scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DATE, PLANT AGE, DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND CONTROL OF MAIZE LEAFMINER, Pseudonapomyza spicata MALL. (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) ON MAIZE PLANTS AT KAFR EL-SHEIKH REGION

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056
Author(s):  
M. El-Samahy ◽  
A. Taman ◽  
Fathia Salem
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control

Effect of irrigation method on the recovery of 15N fertilizer in a slowly permeable clay soil cropped with maize

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Mosier ◽  
WS Meyer ◽  
FM Melhuish
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Irrigated Soils

A study using 15N~labelled fertilizer was initiated in a lysimeter facility to quantify the amount of N assimilated by maize plants and that which remained in the soil at the end of a cropping season. Maize was planted in 0.43 m2 by 1.35 m deep intact Marah clay loam soil cores removed from an improved pasture in mid-October 1983. Two irrigation treatments, flood-impounding water on the soil for up to 72 h, and control-applying enough water to prevent plant stress without ponding, were employed. The crop was harvested in early April 1984 and the amount of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in the plant and remaining in the soil was determined. Grain yields were reduced about 33% by flood irrigation. Although about 30 kg N ha-1 more fertilizer N was lost from the flood-irrigated system, the difference in N recovery between the flood- and control-irrigated soils was not sufficient to account for the reduced grain yield. Flood-irrigated plants were less efficient in transporting fertilizer N to the seed than were control irrigation plants. The data suggest that the reduced seed yield and total N content of maize plants grown under flood irrigation was metabolically controlled rather than being derived from a difference in soil mineral N content compared with control-irrigated soils.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sources and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the Initial Development of Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Anderson Daniel Suss ◽  
Adriano Mitio Inigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control

The aim was to evaluate the initial development of maize plants when submitted to mineral fertilization with magnesium sources in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. To do so, was conducted an experiment in greenhouse. In the essay was adopted a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 3 × 2, represented by the magnesium sources: magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and control without Mg fertilization, in the presence or absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. The Mg sources were supplied with a dose of 30 kg ha-1, being homogenized in the substrate before sowing the crop. The analysis were carried out in the V4 stage, evaluating: basal stem diameter (BSD); relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem + sheath blade dry mass (SSDM) and root dry mass (RDM). No differences were observed for the factors interaction and for the Mg sources. When considered the seed inoculation there was increases of 7.1%; 6.61%; 19.23%; 28.32%; and 15.17 %, for basal stem diameter, SPAD index, leaf dry mass, stem + sheath blade dry mass and roots, respectively. The inoculation of maize seeds with A. brasilense increases the initial development of maize plants and the SPAD index in greenhouse conditions in the V4, while the fertilization with the magnesium sources do not interfere in the maize development.

scholarly journals Rapid shifts in the age-specific burden of malaria following successful control interventions in four regions of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Kigozi ◽  
Ruth N. Kigozi ◽  
Adrienne Epstein ◽  
Arthur Mpimbaza ◽  
Asadu Sserwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Transmission Reduction ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) has been associated with reduced transmission throughout Africa. However, the impact of transmission reduction on the age distribution of malaria cases remains unclear. Methods: Over a 10-year period (January, 2009 to July, 2018), outpatient surveillance data from four health facilities in Uganda were used to estimate the impact of control interventions on temporal changes in the age distribution of malaria cases using multinomial regression. Interventions included mass distribution of LLINs at all sites and IRS at two sites. Results: Overall, 896,550 patient visits were included in the study; 211,632 aged <5 years, 171,166 aged 5-15 years, and 513,752 >15 years. Over time, the age distribution of patients not suspected of malaria and those malaria negative either declined or remained the same across all sites. In contrast, the age distribution of suspected and confirmed malaria cases increased across all four sites. In the two LLINs-only sites, the proportion of malaria cases in <5 years decreased from 31% to 16% and 35% to 25%, respectively. In the two sites receiving LLINs plus IRS, these proportions decreased from 58% to 30% and 64% to 47%, respectively. Similarly, in the LLINs-only sites, the proportion of malaria cases >15 years increased from 40% to 61% and 29% to 39%, respectively. In the sites receiving LLINs plus IRS, these proportions increased from 19% to 44% and 18% to 31%, respectively. Discussion: These findings demonstrate a shift in the burden of malaria from younger to older individuals following implementation of successful control interventions, which has important implications for malaria prevention, surveillance, case management and control strategies.

