scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY ON TYPE I AND TYPE II THIRD STAGE LARVAE OF ANISAKIS SIMPLEX FROM RED SEA FISHES FROM HURGHADA, EGYPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
REFAAT KHALIFA ◽  
ABDEL-NASSER HUSSEIN ◽  
NERMEAN HUSSEIN ◽  
ZEINAB ABDEL-GHAFFAR
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Third Stage

scholarly journals First Record ofAnisakis simplexThird-Stage Larvae (Nematoda, Anisakidae) in European HakeMerluccius merluccius lessepsianusin Egyptian Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Abou-Rahma ◽  
Rewaida Abdel-Gaber ◽  
Amira Kamal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
First Record ◽  
Type I ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
European Hake ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

The prevalence of infection and the identification of anisakid larvae in European hakeMerluccius merluccius lessepsianusfrom Hurghada City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, were investigated. Fish samples were collected during the period of February and November 2014. Twenty-two (36.66%) out of sixty examined fish specimens were found to be naturally infected withAnisakistype I larvae mostly found as encapsulated larvae in visceral organs. There was a positive relationship between host length/weight and prevalence of infection. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, these nematodes were identified as third-stage larvae ofAnisakis simplex. The present study was considered as the first report of anisakid larvae from European hake in the Egyptian water.

Behavior and Viability of Third-Stage Larvae of Terranova sp. (Type HA) and Anisakis simplex (Type I) Under Coolant Conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS L. DEARDORFF ◽  
RICHARD B. RAYBOURNE ◽  
ROBERT S. DESOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
The Western Pacific

This study reports effects of storage at cold temperatures on behavior and survival of third-stage larvae of Terranova sp. (type HA) and Anisakis simplex (type I) in marine fishes. Snappers, caught near the Hawaiian Islands, were examined to determine whether type HA and type I larvae could migrate from the viscera of ungutted fishes into edible musculature when maintained at 12, 8, and 0°C. Our data are suggestive that both type HA and type I larvae possess the ability to migrate. Temperatures of 12, 8, and 0°C had no noticable adverse affect on viability of both larval types within fish tissues; however, both larval types were extremely sensitive to temperatures below freezing. Death of both larval types encysted within Hawaiian snappers occurred by day 4 at −5°C and within 24 h at −10, −15, and −20°C. Other type I larvae, collected from fishes (Sebastes spp.) imported to Hawaii from the western Pacific, survived for slightly longer periods at −5, −10, −15, and −20°C when compared with type I larvae from Hawaiian fishes. Subjecting Hawaiian snappers to at least −20°C for 1 d and imported rockfishes to at least −20°C for 5 d is recommended to inactivate the living anisakines before ingesting any raw fish products.

scholarly journals Quantal and Nonquantal Transmission in Calyx-Bearing Fibers of the Turtle Posterior Crista

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Holt ◽  
Shilpa Chatlani ◽  
Anna Lysakowski ◽  
Jay M. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Outer Face ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Voltage Gated

Intracellular recordings were made from nerve fibers in the posterior ampullary nerve near the neuroepithelium. Calyx-bearing afferents were identified by their distinctive efferent-mediated responses. Such fibers receive inputs from both type I and type II hair cells. Type II inputs are made by synapses on the outer face of the calyx ending and on the boutons of dimorphic fibers. Quantal activity, consisting of brief mEPSPs, is reduced by lowering the external concentration of Ca2+ and blocked by the AMPA-receptor antagonist CNQX. Poisson statistics govern the timing of mEPSPs, which occur at high rates (250–2,500/s) in the absence of mechanical stimulation. Excitation produced by canal-duct indentation can increase mEPSP rates to nearly 5,000/s. As the rate increases, mEPSPs can change from a monophasic depolarization to a biphasic depolarizing–hyperpolarizing sequence, both of whose components are blocked by CNQX. Blockers of voltage-gated currents affect mEPSP size, which is decreased by TTX and is increased by linopirdine. mEPSP size decreases severalfold after impalement. The size decrease, although it may be triggered by the depolarization occurring during impalement, persists even at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. Nonquantal transmission is indicated by shot-noise calculations and by the presence of voltage modulations after quantal activity is abolished pharmacologically. An ultrastructural study shows that inner-face inputs from type I hair cells outnumber outer-face inputs from type II hair cells by an almost 6:1 ratio.

Prevalence of Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. Larvae in Teleosts and Cephalopods Sampled from Waters off Sardinia

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIA ANGELUCCI ◽  
MAURO MELONI ◽  
PAOLO MERELLA ◽  
FRANCESCO SARDU ◽  
SALVATORE MADEDDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Anisakis Spp ◽  
Zeus Faber

A study was carried out on the presence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in fish and cephalopods caught in Sardinian waters. A total of 369 specimens of 24 different species of teleosts and 5 species of cephalopods were collected from different fishing areas of Sardinia. Larvae were detected and isolated by both visual inspection and enzymatic digestion. These methods allowed Anisakis type I and type II third-stage larvae and Hysterothylacium third- and fourth-stage larvae to be detected. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were calculated. The results obtained showed the highest prevalence of Anisakidae in Zeus faber (100%) and of Anisakis in Micromesistius poutassou (87.5%). The highest prevalence of Anisakis type I larvae was in M. poutassou (81.2%), and that of Anisakis type II larvae was in Todarodes sagittatus (20%). The highest values for prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance for Hysterothylacium were found in Z. faber. These prevalences and the mean intensity and abundance were higher than those reported by different authors in other Mediterranean areas. This may be because the enzymatic digestive method used in this research resulted in higher recovery levels. The data suggest that Sardinia may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases and that measures such as information campaigns, aimed at both sanitary service personnel and consumers, should be employed to limit the spread of such zoonosis.

Biochemical Characterization of Third-Stage Larval Sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakidae), in Canadian Atlantic Waters using Isoelectric Focusing of Soluble Proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey E. Appleton ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Third Stage

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed on soluble protein extracts from whole specimens of third-stage larval sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) recovered from the musculature of three fish intermediate host species: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). The fish were collected at various sites in the Canadian Atlantic, and IEF revealed the occurrence of two "variants" within what has previously been considered a single, uniform species of P. decipiens in these waters. The larvae were characterized by the absence ("type I" L3's) or presence ("type II" L3's) of a sharp, dark-staining protein band with a mean pl of 6.46 pH units. Type I larvae were predominant at two sites sampled in the lower Bay of Fundy, while type II larvae were predominant at three sites sampled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region.

Ultrastructural Study of the Salivary Glands of Ornithodoros Moubata Nymphs During Feeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Rosell-Davis ◽  
Lewis B. Coons ◽  
Glen R. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands ◽  
Active Substances

Tick salivary glands are the principal organs through which pathogens are transmitted to the vertebrate host. Salivary glands of the argasid nymph, O. moubata, consists of grape-like clusters of two morphologically distinct types of acini; agranular or Type I and granular or Type II. Type I acini have an unknown function but in ixodids they produce a hydroscopic fluid used by the tick to take up moisture from the atmosphere. Type II acini secrete a fluid that contains an anticoagulant and pharmacologically active substances. The purpose of this study is to describe the ultrastructure of both types of acini using the nomenclature developed for ixodid salivary glands by Needham and Coons and Fawcett, et al.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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