scholarly journals The problem of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and laying hens: Selected control methods and alternative solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (09) ◽  
pp. 6571-2021
Author(s):  
KAROLINA FABIA ◽  
DARIUSZ WOLSKI ◽  
MAREK BIEŃKO ◽  
RADOSŁAW P. RADZKI ◽  
SYLWIA SZYMAŃCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Disease Unit

In industrial poultry production, especially in broiler chickens, coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa parasites in the digestive tract, continues to be a serious health and economic problem. In economic terms, the losses are mainly caused by the costs of prevention and treatment, as well as the reduced weight gain and reduced condition of the birds. Currently, the prophylactic program of this disease unit is mainly based on the use of chemotherapeutics. Another way to control coccidiosis is active immunoprophylaxis, based on the vaccination of chickens for fattening, and passive immunoprophylaxis, based on vaccination of the parent flock. An alternative, effective way to reduce the negative effects of protozoan infestation by Eimeria may be the use of herbs and their extracts, pre- and probiotics and betaine.

scholarly journals Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cholis ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight. 

scholarly journals The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens Ross-308 and Iza-F-15 under industrial technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
V. A. Reimer ◽  
Z. N. Alekseeva ◽  
I. Yu. Klemeshova ◽  
E. V. Tarabanova ◽  
G. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

The authors studied productivity and product quality under industrial poultry production technology. The productivity of broiler chickens of Ross-308 and Hubbard Iza-F-15 was different during floor rearing. Broiler chickens of Ross-308 outperformed Iza-F-15 chickens in body weight and average daily gain. The live weight at the slaughter of Ross-308 chickens was 2,360 g. The live weight of the chickens of Iza-F-15 was 2088 g. The conversion of feed to produce was higher in the chickens of Ross-308 cross by 0,06 kg compared with the chickens of Iza-F-15 and amounted to 1.64 kg per 1 kg of live weight gain. The survival rate was high for Ross-308 chickens (95.8%). The safety of the flock of the Izu-F-15 chickens was 2.2 per cent lower and was 93.6 per cent. Slaughter yield in the chickens cross Ross-308 is higher than in the group of chickens cross Iza-F-15. Meat quality is also better in Ross-308 chickens. Growing broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross for meat under industrial technology allowed to get more profit compared to the use of poultry of Iza-F-15 cross. At the exact cost of feed, 1 kg of live weight gain was 7.1 roubles, and per 1 head of chick was 19.1 roubles. The profitability level is also 12.6% higher for the broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross. The cumulative indicator the European productivity index is higher for chickens of Ross-308 breed, compared with chickens of Iza-F-15 breed on 56 units. This index was 341 and 285, respectively.

scholarly journals Energy utilisation of broiler chickens in response to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in diets with various energy contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Sadra Ale Saheb Fosoul ◽  
Arash Azarfar ◽  
Abbasali Gheisari ◽  
Heshmatollah Khosravinia
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Experimental Treatments

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on productive performance, intestinal morphometric features, blood parameters and energy utilisation in broiler chickens. A total of 390 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to six dietary treatments based on a factorial arrangement (2×3) across 1–15 and 15–35-d periods. Experimental treatments consisted of two basal diets with standard (STD; starter: 12·56 MJ/kg and grower: 12·97 MJ/kg) and reduction (LME; starter: 11·93 MJ/kg and grower: 12·33 MJ/kg) of apparent metabolisable energy (AME) requirement of broiler chickens each supplemented with 0, 0·6 and 1·2 g/kg GAA. Supplemental 1·2 g/kg GAA decreased the negative effects of feed energy reduction on weight gain across starter, growing and the entire production phases (P<0·05). Energy retention as fat and total energy retention were increased when birds received LME diets supplemented with 1·2 g/kg GAA (P<0·05). Net energy for production (NEp) and total heat production increased in birds fed LME diets containing 1·2 g/kg GAA (P<0·05). A significant correlation was observed between dietary NEp and weight gain of broilers (r 0·493; P=0·0055), whereas this relationship was not seen with AME. Jejunal villus height and crypt depth were lower in birds fed LME diets (P<0·05). Serum concentration of creatinine increased in broilers fed LME diets either supplemented with 1·2 g/kg GAA or without GAA supplementation (P<0·05). Supplemental GAA improved performance of chickens fed LME diet possibly through enhanced dietary NEp. The NEp could be preferred over the AME to assess response of broiler chickens to dietary GAA supplementation.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effects of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) juice on survival, performance and lipid peroxidation status of heat-stressed broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
B. M. Agaie ◽  
M. A Umaru ◽  
A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Watermelon Juice

