Biochemical Characterization of Third-Stage Larval Sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakidae), in Canadian Atlantic Waters using Isoelectric Focusing of Soluble Proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey E. Appleton ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Third Stage

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed on soluble protein extracts from whole specimens of third-stage larval sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) recovered from the musculature of three fish intermediate host species: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). The fish were collected at various sites in the Canadian Atlantic, and IEF revealed the occurrence of two "variants" within what has previously been considered a single, uniform species of P. decipiens in these waters. The larvae were characterized by the absence ("type I" L3's) or presence ("type II" L3's) of a sharp, dark-staining protein band with a mean pl of 6.46 pH units. Type I larvae were predominant at two sites sampled in the lower Bay of Fundy, while type II larvae were predominant at three sites sampled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence region.

Experimental infection of fish with larval sealworm, Pseudotertanova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakinae), transmitted by amphipods

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
The Brain

Larval sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens, (Krabbe 1878)) were transmitted sequentially through copepods and amphipods to 12 phylogenetically diverse fish species. Although P. decipiens in amphipods were 0.82–7.08 mm long, only those ≥1.41 mm were infective to fish. Sealworm transmitted at 15 °C migrated to the musculature within 6 h in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and 12 h in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) but were confined to the bolus in an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stomach at 24 h. All sealworm in smelt, but only 12% of those in cod, occupied the musculature after 7 days. Death of 15 mummichog and a grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus) 10–20 days after exposure apparently resulted from damage to the brain, heart, aorta, liver, or spleen by feeding and migrating nematodes. Whereas 100% of the sealworm in grubby and 86–88% of those in mummichog and winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) were dead and encapsulated in host connective tissue after 56 days, all P. decipiens in smelt were viable and unencapsulated. With length increasing linearly at 0.421 mm day−1, sealworm larvae reached 27.29 (23.60–30.70) mm after 56 days in smelt at 15 °C. However, P. decipiens, which escaped the host tissue response in mummichog and flounder, were only 10.14 (6.00–21.80) and 12.42 (9.53–14.40) mm in length, respectively.

Parasites as biological indicators of stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland, Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Khan ◽  
C. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were collected from six locations on the continental shelf off Newfoundland, Canada, including one inshore area and examined for parasites from 1981 to 1983. The protozoan Loma branchialis was more prevalent in North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) areas 3Pn-4R (Gulf of St. Lawrence) and 2J-3K (Labrador), whereas the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus gadi was more abundant in the latter than in other locations. Similarly, the prevalence and (or) abundance of the fillet-inhabiting larval nematode Pseudoterranova decipiens and the blood-feeding copepod Lernaeocera branchialis were significantly greater in fish from 3Ps (St. Pierre Bank) and 3Pn-4R than from all adjacent areas. Gastrointestinal ascaridoid nematodes were more abundant in 3M (Flemish Cap) cod than in other localities. No differences in the prevalence and abundance of E. gadi were detected in samples in relation to sex or size class. Paired comparisons of transformed data for the different parasite taxa revealed that there were more significant differences than similarities in cod sampled from adjacent NAFO divisions. These observations based on selected parasites (Loma branchialis, Trypanosoma murmanensis, Myxidium gadi, P. decipiens, gastrointestinal ascaridoid nematodes, E. gadi, and Lernaeocera branchialis) support the view that discrete stocks of cod inhabit the Newfoundland–Labrador continental shelf.

Prevalence of Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. Larvae in Teleosts and Cephalopods Sampled from Waters off Sardinia

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIA ANGELUCCI ◽  
MAURO MELONI ◽  
PAOLO MERELLA ◽  
FRANCESCO SARDU ◽  
SALVATORE MADEDDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Anisakis Spp ◽  
Zeus Faber

A study was carried out on the presence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in fish and cephalopods caught in Sardinian waters. A total of 369 specimens of 24 different species of teleosts and 5 species of cephalopods were collected from different fishing areas of Sardinia. Larvae were detected and isolated by both visual inspection and enzymatic digestion. These methods allowed Anisakis type I and type II third-stage larvae and Hysterothylacium third- and fourth-stage larvae to be detected. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were calculated. The results obtained showed the highest prevalence of Anisakidae in Zeus faber (100%) and of Anisakis in Micromesistius poutassou (87.5%). The highest prevalence of Anisakis type I larvae was in M. poutassou (81.2%), and that of Anisakis type II larvae was in Todarodes sagittatus (20%). The highest values for prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance for Hysterothylacium were found in Z. faber. These prevalences and the mean intensity and abundance were higher than those reported by different authors in other Mediterranean areas. This may be because the enzymatic digestive method used in this research resulted in higher recovery levels. The data suggest that Sardinia may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases and that measures such as information campaigns, aimed at both sanitary service personnel and consumers, should be employed to limit the spread of such zoonosis.