scholarly journals Rapid shifts in the age-specific burden of malaria following successful control interventions in four regions of Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Kigozi ◽  
Ruth N. Kigozi ◽  
Adrienne Epstein ◽  
Arthur Mpimbaza ◽  
Asadu Sserwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Transmission Reduction ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) has been associated with reduced transmission throughout Africa. However, the impact of transmission reduction on the age distribution of malaria cases remains unclear. Methods: Over a 10-year period (January, 2009 to July, 2018), outpatient surveillance data from four health facilities in Uganda were used to estimate the impact of control interventions on temporal changes in the age distribution of malaria cases using multinomial regression. Interventions included mass distribution of LLINs at all sites and IRS at two sites. Results: Overall, 896,550 patient visits were included in the study; 211,632 aged <5 years, 171,166 aged 5-15 years, and 513,752 >15 years. Over time, the age distribution of patients not suspected of malaria and those malaria negative either declined or remained the same across all sites. In contrast, the age distribution of suspected and confirmed malaria cases increased across all four sites for. In the two LLINs-only sites, the proportion of malaria cases in <5 years decreased from 31% to 16% and 35% to 25%, respectively. In the two sites receiving LLINs plus IRS, these proportions decreased from 58% to 30% and 64% to 47%, respectively. Similarly, in the LLINs-only sites, the proportion of malaria cases >15 years of age increased from 40% to 61% and 29% to 39%, respectively. In the sites receiving LLINs plus IRS, these proportions increased from 19% to 44% and 18% to 31%, respectively. Discussion: These findings demonstrate a shift in the burden of malaria from younger to older individuals following implementation of successful control interventions, which has important implications for malaria prevention, surveillance, case management and control strategies.

Effects of plant age, leaf age and virus yellows infection on the population dynamics of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on sugarbeet in field plots

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Clip Cage ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractField experiments in which clip-caged apterae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were monitored on sugarbeet revealed that leaf age, plant age and infection of the host with beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) had very large effects on aphid performance (development, reproduction and survival). On healthy plants performance was much better on young, expanding heart leaves than on older leaves. Performance on senescent leaves was poor. When apterae were kept on young heart leaves all their lives (by moving clip-cages to younger leaves every 4 days) there was a strong negative relationship between aphid performance and plant age (measured as plant leaf number at birth). On plants inoculated with BYV apterae showed large improvements in performance. These occurred so rapidly that nymphs born at the time of virus inoculation could benefit as much as those born later. The sizes and between-leaf distributions of M. persicae populations which developed from standard numbers of colonists on whole plants in cages were consistent with the results of the clip-cage experiments. Alatae were less sensitive than apterae to differences in plant and leaf age. Implications of the results for BYV epidemiology and control are discussed.

scholarly journals Myelin basic proteins in myelin subfractions from normal and quaking mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
G E Fagg ◽  
T V Waehneldt
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Littermate Control ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Myelin Subfractions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quaking Mice

The relative proportions of four myelin basic proteins (preL, L, preS,S) were determined in myelin subfractions prepared from the forebrains of quaking and littermate control mice. The distribution pattern of each protein was similar in both mutant and control fractions. The S component was the only basic protein present in low amounts in myelin from the mutant.

scholarly journals Opportunities for improved surveillance and control of dengue from age-specific case data

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer ◽  
Henrik Salje ◽  
Derek A Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
And Control ◽  
Incident Cases

One of the challenges faced by global disease surveillance efforts is the lack of comparability across systems. Reporting commonly focuses on overall incidence, despite differences in surveillance quality between and within countries. For most immunizing infections, the age distribution of incident cases provides a more robust picture of trends in transmission. We present a framework to estimate transmission intensity for dengue virus from age-specific incidence data, and apply it to 359 administrative units in Thailand, Colombia, Brazil and Mexico. Our estimates correlate well with those derived from seroprevalence data (the gold standard), capture the expected spatial heterogeneity in risk, and correlate with known environmental drivers of transmission. We show how this approach could be used to guide the implementation of control strategies such as vaccination. Since age-specific counts are routinely collected by masany surveillance systems, they represent a unique opportunity to further our understanding of disease burden and risk for many diseases.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Herbisida Berbahan Aktif Campuran Atrazin-Mesotrion dan Paraquat dalam Pengendalian Gulma pada Pertanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Rima Esa Lolitasari ◽  
Saifuddin Hasjim
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
And Control

Corn in cultivation is inseparable from several other organism disorder s that can inhibit or reduce that productivity. One of the disorders is caused by weeds. Application of herbicides with active ingredients on the mixture of atrazine-mesotrion, and paraquat which is applied to corn plants has its own effect on corn plants if it is applied not according to the time or recommended dosage. The experimental design used,  namely  Randomized Completely Block  Design (RCBD)  with 6  treatments and  4  replications, namely  P0  (control or uncontrolled), P1 (manual weeding 21 hst and 42 hst), P2 (Application of atrazine a nd mesotrione dose of 1.5 l / ha 21 hst), P3 (Application of paraquat dose 1 l / ha 21 hst), P4 (Application of atrazine and mesotrione dosage 1.5 l / ha 21 hst and 42 hst), P5 (Application of paraquat dose 1 l / ha 21 hst and 42 hst). The results showed that the use of herbicides with active ingredients atrazine, mesotrione, and paraquat had been able to effectively reduce the biomass of broad-leaf weeds and grasses. The use of the paraquat active ingredient applied at 21 hst showed the highest phytotoxicity symptoms in weeds and in maize plants. The use of two active ingredients of herbicide, manual weeding and control had no effect on plant height, growth rate, cob length, ear circumference, and had effect on shell weight.

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