Heat stress is highly detrimental to the wellbeing of broiler chickens especially at the finisher stage (4-8 weeks) of production. Ameliorative effects of watermelon juice (WJ) supplement were investigated over three weeks period to monitor survival, performance and lipid peroxidation of finisher broiler chickens raised during hot season. Proximate and phytochemical analyses of the WJ were conducted. Then, one hundred five-week-old broiler chickens of 0.9kg average body weight were allotted into 4 groups- (Control, Test 1, Test 2 and Reference) each in 3 replicates in a completely randomised design. The control group received non-supplemented water, the test groups (T1 and T2) received 20% and 40% WJ respectively, and the reference group (RG) received 200mg of ascorbic acid (AA) /litre of water. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA. The results showed that relatively high survival rates were recorded in the test (T1: 84.0%, T2:100.0%) and reference (RG: 80.0%) groups compared to the control group (CG: 36.0%). Feed intake and weight gain improved significantly (p<0.05) in all the supplemented groups. The best ameliorative effects of the WJ on weight gain (1.60kg/b), Feed Conversion Ratio (0.90), survival rate (100%) and malodialdehyde (MDA) concentration (3.25) were obtained at 40% supplementation level (T2) compared to other treatments. In conclusion, WJ effectively alleviated negative impacts of heat stress in the finisher broilers at 40% supplementation level. Its supplementation is therefore recommended for broiler chickens to minimise economic loss commonly encountered in the tropical regions where extreme ambient temperature is a major constraint to poultry production.

scholarly journals Reduced Performance Due to Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in 16-Day-Old Commercial Broiler Chickens in Iran, Confirmed Experimentally

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mirzazadeh ◽  
Beatrice Grafl ◽  
Mohammad Abbasnia ◽  
Sobhan Emadi-Jamali ◽  
Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Poultry Production

Adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) in broilers is an emerging infectious disease with negative impact on flock productivity. Despite of known primary etiological role of fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) in AGE, there are a limited number of field reports worldwide, possibly because the disease is less noticeable and clinically difficult to assess. The present study documents an outbreak of AGE in 16-day-old broiler chickens on a farm in the north of Iran and the reproduction of the disease in an experimental setting. In the field, a sudden onset of mortality was noticed in affected broilers resulting in 6% total mortality and decreased weight gain leading to approximately 1-week delay to reach the target slaughter weight. Necropsy findings in dead broilers revealed black colored content in crop, proventriculus and gizzard together with severe gizzard erosions characterized by multiple black-brown areas of variable size in the koilin layer and mucosal inflammation. Microscopic examination revealed necrotizing ventriculitis marked with severe dissociation of koilin layer and degeneration of glandular epithelium with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. FAdV-1 was isolated from affected gizzards. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop-1 (L1) sequence of the isolated virus showed 100% identity with pathogenic FAdV-1 strains previously reported from broiler chickens with AGE. Subsequently, an in vivo study infecting day-old commercial layer chickens with the field isolate demonstrated characteristic lesions and histopathological changes of AGE together with decreased weight gain in the infected birds. For the first time, the progress of a natural outbreak of AGE in Iran is described and experimental reproduction of the disease is demonstrated. The findings highlight the economic impact of the disease for regional poultry production due to mortality and impaired weight gain of the affected broilers.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Fei-Fei Yan ◽  
Jia-Ying Hu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Heng-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
And Performance

The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijuan Zheng ◽  
Anrong Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽  
Wenhuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Immune Stress

Abstract Background Immunological stress decreases feed intake, suppresses growth and induces economic losses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics techniques were employed to investigate effects of immune stress on the hepatic proteome changes of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus Gallus domesticus) challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Proteomic analysis indicated that 111 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver of broiler chickens from the immune stress group. Of these, 28 proteins were down-regulated, and 83 proteins were up-regulated in the immune stress group. Enrichment analysis showed that immune stress upregulated the expression of hepatic proteins involved in defense function, amino acid catabolism, ion transport, wound healing, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, immune stress increased valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusion The data suggests that growth depression of broiler chickens induced by immune stress is triggered by hepatic proteome alterations, and provides a new insight into the mechanism by which immune challenge impairs poultry production.

scholarly journals Association Between Weight Gain, Blood Parameters, and Thyroid Hormones and the Development of Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Luger ◽  
D. Shinder ◽  
V. Rzepakovsky ◽  
M. Rusal ◽  
S. Yahav
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ascites Syndrome

Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

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