance patterns at both hospitals mirrored the patterns of antibiotic use, but LTP E. coli isolates were significantly more resistant than those from UP. Conditions permitting an efficient spread may have been more important in sustaining high resistance levels in the LTP. E. coli was the main carrier of antimicrobial resistance in fecal flora; resistance in other species was rare in the absence of antimicrobial selection.

scholarly journals Pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacilli in surgical site infections in in-patients and out-patients at an apex trauma Center: 2013–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Bhardwaj ◽  
Surbhi Khurana ◽  
Minu Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Purva Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide especially among the surgical site infections (SSIs). SSI is becoming more serious due to hospital-acquired infections/nosocomial infections, which further leads to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns among Gram-negative bacteria in SSI in in- and out-patients the present study was designed. METHODOLOGY: During the 4 years (January 2013–December 2016), the antimicrobial resistant pattern was studied in the admitted patients and in the patients who were followed up to the outpatients department (OPD) after discharge. Antimicrobial resistance pattern testing was done by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and by E-test for ten antibiotics according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS: A total of 2,447 strains were isolated from the studied population on over the period of 4 years. Of 2447, 1996 (81%) were isolated from patients who had SSI during the hospital stay, and 451 (18%) were from patients who attended the OPD after discharge. In the outpatients, who followed up in the OPD for the SSI, Escherichia coli (148), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (93), whereas in the patients who develop SSI during their hospital stay, Acinetobacter baumannii (622), E. coli (424), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (315) were found to be common. A very high resistance pattern was observed in both the studied groups; however, a higher resistance pattern was seen in in-patients as compared to outpatients. CONCLUSION: In our study, we have reported resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the patients who were came for the follow as well as in the inpatients. For the outpatients, it can be concluded that it could be a community-acquired infection which is also an alarming condition for our society.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles of urinary Escherichia coli isolates from Jordanian patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehabi ◽  
A. M. Mahafzah ◽  
K. Z. Al Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Weinvestigated antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from inpatients and outpatients at Jordan University Hospital in 2000 and 2001. E. coli accounted for 32.4% and 37.4% of all isolates respectively. The lowest susceptibility was for ampicillin [11%], cotrimoxazole [23%] and tetracycline [26%]. The relative incidence of resistant isolates of E. coli to nalidixic acid, gentamicin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime and nitrofurantoin was significantly greater for inpatients than for outpatients [P< 0.05]. A large, transferable R-plasmid of 28 kb was found in most E. coli isolates [67%] that were resistant to at least ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline. This R-plasmid reservoir may contribute to the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance in our Region

scholarly journals Surveillance of surgical-site infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary hospital in Alexandria, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
May Raouf ◽  
Thoraya Ghazal ◽  
Mohamed Kassem ◽  
Abdelfattah Agamya ◽  
Amira Amer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Introduction: Surveillance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring are fundamental to Health care associated infections control. Limited data are available from developing countries for both. This study aimed to evaluate incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections (SSIs), etiological pathogens and AMR patterns identification. Methodology: A prospective active surveillance study was implemented over a 24- month period at a 110-bed multispecialty non-teaching tertiary hospital. Follow up data were collected for 30-90 days. SSI was diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) criteria. The SSI isolates were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF/MS). Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: Out of a total of 3,642 patients, 70% had complete follow-up. SSI was detected in 57 cases (2.3%), 61.4% of which were detected post discharge. Factors significantly associated with increased SSI risk included smoking, diabetes, ASA score 5/E, ICU admission, previous admission and increased hospital stay. Sixty-five isolates were obtained; 70.8% were GNB while 24.6% were GPC and 4.6% were Candida albicans. Regarding AMR, 58.7% of isolates were extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producers while 45.7% were Carbapenem resistant. Multi drug resistant (MDR) was detected in 13% of isolates, 54.3% were extended drug resistant (XDR) and 10.9% were pan drug resistant (PDR). Eighty-six percent of Staphylococci isolates were methicillin-resistant. Conclusion: Despite low SSI rates detected, the high incidence of AMR identified is alarming.

Usefulness of antimicrobial resistance pattern for detecting PVL- or TSST-1-producing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a French university hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore ◽  
Michelle Thouverez ◽  
Gérard Couetdic ◽  
Pascal Cholley ◽  
Daniel Talon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Several recent reports have suggested that community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, particularly those harbouring genes for Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), are increasingly responsible for infections in hospitals. Here, a retrospective study was carried out to investigate whether antimicrobial resistance patterns could be used to detect these pathogens in a French university hospital. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR profiling (PVL genes and tst), PFGE typing and multilocus sequence typing. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients. For PVL-positive MRSA, the typical antimicrobial resistance pattern (susceptible to fluoroquinolones, non-susceptible to fusidic acid, kanamycin resistant and susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin) had a sensitivity of 77.8 % and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100 %. For tst-positive MRSA, the antimicrobial resistance pattern (susceptible to fluoroquinolones and non-susceptible to fusidic acid) had a sensitivity of 100 % and a PPV of 72.4 %. These results suggest that phenotypic rules based on antimicrobial resistance patterns are potentially useful for the detection of PVL- and tst-positive MRSA isolates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated With Healthcare-Associated Infections: Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Weiner ◽  
Amy K. Webb ◽  
Brandi Limbago ◽  
Margaret A. Dudeck ◽  
Jean Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Healthcare Associated

OBJECTIVETo describe antimicrobial resistance patterns for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) that occurred in 2011–2014 and were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network.METHODSData from central line–associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonias, and surgical site infections were analyzed. These HAIs were reported from acute care hospitals, long-term acute care hospitals, and inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Pooled mean proportions of pathogens that tested resistant (or nonsusceptible) to selected antimicrobials were calculated by year and HAI type.RESULTSOverall, 4,515 hospitals reported that at least 1 HAI occurred in 2011–2014. There were 408,151 pathogens from 365,490 HAIs reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, most of which were reported from acute care hospitals with greater than 200 beds. Fifteen pathogen groups accounted for 87% of reported pathogens; the most common included Escherichia coli (15%), Staphylococcus aureus (12%), Klebsiella species (8%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (8%). In general, the proportion of isolates with common resistance phenotypes was higher among device-associated HAIs compared with surgical site infections. Although the percent resistance for most phenotypes was similar to earlier reports, an increase in the magnitude of the resistance percentages among E. coli pathogens was noted, especially related to fluoroquinolone resistance.CONCLUSIONThis report represents a national summary of antimicrobial resistance among select HAIs and phenotypes. The distribution of frequent pathogens and some resistance patterns appear to have changed from 2009–2010, highlighting the need for continual, careful monitoring of these data across the spectrum of HAI types.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–14

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