scholarly journals The third serine proteinase with chymotrypsin specificity isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a type-II elastase

1998 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarni Asgeirsson ◽  
Rikke Leth-Larsen ◽  
Matthias Thorolfsson ◽  
Morten M. Nedertoft ◽  
Peter Hojrup
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Third

scholarly journals Distribution and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes in fish and seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: potential importance of climatic conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Longhorn Sculpin ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes ◽  
Seal Diet

Prevalence and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes were determined in a variety of fishes from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1990 and 1992. Sealworm abundance and prevalence were also determined in three species of seals in the Gulf between 1988 and 1992. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and longhorn sculpin (M. octodecemspinosus) were the fishes most heavily infected with sealworm. Grey seals(Halichoerus grypus) proved to be the most important definitive hosts for sealworm in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased, whereas that of Anisakis simplex and contracaecine nematodes decreased, from north to south in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased compared to earlier surveys in most areas of the Gulf, but decreased in both cod and grey seals during the course of this study. In contrast, abundance of Contracaecum osculatum and Phocascaris spp. in grey seals and cod continued to increase during the study period. Observed increases of nematodes are attributed to growing populations of grey seals (for sealworm) and harp seals (for Contracaecinea). Levels of A. simplex remained relatively constant between 1988 and 1992 in both grey seals and cod. There is no evidence suggesting that observed patterns in nematode abundance were due to changes in grey seal diet. Nor was there any evidence of competition between P. decipiens and C. osculatum in grey seals affecting either sealworm abundance or fecundity. The trends detected herein are attributed to climatic events in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where water temperatures in the cold intermediate layer consistently decreased between 1986 and 1994. It is suggested that low temperatures inhibited development and hatching of sealworm eggs, but not those of C. osculatum.

scholarly journals Salt-Cured Atlantic Cod Skin: A Sustainable Source of Acid-Soluble Type I Collagen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Coscueta ◽  
María Emilia Brassesco ◽  
Manuela Pintado
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acid Soluble Collagen ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
Alternative Sources

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom. Industrial collagen is mainly bovine and porcine origin. However, due to religious beliefs, allergic issues, and infectious diseases, alternative sources of collagen as marine are gaining increasing interest. In this work, the acid-soluble collagen (ASC) were extracted from salt-cured Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) skin and characterized. The extraction yield was about 2.0%, equivalent to the extraction yield reported for other fish skins. The electrophoretic pattern showed the typical type I structure (α, β and γ chains). UV-VIS and FTIR absorbance spectra suggested a very pure ASC with an intact triple helical structure. The integrity and the adequate porosity required for different applications were then confirmed by electron micrograph. Our findings allow us to say that, for the first time, we extracted acid-soluble type I collagen from salt-cured Atlantic cod skin, with characteristics suitable for application in various fields, such as biomedical.

Scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis in endocardial endothelial cells of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (11) ◽  
pp. 1707-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
K K Sørensen ◽  
J Melkko ◽  
B Smedsrød
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Endocardial Endothelial Cells ◽  
Scavenger Receptor Ligands

Scavenger receptors are multifunctional integral membrane proteins that mediate the endocytosis of many different macromolecular polyanions and also participate in host defence reactions and cell adherance. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), two intravenously injected scavenger receptor ligands, [125I]tyramine-cellobiose-labelled formaldehyde-treated serum albumin (125I-TC-FSA) and 125I-labelled N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (125I-PINP), distributed mainly to the heart. Cellular uptake was visualized by injections of fluorescently labelled FSA (FITC-FSA), which was recovered in discrete vesicles in endocardial endothelial cells of both heart chambers. Studies in vitro showed that radioiodinated FSA and PINP were endocytosed and degraded very efficiently by cultured atrial endocardial endothelial cells. Moreover, uptake of 125I-FSA was Ca2+-independent. Out of a range of unlabelled ligands, only the scavenger receptor ligands FITC-FSA, polyinosinic acid and, to a varying extent, FSA, acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL) and PINP, were able to compete with radioiodinated FSA, PINP or AcLDL for uptake in isolated endocardial cells. From our findings, we conclude that the endocardial endothelial cells are major carriers of scavenger receptors in cod. In addition, our results strengthen the hypothesis that these cells in cod play the same important function as that established for the scavenger endothelial cells of the mammalian liver.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a native group III trypsin ZT from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 847-855
Author(s):  
Gunnar B. Sandholt ◽  
Bjarki Stefansson ◽  
Reynir Scheving ◽  
Ágústa Gudmundsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Native Group
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