scholarly journals Comparative Morphology and Chemical Composition of Plant Leaf and their Relation with Population Density of Certain Piercing- Sucking Insect Pests

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
M. Bayoumy ◽  
S. Awadalla ◽  
M. El-Gendy ◽  
Nagwan El-Lawatay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Plant Leaf

scholarly journals Influence of Calcium Silicate on the Chemical Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq.) P. Kumm

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Rossana V. C. Cardoso ◽  
Márcio Carocho ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Diego Cunha Zied ◽  
Juan Diego Valenzuela Cobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
The Impact

Supplementation of mushroom substrates has been linked to a higher resistance against insect pests, although few studies show the impact of this supplementation on the different agronomical parameters of mushrooms or even their chemical composition. In this work, the variation in the biological and chemical composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq.) P. Kumm) was analysed after varying the substrate supplementation of calcium silicate (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (w/w%)) during two harvest flushes. Overall, supplementation did not change the weight, the number of fruiting bodies, biological efficiency, yield ratio, and productivity rate of the mushrooms, although the harvest flushes did show significant differences. Furthermore, slight changes were found in the chemical composition with an increase in vitamin D2 and tocopherols for the mushrooms with higher amounts of calcium silicate. Overall, the substrate supplementation did not seem to induce expressive changes or decrease production yields, and can, therefore, continue to be researched as a potential application to fight agronomical pests.

scholarly journals Combinational Effect of Rumex tingitanus (Polygonaceae) Hexane Extract and Bacillus thuringiensis  δ-Endotoxin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhekra Mhalla ◽  
Dalel Ben Farhat-Touzri ◽  
Slim Tounsi ◽  
Mohamed Trigui
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Potential Use

The increasing insect resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is a serious problem which makes it urgent to look for new eco-friendly strategies. Combining these toxins with other biomolecules is one of the promising strategies against insect pests. In this work, we evaluated the bioinsecticidal potential of Rumex tingitanus extracts and B. thuringiensis strain BLB250 against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The chemical composition of the hexane extract, the most active fraction, was analyzed to validate the correlation between chemical composition and biological activity. Among the tested extracts, only the hexanic extract showed toxicity against first and second instar larvae with LC50 of 2.56 and 2.95 mg g−1, respectively. The Bacillus thuringiensis BLB250 delta-endotoxins showed toxicity with an LC50 of 56.3 μg g−1. Therefore, the investigated combinational effect of BLB250 delta-endotoxins and R. tingitanus hexane extract proved significant synergistic effect against S. littoralis larvae. The GC-MS analysis of R. tingitanus hexane extract showed the richness of this extract in phytosterols such as β and γ-sitosterol (48.91%), campesterol (6.43%), and β-amyrin (8.92%) which are known for their insecticidal activity. This novel finding highlights the potential use of this combination against insect pests to prevent the appearance of resistance problems.

scholarly journals The Pancreas in Cystic Fibrosis: Chemical Composition and Comparative Morphology

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Kopito ◽  
H Shwachman ◽  
G F Vawter ◽  
J Edlow
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Comparative Morphology

scholarly journals BIOLOGI DAN TRANSFORMASI BELALANG KEMBARA LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) PADA BEBERAPA TINGKAT KEPADATAN POPULASI DI LABORATORIUM

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Hamim Sudarsono ◽  
Rosma Hasibuan ◽  
Damayanti Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Green House ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

Biology and Transformation of the Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae) at Several Laboratory Population Density Levels.  The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of insect pests in Indonesia that undergoes a unique polymorphic biology.  The locust develops a transformation phase which is triggered mainly by high population density.  Its recent outbreaks in several regions of Indonesia cause major concern and control strategies must be developed to strengthen control efforts in the future. Its unique polymorphic phenomenon, therefore, must be investigated thoroughly for the basis of management of the outbreak.  Due to its agility and its long range flying ability, the most realistic technique to study behavioral and morphological change of the locust is in controlled condition at a laboratory or a green house facility. The experiment was aimed to study effects of colony densities on the biology and transformation process of the migratory locust.  More specifically, the experiment was to study effects of population density on the feeding activity, mortality rate, and the ratio of F/C and E/F of the migratory locust L. migratoria manilensis.  The population densities were simulated in colonies at 2, 5, 10, 20, dan 30 couples per cage (cage size: 45x45x90 cm) reared in a green house. Results of the experiment show that, in general, higher densities of the migratory locust colonies tended to feed more rigorously than those of the less dense colonies.  The locust remained in solitary phase at the density of 2-5 couples per cage whereas the transient phase occured at the density of 10-20 couples per cage.  The colonies transformed to gregarious stage when their densities were 30 couples per cage or higher.  Mortality percentage tended to be higher at colonies with higher density, especially for the third instar of the migratory locust. 

scholarly journals Aedes albopictus (Skuse) susceptibility status to agrochemical-insecticides used in durian plantating systems in southern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakda Ratisupakorn ◽  
Sokchan Lorn ◽  
Nsa Dada ◽  
Aran Ngampongsai ◽  
Pawit Chaivisit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Susceptibility Status

ABSTRACTHigh rates of dengue, chikungunya, and zika morbidity occur in southern Thailand. The intensive application of insecticides in orchards could impact not only agricultural insect pests, but also non-target insects, such as mosquitoes, or non-target beneficial insects. In this study, the population density and insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus populations to field application concentrations of four agrochemical insecticides – cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and imidacloprid were examined. Mosquito eggs were collected from durian cultivation sites in five provinces in southern Thailand and hatched and allowed to develop to the adult stage. The study sites were categorized into three groups based on insecticide application; intensive-application of insecticides (IA), less-application of insecticides (LA), and no application of insecticides (NA). Twenty ovitraps were deployed for at least three consecutive days at each study site to collect mosquito eggs and to determine the Ae. albopictus population density then WHO tube assays being used to determine the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to selected insecticides. This study represents the first report of the agrochemical insecticide susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus collected from durian orchards in southern Thailand. The study found that the populations of Ae. albopictus were susceptible to chlorpyrifos, but showed reduced mortality following exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin, carbaryl, and imidacloprid which is suggestive of the existence of resistance. These findings provide new insights into mosquito insecticide resistance focusing on Ae. albopictus populations and has important implications for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control in Thailand as well as providing baseline data on which future studies can develop.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicon fertilization on two major insect pests of tomato under greenhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Alyousuf ◽  
Dawood Hamid ◽  
Mohsen A. Desher ◽  
Amin Nikpay ◽  
Henk-Marten Laane
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner ◽  
Acid Formulation

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) is an important vegetable crop in Iraq. This horticultural crop is attacked by several insect pest species. Among them, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are the major threat of greenhouse tomatoes in Basrah province in south Iraq. The management of these pests is heavily based on application of chemical pesticides. Vast application of pesticides caused harmful damage to the environment, human health and may increasing the risk of pest resistance on insect populations. One of the promising strategies which are compatible with organic farming is application of silicon for enhancing plant vigor and resistance to pest damage on various agricultural crops. Due to these facts, the experiments have been carried out at Basrah University to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) fertilization on tomato plants for reducing damage of these two major pests. Treatments comprised two type of Si applications (Soil drench treatment and foliar spraying) with four Si concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of AB Yellow ® silicic acid formulation. The population density of B. tabaci and T. absoluta were studied weekly during the growth season. The results clearly demonstrated that Silicon applications significantly decreased the population of immature of both whiteflies and tomato leaf miner on tomato crop in the greenhouse; Si-Foliar spraying was more effective in reducing the population density of these key pests compared to Si- soil drench application.

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